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Allan Napier MacNab Allan Napier MacNab 1798 - 1862 Politician, Lawyer
Krzysztof Gawedzki Krzysztof Gawedzki 1947 - 2022 Mathematical physics
Saib Shawkat Saib Shawkat 1898 - 1984 Dean of the Iraqi Royal College of Medicine
Joan Sebastian Joan Sebastian 1951 - 2015 Regional Mexican music
Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Luneburg-Celle Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Luneburg-Celle 1666 - 1726 Electoral Princess of Hanover
Charng Ratanarat Charng Ratanarat 1904 - 1993 Chemist, Government Official
Solon Solon -560 - -630 Reformer of Athens and founder of democracy
Carmen Salinas Carmen Salinas 1939 - 2021 Actress, impressionist, comedian, politician
Ibrahim Dalliu Ibrahim Dalliu 1878 - 1952 Islamic scholar and writer
Emil Grosswald Emil Grosswald 1912 - 1989 Mathematician
Luu Huu Phuoc Luu Huu Phuoc 1921 - 1989 composer
Pancho Villa Pancho Villa 1878 - 1923 General in the Mexican Revolution
Sabiha al Shaykh Da ud Sabiha al Shaykh Da ud 1912 - 1975 Poet and activist for Kurdish language and culture
Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan 1835 - 1909 the first Zayed of Abu Dhabi
Bernard de Montfaucon Bernard de Montfaucon 1655 - 1741 Paleographer and archaeologist
Frederik Christian Jakobsen Kiaerskou Frederik Christian Jakobsen Kiaerskou 1805 - 1891 Landscape painter
Ion Minulescu Ion Minulescu 1881 - 1944 poet, playwright, journalist
Lauw Giok Lan Lauw Giok Lan 1883 - 1953 Journalist and writer,founder of Sin Po newspaper
Christian Michelsen Christian Michelsen 1857 - 1925 Prime minister of Norway
La Thoai Tan La Thoai Tan 1937 - 2008 Actor, Director
Mohammed Rafi Mohammed Rafi 1924 - 1980 Playback singer and musician
Raden Mochtar Raden Mochtar 1918 - 1997 Actor
Nasir Durrani Nasir Durrani 1957 - 2021 Police officer and former Inspector General
Antonio Carlos Jobim Antonio Carlos Jobim 1927 - 1994 Composer of bossa nova and Latin jazz
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Tryphon Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Tryphon -182 - -116 King of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt
Harold Macmillan Harold Macmillan 1894 - 1986 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1957-1963)
Bhim Singh Bhim Singh 1924 - 1978 Film director, producer, editor, and writer
Saadat Hasan Manto Saadat Hasan Manto 1912 - 1955 Short story writer
Feng Youlan Feng Youlan 1895 - 1990 Philosopher, historian, and writer
Maurice Chevalier Maurice Chevalier 1888 - 1972 French musical-comedy star and entertainer
Geo Dumitrescu Geo Dumitrescu 1920 - 2004 Poet and Translator
Wu Dacheng Wu Dacheng 1835 - 1902 Collector, politician, governor, author, artist
Fatima Ali Fatima Ali 1989 - 2019 Chef, restaurateur and television personality
Khairallah Assar Khairallah Assar 1935 - 2015 Professor of sociology at the University of Annaba
Ion Luca Caragiale Ion Luca Caragiale 1852 - 1912 Playwright
Ulrike Meinhof Ulrike Meinhof 1934 - 1976 Left-wing journalist
Trille Trille 1945 - 2016 Singer and musician
Barry Fitzgerald Barry Fitzgerald 1888 - 1961 Actor
Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni 1887 - 1990 Imperial prince and army general
Nguyen Sa Nguyen Sa 1932 - 1998 Poet
Lo Hsiang lin Lo Hsiang lin 1906 - 1978 Historian and educator
Mehmed VI Mehmed VI 1861 - 1926 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam
Ahmet Ertegun Ahmet Ertegun 1923 - 2006 Co-founder and president of Atlantic Records
Tadamichi Kuribayashi Tadamichi Kuribayashi 1891 - 1945 Commander of the Japanese garrison at the Battle
Frank Kelly Frank Kelly 1938 - 2016 Actor and comedian
Halim Barakat Halim Barakat 1936 - 2023 Arab sociologist and novelist
Djuanda Kartawidjaja Djuanda Kartawidjaja 1911 - 1963 Prime Minister of Indonesia
Franciszek Pieczka Franciszek Pieczka 1928 - 2022 Film and stage actor
Wan Waithayakon Wan Waithayakon 1891 - 1976 Diplomat, UN General Assembly President
Primoz Ramovs Primoz Ramovs 1921 - 1999 Composer
Carlos Wiesse Portocarrero Carlos Wiesse Portocarrero 1859 - 1945 scholar, historian
Thai Thanh Thai Thanh 1934 - 2020 Singer
Zinaida Serebriakova Zinaida Serebriakova 1884 - 1967 Russian and French painter
Vace Zela Vace Zela 1939 - 2014 Singer and soprano
Anwarul Haq Anwarul Haq 1917 - 1995 Chief Justice of Pakistan and member
Ian Fraser Kilmister Ian Fraser Kilmister 1945 - 2015 Musician, singer, songwriter
Han Yongun Han Yongun 1879 - 1944 Buddhist reformer
Edith Rode Edith Rode 1879 - 1956 Novelist and journalist
Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia 1772 - 1806 Soldier and musician
MUnir Ozkul MUnir Ozkul 1925 - 2018 Theater and cinema actor
Necmettin Erbakan Necmettin Erbakan 1926 - 2011 Prime minister of Turkey
Antoine de Saint-Exupery Antoine de Saint-Exupery 1900 - 1944 Author of The Little Prince
Lor Tok Lor Tok 1914 - 2002 Comedian, Actor
Yannis Ritsos Yannis Ritsos 1909 - 1990 Poet and activist
Nico Minardos Nico Minardos 1930 - 2011 Actor and producer
Oguz Atay Oguz Atay 1934 - 1977 Pioneer of the modern novel in Turkey
Simon McTavish Simon McTavish 1750 - 1804 Founding partner of the North West Company
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan 1948 - 1997 Singer and master of Qawwali style
Irina Baldina Irina Baldina 1922 - 2009 Painter
Naimatullah Khan Naimatullah Khan 1930 - 2020 Mayor of Karachi
Marie Laforet Marie Laforet 1939 - 2019 Singer and actress
Sultan Husayn Bayqara Sultan Husayn Bayqara 1438 - 1506 Timurid Sultan
Bhupen Khakhar Bhupen Khakhar 1934 - 2003 India's first Pop artist
Otto the Great Otto the Great 912 - 973 Holy Roman Emperor and King of Germany
Nicole Stephane Nicole Stephane 1923 - 2007 Actress, producer and director
Eunice Munoz Eunice Munoz 1928 - 2022 Actress
Ojo Arowosafe Ojo Arowosafe 1957 - 2023 Nollywood actor and filmmaker
Ismail Gulgee Ismail Gulgee 1926 - 2007 Painter and sculptor
Luo Zhenyu Luo Zhenyu 1866 - 1940 Classical scholar and epigrapher
Eduardo Rosales Eduardo Rosales 1836 - 1873 Painter of the early Baroque period
Wilhelm Wundt Wilhelm Wundt 1832 - 1920 Founder of experimental psychology, Structuralism
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1882 - 1945 President of the United States
Yellapragada Subbarow Yellapragada Subbarow 1895 - 1948 Biochemist and researcher
Rolv Wesenlund Rolv Wesenlund 1936 - 2013 Comedian, singer, clarinetist, writer and actor
Aziz Herawi Aziz Herawi 1952 - 2011 Musician
Robin Gibb Robin Gibb 1949 - 2012 Singer, songwriter and member of the Bee Gees
Rifat Chadirji Rifat Chadirji 1926 - 2020 Father of modern Iraqi architecture
Janusz Kupcewicz Janusz Kupcewicz 1955 - 2022 Midfielder
Moctezuma II Moctezuma II 1466 - 1520 ninth emperor of the Aztec Empire
Nils Aas Nils Aas 1933 - 2004 Abstract sculpture
Antonio Lopes Ribeiro Antonio Lopes Ribeiro 1908 - 1995 Film director
Kartini Kartini 1879 - 1904 Activist for women's rights and education
Ernst Lubitsch Ernst Lubitsch 1892 - 1947 Film director, producer, writer, actor
Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont 1861 - 1922 British royal family member by marriage
Carlos Carmo Carlos Carmo 1939 - 2021 Fado singer
Mark Antokolski Mark Antokolski 1843 - 1902 Cityscapes and landscapes
Nishikant Kamat Nishikant Kamat 1970 - 2020 Director of Drishyam and Madaari
Corneliu Zelea Codreanu Corneliu Zelea Codreanu 1899 - 1938 Politician
Pierre Guerin de Tencin Pierre Guerin de Tencin 1679 - 1758 Cardinal, archbishop of Lyon, and anti-Jansenist
Francisco Vinas Francisco Vinas 1863 - 1933 Operatic tenor
Malika Pukhraj Malika Pukhraj 1912 - 2004 Ghazal singer and folk singer
Morley Safer Morley Safer 1931 - 2016 Broadcast journalist, reporter and correspondent
Kiichiro Toyoda Kiichiro Toyoda 1894 - 1952 Founder and CEO of Toyota Motor Corporation
Farouk I Farouk I 1920 - 1965 King of Egypt and the Sudan
Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler 1571 - 1630 Astronomer and mathematician
Vasily Tropinin Vasily Tropinin 1776 - 1857 Romantic painter
Americo Amorim Americo Amorim 1934 - 2017 Cork industry leader
Louis Hippolyte Menard Louis Hippolyte Menard 1807 - 1864 Premier
Roh Tae-woo Roh Tae-woo 1932 - 2021 Politician and army general
Obaidullah Aleem Obaidullah Aleem 1939 - 1998 Poet and activist who opposed martial law
Lala Jagat Narain Lala Jagat Narain 1899 - 1981 Editor, founder of Hind Samachar media group
Huynh Sanh Thong Huynh Sanh Thong 1926 - 2008 Translator
Li Fu Lee Li Fu Lee 1904 - 1985 Electrical engineer and teacher
Claude La Colombiere Claude La Colombiere 1641 - 1682 Priest and confessor of Margaret Mary Alacoque
Jean-Baptiste Henri-Dominique Lacordaire Jean-Baptiste Henri-Dominique Lacordaire 1802 - 1861 Preacher, theologian, political activist
Lu Zhengxiang Lu Zhengxiang 1871 - 1949 Premier of the Republic of China
Fathallah Saqqal Fathallah Saqqal 1898 - 1970 Attorney and government minister
Wassily Kandinsky Wassily Kandinsky 1866 - 1944 Painter of abstract art
Bozidar Kantuser Bozidar Kantuser 1921 - 1999 Composer
Alfred Dreyfus Alfred Dreyfus 1929 - 1978 Singer and actor
Naba Kishore Das Naba Kishore Das 1962 - 2023 Minister of Health and Family Welfare of Odisha
Zheng Zhengqiu Zheng Zhengqiu 1889 - 1935 Film writer and director
Mohammed Fawehinmi Mohammed Fawehinmi 1969 - 2021 Lawyer and human rights activist
George Stephenson George Stephenson 1781 - 1848 Railroad locomotive inventor
Sara Suleri Goodyear Sara Suleri Goodyear 1953 - 2022 Author, professor of English
Giuseppe Garibaldi Giuseppe Garibaldi 1807 - 1882 General
Jens Bjorneboe Jens Bjorneboe 1920 - 1976 Author, painter, Waldorf school teacher
Jean de Labadie Jean de Labadie 1610 - 1674 Founder of the Labadists
Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi 1894 - 1972 Founder of Paneuropean Union
Agus Salim Agus Salim 1884 - 1954 Minister of Foreign Affairs
Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg 1772 - 1801 Romantic poet and philosopher
Constantine I Constantine I 272 - 337 Roman emperor and Christian convert
Frank Moorhouse Frank Moorhouse 1938 - 2022 Writer and essayist
Emperor Sakuramachi Emperor Sakuramachi 1720 - 1750 Emperor of Japan from 1735 to 1747
Izumo no Okuni Izumo no Okuni 1578 - 1613 Founder of kabuki theatre
Kristo Luarasi Kristo Luarasi 1876 - 1934 Printer and publisher
Hana Kimura Hana Kimura 1997 - 2020 Professional wrestler
Mohammad Ali Jinnah Mohammad Ali Jinnah 1876 - 1948 Founder and first governor-general of Pakistan
Miron Constantinescu Miron Constantinescu 1917 - 1974 Politician, Sociologist
Selim III Selim III 1761 - 1808 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Petru Mocanu Petru Mocanu 1931 - 2016 Mathematician
Edogawa Ranpo Edogawa Ranpo 1894 - 1965 Mystery and thriller writer
Wang Fuchun Wang Fuchun 1943 - 2021 Train photographer
Martin Luther King Jr Martin Luther King Jr 1929 - 1968
Dragotin Kette Dragotin Kette 1876 - 1899 Poet
Ignaz Semmelweis Ignaz Semmelweis 1818 - 1865 Discovering the cause of puerperal fever
Folabi Olumide Folabi Olumide 1936 - 2021 first Vice-Chancellor of Lagos State University
Gheorghe Titeica Gheorghe Titeica 1873 - 1939 Mathematician
Abdul Hafeez Kardar Abdul Hafeez Kardar 1925 - 1996 Cricketer and politician
Kamtorn Sanidwong Kamtorn Sanidwong 1925 - 2000 Music Educator
Creat A Memorial Profile

Top 10 Died Influential People

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  • 1. Ahmad Mallah, Haji

    Died: 1969 A.D
    Slogan: Quran is the word of God, the light of guidance,the source of wisdom, and the fountain of knowledge.

    Ahmad Mallah, Haji was a Sindhi poet and translator of the Quran. He was born in a village called Kundi in Badin District, Sindh, in 1877. His father was Nangio Mallah, a farmer and a religious scholar. Ahmad Mallah received his early education from his father and then from various teachers in Sindh. He learned Arabic, Persian, Urdu and English languages. He also studied Islamic sciences and literature. He was a moderate Islamic scholar and a follower of the Chishti Sufi order. He wrote poetry in Sindhi and Urdu languages, and also translated some Persian and Arabic works into Sindhi. His most famous and remarkable work is his poetic translation of the Quran in Sindhi language, which he completed in 1958. He named it Noor-ul-Quran (The Light of the Quran). It is considered to be the first and the best poetic translation of the Quran in Sindhi language. It is also a masterpiece of Sindhi poetry and literature. He also wrote a commentary on his translation, explaining the meanings and interpretations of the Quranic verses. He died in 1969 and was buried in Badin.

    Ahmad Mallah, Haji Profile

  • 2. Lars Kruse

    Died: 1894 A.D
    Slogan: Humble in speech, proud in deed, Christian in action, man in his boat.

    Lars Kruse was born in Skagen, Denmark, on 5 June 1828. He was the son of Johan Hinrich Jes Kruse, a Danish school founder, and his wife Anna Magdalene Christine Becker. He started fishing at an early age and participated in many rescue attempts off the dangerous shores of Skagen. One of his most famous rescues was on 27 December 1862, when he saved the crew of the Swedish brig Daphne, after the lifeboat had capsized and killed eight of its crew. He was appointed as the head of lifesaving in Skagen and received several medals and honors from Denmark and other countries for his bravery and service. He also inspired the painter Michael Ancher, who portrayed him in several works. He married twice and had three children. He drowned on 9 March 1894, while trying to land his boat in a snowstorm. He was buried at Skagen Cemetery with a memorial stone bearing the words of Holger Drachmann: Here lies under the sand of the dune A brave sailor's bones But Skagen's reef and shoals Recognize their duty And sing of Lars Kruse's life A loud heroic poem.

    Lars Kruse Profile

  • 3. Ahmadu Bello

    Died: 1966 A.D
    Slogan: Work and worship

    Ahmadu Bello was a conservative Nigerian statesman who masterminded Northern Nigeria through the independence of Nigeria in 1960 and served as its first and only premier from 1954 until his assassination in 1966. He was also the leader of the Northern People's Congress, the ruling party at the time consisting of the Hausa–Fulani elite. He had previously been elected into the regional legislature and later became a government minister. A member of the Sokoto Caliphate dynasty, he made attempts at becoming Sultan of Sokoto before later joining politics. He was a descendant of Uthman dan Fodio, the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, and a grandson of Sultan Atiku na Raba. He received Islamic education at home, where he learnt the Qur'an, Islamic jurisprudence and the traditions of Muhammad. He later attended Sokoto Provincial School and the Katsina Training College (now Barewa College). During his school days, he was known as Ahmadu Rabah. He finished school in 1931 and subsequently became the English teacher in Sokoto Middle School. In 1934, Bello was made the District Head of Rabah by Sultan Hassan dan Mu'azu, succeeding his brother. In 1938, he was promoted to the position of Divisional Head of Gusau and became a member of the Sultan's council. In 1938, at the age of just 28, he made attempts to become the Sultan of Sokoto but was not successful, losing to Sir Siddiq Abubakar III who reigned for 50 years until his death in 1988. The new Sultan immediately made Sir Ahmadu Bello the Sardauna (Crown Prince) of Sokoto, a chieftaincy title, and promoted him to the Sokoto Native Authority Council. These titles automatically made him the Chief Political Adviser to the Sultan. Later, he was put in charge of the Sokoto Province to oversee 47 districts and by 1944, he was back at the Sultan's Palace to work as the Chief Secretary of the State Native Administration. He entered politics in 1949 as a member of the Northern House of Assembly and a representative of the Sokoto Native Authority. In 1951, he was elected to the House of Representatives in Lagos as a member of the Northern People's Congress (NPC), a party that he helped to form. He became the first Premier of Northern Nigeria in 1954. He was a strong advocate of the modernization and unity of Northern Nigeria, and he opposed the secessionist agenda of some southern politicians. He worked to improve the education, health, agriculture, and infrastructure of the region. He also supported the establishment of the Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, the second largest university in Africa. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1959. He was assassinated on 15 January 1966 in a military coup led by Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu, an Igbo officer. He died alongside his wife, Hafsatu, and his aide, Ahmed Ben Musa. He was buried in Sokoto, and his tomb is a national monument. He is widely revered in Northern Nigeria as a visionary leader and a symbol of the region's identity and history.

    Ahmadu Bello Profile

  • 4. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

    Died: 1948 A.D
    Slogan: Be the change that you wish to see in the world.

    Bapu, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was one of the most influential figures in the history of India and the world. He was born on 2 October 1869 in Porbandar, a coastal town in Gujarat. His father was the chief minister of Porbandar state and his mother was a devout Hindu. He was married to Kasturba Gandhi at the age of 13 and had four sons with her. Bapu studied law in London and became a barrister in 1891. He then moved to South Africa to work as a lawyer for the Indian community there. He faced racial discrimination and injustice in South Africa and began to protest against them using nonviolent methods. He founded the Natal Indian Congress and led campaigns for civil rights and political representation for Indians. He also developed his concept of Satyagraha, or truth force, which was based on non-cooperation, civil disobedience, and peaceful resistance. Bapu returned to India in 1915 and joined the Indian National Congress, a political party that sought to end British colonial rule in India. He became the leader of the Congress in 1921 and launched several mass movements to challenge the British authority. Some of his famous campaigns were the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922), the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934), and the Quit India Movement (1942-1945). He also led the historic Dandi Salt March in 1930, where he and thousands of his followers defied the British salt tax by making their own salt from seawater. Bapu was not only a political leader but also a social reformer and a spiritual guide. He advocated for the upliftment of the poor, the oppressed, and the untouchables. He promoted swadeshi or self-reliance by encouraging Indians to spin their own cloth from khadi or hand-spun cotton. He also preached ahimsa or non-violence as a way of life and a means of achieving harmony among different religions and communities. Bapu played a crucial role in securing India's independence from British rule in 1947. However, he was deeply saddened by the partition of India and Pakistan along religious lines and the violence that followed. He tried to stop the communal riots and appealed for peace and brotherhood. He was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist who blamed him for appeasing Muslims. Bapu's last words were Hey Ram or Oh God. Bapu is widely regarded as the Father of the Nation in India and is revered as a symbol of peace, truth, and non-violence across the world. His birthday, 2 October, is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti in India and as the International Day of Non-Violence by the United Nations. His life and teachings have inspired many leaders and movements for freedom, justice, and human rights around the globe.

    Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Profile

  • 5. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

    Died: 1938 A.D
    Slogan: Peace at home, peace in the world

    Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was a Turkish soldier, statesman, and reformer who is widely regarded as the founder of the modern Republic of Turkey. He rose to prominence as a military commander in the Ottoman army during World War I, where he successfully defended the Gallipoli peninsula against the Allied invasion. After the war, he led the Turkish War of Independence against the occupying forces of the victorious powers. He established a provisional government in Ankara and repelled the Greek forces that aimed to annex western Anatolia. He abolished the Ottoman monarchy and proclaimed the Republic of Turkey in 1923, becoming its first president. He embarked on a series of radical reforms that transformed Turkey into a secular and westernized nation-state, with a new alphabet, civil code, education system, and women's rights. He also promoted Turkish nationalism and cultural identity, while suppressing Kurdish and other ethnic minorities. He is revered by many Turks as the "Father of the Turks" and the "Great Leader", and his mausoleum in Ankara is a national symbol. He is also widely respected internationally as a visionary leader and a military genius. He died of liver cirrhosis in 1938, leaving behind a lasting legacy of modernization and secularism.

    Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Profile

  • 6. Kim Jong-hyun

    Died: 2017 A.D
    Slogan: Even though we can't communicate using the same language, we use music instead.

    Kim Jong-hyun was born on April 8, 1990, in Seoul, South Korea. He developed an interest in music from a young age and joined a school band in middle school. He was scouted by SM Entertainment in 2005, after performing in a song festival with his band. He debuted as the main vocalist of the boy group SHINee in 2008, and quickly rose to fame as one of the most popular and talented singers in the K-pop industry. He also participated in SM Entertainment's project group, SM the Ballad, and collaborated with various artists. He started his solo career in 2015, with the release of his first EP, Base, which topped the Billboard World Albums Chart and the Gaon Album Chart. He followed it up with a compilation album, Story Op.1, in the same year. His first studio album, She Is, was released in 2016, and his second compilation album, Story Op.2, was released in 2017. He also held several solo concert tours, showcasing his versatility and creativity as an artist. He was praised for his artistic control and involvement in the creation of his music, as well as his vocal skills and emotional expression. He was also a radio host, an author, and an advocate for mental health and social issues. He wrote a book titled Skeleton Flower: Things That Have Been Released and Set Free, which contained his personal stories and song lyrics. He also supported various causes, such as the Sewol Ferry disaster victims, the Comfort Women, and the LGBT community. He was known for his kind and gentle personality, and his close relationships with his family, friends, and fans. He died on December 18, 2017, at the age of 27, after committing suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning. He left a note that revealed his struggle with depression and loneliness. His death shocked and saddened the whole world, and sparked a conversation about the importance of mental health awareness and support. His final album, Poet | Artist, was released posthumously on January 23, 2018, and all the profits were donated to his mother and a charity foundation. His music and legacy continue to inspire and touch many people's lives.

    Kim Jong-hyun Profile

  • 7. Albert Einstein

    Died: 1955 A.D
    Slogan: The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible.

    Albert Einstein was one of the most influential and renowned physicists of the 20th century. He was born in Ulm, Germany, on March 14, 1879, to a Jewish family. He showed an early interest in mathematics and physics, but had difficulty with the rigid schooling system. He moved to Switzerland in 1895 and enrolled in the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich, where he met his first wife, Mileva Marić, a fellow physics student. He graduated in 1900 with a diploma in physics, but had trouble finding an academic position. He worked as a patent clerk in Bern from 1902 to 1909, while pursuing his own research in his spare time. In 1905, he published four groundbreaking papers on the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, special relativity, and mass-energy equivalence, which earned him the reputation of a scientific genius. He received his PhD from the University of Zurich in 1905, and became a lecturer at the University of Bern in 1908. He moved to Prague in 1911 as a full professor, and then returned to Zurich in 1912 as a professor of theoretical physics. In 1914, he accepted a prestigious position at the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, where he worked until 1933. He also became a German citizen in 1914, but renounced it in 1933 when Adolf Hitler came to power. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect, and his contributions to theoretical physics. He developed the general theory of relativity, a more comprehensive theory of gravity, between 1907 and 1915, which was confirmed by the observation of the bending of light by the Sun during a solar eclipse in 1919. He also made significant contributions to quantum mechanics, cosmology, statistical mechanics, and the unified field theory. He was a pacifist and a humanitarian, who advocated for social justice, civil rights, and nuclear disarmament. He was a supporter of the Zionist movement, and was offered the presidency of Israel in 1952, which he politely declined. He moved to the United States in 1933, where he joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He became an American citizen in 1940, and remained at Princeton until his death. He was involved in the Manhattan Project, which developed the atomic bomb, but later regretted his role and warned of the dangers of nuclear weapons. He died of an abdominal aortic aneurysm on April 18, 1955, at the age of 76, in Princeton Hospital. He left behind a legacy of scientific discoveries and insights that have shaped our understanding of the universe and inspired generations of scientists and thinkers.

    Albert Einstein Profile

  • 8. Guangzong

    Died: 1200 A.D
    Slogan: To inherit the auspiciousness

    Guangzong was the 12th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the third emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He was the third son of his predecessor, Emperor Xiaozong. His mother was Emperor Xiaozong's first wife, Lady Guo, who was posthumously honoured as "Empress Chengmu". His reign was relatively peaceful, but his lack of filial piety eventually made officials replace him with his son Emperor Ningzong. Guangzong suffered from bipolar disorder or severe neurosis since his childhood, but he was reportedly filial to his father. He was crowned as the heir apparent in 1168 and succeeded his father in 1189. He named his reign "Shaoxi", meaning "to inherit the auspiciousness". He also renamed the city of Chongqing, meaning "double celebration", to commemorate his coronation and his father's abdication. Guangzong was influenced by his wife Empress Li Fengniang, who became notorious in Chinese history for being ruthless and shrewd, and for ruling the state through her husband, who became known as a "henpecked weakling" dominated by his wife. Guangzong neglected his duties and indulged in drinking and pleasure. He also listened to some treacherous officials and dismissed the popular military leader Xin Qiji. He alienated his father and even refused to perform state funeral rites when the retired emperor died, which shocked the court. In 1194, Guangzong fell ill and became mentally unstable. He was unable to handle state affairs and was controlled by Empress Li and her brother Li Sheng. The court officials were dissatisfied with the situation and plotted to depose Guangzong. In 1195, they forced Guangzong to abdicate in favor of his eldest son Zhao Kuo, who became Emperor Ningzong. Guangzong was given the title of "Retired Emperor" and lived in seclusion until his death in 1200. He was buried in Yongchong Mausoleum in present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang.

    Guangzong Profile

  • 9. Stephen the Great

    Died: 1504 A.D
    Slogan: Faithful to God and my people

    Stephen III, known as Stephen the Great, was the Voivode of Moldavia from 1457 to 1504. He is celebrated for strengthening Moldavia's statehood and maintaining its independence against the ambitions of Hungary, Poland, and the Ottoman Empire. He was victorious in thirty-four of his thirty-six battles and was one of the first to win a decisive victory over the Ottomans at the Battle of Vaslui. His reign is marked by numerous military campaigns and the construction of many churches, earning him the title 'Athleta Christi' by Pope Sixtus IV.

    Stephen the Great Profile

  • 10. Robert Gordon Menzies

    Died: 1978 A.D
    Slogan: It is better to be defeated on principle than to win on lies.

    Robert Menzies was a prominent Australian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th prime minister of Australia for a total of over 18 years, making him the longest-serving prime minister in Australian history. He held office twice, first from 1939 to 1941 and then from 1949 to 1966. He was also the leader of the United Australia Party (UAP) in his first term and the founder and leader of the Liberal Party of Australia in his second term. Menzies was born in Jeparit, Victoria, on 20 December 1894. He was the fourth of five children of James Menzies, a storekeeper and politician, and Kate Sampson, a miner's daughter. He attended various schools in Ballarat and Melbourne before graduating with first-class honours in law from the University of Melbourne in 1916. He became a barrister in 1918 and quickly established himself as one of the leading lawyers in Victoria. He was appointed a King's Counsel in 1929, the youngest in Victoria at the time. Menzies entered politics in 1928 as a member of the Nationalist Party, which later became the UAP. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council and then to the Legislative Assembly, serving as Attorney-General and Minister for Railways. In 1934, he resigned from state politics and won the federal seat of Kooyong as a UAP candidate. He became Attorney-General and Minister for Industry in Joseph Lyons' government and was also deputy leader of the UAP from 1935. He resigned from cabinet in 1939 over a dispute about national insurance. Menzies became prime minister in April 1939 after Lyons died in office and Earle Page served as caretaker for 18 days. He led Australia into World War II and spent four months in England in 1941 to participate in Winston Churchill's war cabinet. However, he faced opposition from his coalition partner, the Country Party, and from some members of his own party. He lost the confidence of his party and resigned as prime minister in August 1941. He was succeeded by Arthur Fadden, who lasted only 40 days before being replaced by John Curtin of the Labor Party. Menzies remained as leader of the UAP until 1943, when he lost his seat at the federal election. He then helped to create a new conservative party, the Liberal Party of Australia, which he became the inaugural leader of in August 1945. He led the opposition against Curtin's successor, Ben Chifley, until he won the federal election in December 1949. He formed a coalition government with the Country Party and returned as prime minister. Menzies' second term as prime minister lasted for over 16 years, during which he won seven consecutive elections. He presided over a period of economic growth, social stability, immigration expansion, higher education development, national security policies, and international alliances. He strengthened Australia's ties with Britain and the United States, supported the creation of NATO and SEATO, signed the ANZUS Treaty and the Colombo Plan, sent troops to Korea, Malaya, and Vietnam, recognised Israel and Japan as sovereign states, opposed communism and apartheid, promoted British Commonwealth cooperation, and supported constitutional reform. Menzies retired as prime minister in January 1966 at the age of 71. He was succeeded by Harold Holt, who drowned a year later. Menzies remained active in public life until his death in May 1978. He wrote several books, gave lectures, served as chancellor of the University of Melbourne, and was involved in various cultural and educational organisations. He was knighted in 1963 and received many honours and awards, both in Australia and abroad. He was widely regarded as one of the most influential and respected figures in Australian history. Menzies was married to Pattie Maie Leckie, a journalist and political activist, from 1920 until her death in 1978. They had three children: Kenneth, Ian, and Heather. Menzies was a devout Presbyterian and a keen sportsman. He enjoyed cricket, golf, tennis, chess, and bridge. He was also fond of literature, music, art, and history. He had a distinctive voice and a sharp wit, which he used to great effect in his speeches and debates. He was known for his loyalty to his friends and his principles, as well as his ambition and determination. He was nicknamed "Ming" by his supporters and "Pig Iron Bob" by his critics.

    Robert Gordon Menzies Profile

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