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Dumitru Staniloae Dumitru Staniloae 1903 - 1993 Theologian
Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten 1900 - 1979 Naval commander, last Viceroy of India
Mahmud II Mahmud II 1785 - 1839 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Silvestre Revueltas Silvestre Revueltas 1899 - 1940 Classical music composer and conductor
Tran Thien Khiem Tran Thien Khiem 1925 - 2021 Prime Minister
Zelda D'Aprano Zelda D'Aprano 1928 - 2018 feminist activist and unionist
Goncalo Velho Goncalo Velho 1400 - 1460 Navigator and explorer of the West African coast
Kenji Mizoguchi Kenji Mizoguchi 1898 - 1956 Film director and screenwriter
Mahendran Mahendran 1939 - 2019 Film director, screenwriter and actor
Marielle Franco Marielle Franco 1979 - 2018 Councillor of Rio de Janeiro
Hiep Hoa Hiep Hoa 1847 - 1883 Emperor
Ragnhild Jolsen Ragnhild Jolsen 1875 - 1908 Author
Maurice Chevalier Maurice Chevalier 1888 - 1972 French musical-comedy star and entertainer
Qiao Renliang Qiao Renliang 1987 - 2016 Idol singer and actor
Vo Chi Cong Vo Chi Cong 1912 - 2011 Politician
Osinachi Nwachukwu Osinachi Nwachukwu 1979 - 2022 Gospel musician
Princess Feodora of Leiningen Princess Feodora of Leiningen 1802 - 1872 Queen Victoria's half-sister
Yan kit So Yan kit So 1933 - 2001 Food historian and cookbook author
Jorge Luis Borges Jorge Luis Borges 1899 - 1986 Short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator
Hyginus Hyginus 100 - 142 Bishop of Rome
Emperor Go-Mizunoo Emperor Go-Mizunoo 1596 - 1680 Emperor of Japan
Johan Jorgen Holst Johan Jorgen Holst 1937 - 1994 Minister of Defence and Foreign Affairs
Zerefeh Bashur Zerefeh Bashur 1884 - 1968 First female licensed physician in the Levant
Ch'oe Che-u Ch'oe Che-u 1824 - 1864 Founder of the Tonghak sect
Theophylact Simocatta Theophylact Simocatta -585 - -640 Byzantine historiographer
Catherine Hamlin Catherine Hamlin 1924 - 2020 Obstetrician and gynaecologist
Ana Carolina Reston Macan Ana Carolina Reston Macan 1985 - 2006 Model
Friedrich Ebert Friedrich Ebert 1871 - 1925 Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
Juan Garcia Ponce Juan Garcia Ponce 1932 - 2003 Novelist, essayist, translator, critic
Hakim Taniwal Hakim Taniwal 1946 - 2006 Governor of Paktia and Khost provinces
Klaus Nomi Klaus Nomi 1944 - 1983 New wave synthpop opera experimental baroque
Willem Frederik Willem Frederik 1772 - 1843 the first King of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
William the Conqueror William the Conqueror 1028 - 1087 King of England, Duke of Normandy,
Ernest Henry Shackleton Ernest Henry Shackleton 1874 - 1922 Antarctic explorer
Mohammad Yaqub Khan Mohammad Yaqub Khan 1849 - 1923 Emir
Sri Bajarindra Sri Bajarindra 1864 - 1919 Queen Regent of Siam
Brendan Behan Brendan Behan 1923 - 1964 Writer and Irish Republican
Johan Borgen Johan Borgen 1902 - 1979 Novelist, short-story writer, dramatist
Ratchanee Sripraiwan Ratchanee Sripraiwan 1930 - 2014 Thai Language Scholar, Writer, Academic
Albert Ross Tilley Albert Ross Tilley 1904 - 1988 Plastic surgeon and war hero
Guadalupe Duenas Guadalupe Duenas 1910 - 2002 Short story writer and essayist
Mihail Sadoveanu Mihail Sadoveanu 1880 - 1961 Novelist
Aleksandr Kharchikov Aleksandr Kharchikov 1949 - 2023 Folk singer-songwriter
Nazia Hassan Nazia Hassan 1965 - 2000 Pop singer and songwriter
Octav Mayer Octav Mayer 1895 - 1966 Mathematician
Mahmoud Fawzi Mahmoud Fawzi 1900 - 1981 Foreign minister and prime minister of Egypt
Sa'id al-Afghani Sa'id al-Afghani 1911 - 1997 Professor of Arabic language and literature
Emad Zaki Yehya Emad Zaki Yehya 1955 - 2016 Petroleum consultant, author, professor
Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov 1806 - 1858 Painter of historical and religious subjects
Ivo Urbancic Ivo Urbancic 1930 - 2016 Philosopher
Ralph Henry Baer Ralph Henry Baer 1922 - 2014 Inventor of the first home video game console
Bert Kaempfert Bert Kaempfert 1923 - 1980 Orchestra leader, music producer
Shirley Rose Eikhard Shirley Rose Eikhard 1955 - 2022 Singer, Songwriter
Alexandru Ciurcu Alexandru Ciurcu 1854 - 1922 Inventor
Mohammad Baqir al Hakim Mohammad Baqir al Hakim 1939 - 2003 Leader of the Supreme Council
Louis B. Mayer Louis B. Mayer 1884 - 1957 Co-founder of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios
Lili Damita Lili Damita 1904 - 1994 actress and singer
Sait Faik Abasiyanik Sait Faik Abasiyanik 1906 - 1954 Short story writer
Jozef Noji Jozef Noji 1909 - 1943 Long-distance runner
Liaquat Ali Khan Liaquat Ali Khan 1895 - 1951 First prime minister of Pakistan
Ingrid Aune Ingrid Aune 1985 - 2019 Mayor of Malvik
Omar Khayyam Omar Khayyam 1048 - 1131 Peripatetic philosophy, astronomy, alchemy, poetry
Vibeke Skofterud Vibeke Skofterud 1980 - 2018 Cross-country skier
Mohammad Musa Shafiq Mohammad Musa Shafiq 1932 - 1979 Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Afghanistan
Peder Balke Peder Balke 1804 - 1887 Painter of Northern Light
Jacques Offenbach Jacques Offenbach 1819 - 1880 Operetta pioneer
Emperor Antoku Emperor Antoku 1178 - 1185 81st emperor of Japan
Victor Babes Victor Babes 1854 - 1926 Microbiologist
Basilio Martin Patino Basilio Martin Patino 1930 - 2017 Film director, documentary maker, screenwriter
Sara Montiel Sara Montiel 1928 - 2013 Actress and singer of Spanish cinema
Josip Vidmar Josip Vidmar 1895 - 1992 Literary Critic
Charles Bukowski Charles Bukowski 1920 - 1994 Poet, novelist, short story writer, columnist
Ashikaga Takauji Ashikaga Takauji 1305 - 1358 Shogun and founder of the Ashikaga shogunate
Hermilio Valdizan Hermilio Valdizan 1885 - 1929 Psychiatrist
Maurits Hansen Maurits Hansen 1794 - 1842 Writer and teacher
Naji al Jerf Naji al Jerf 1977 - 2015 Documentary filmmaker
Peter Keaston Reith Peter Keaston Reith 1950 - 2022 former deputy leader of the Liberal Party
Abiola Ajimobi Abiola Ajimobi 1949 - 2020 Governor of Oyo State
Giuseppe Verdi Giuseppe Verdi 1813 - 1901 Opera composer
Anna Marie Johanne Sophie Holten Anna Marie Johanne Sophie Holten 1858 - 1930 Portraits, flower paintings and genre works
Jorge Basadre Jorge Basadre 1903 - 1980 Historian
Genda Minoru Genda Minoru 1904 - 1989 Planner of the Pearl Harbor attack
Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman 1888 - 1970 Nobel laureate for work on light scattering
Gretl Braun Gretl Braun 1915 - 1987 Sister of Eva Braun
Bartolomeu Dias Bartolomeu Dias 1450 - 1500 Navigator and explorer
Donald Metcalf Donald Metcalf 1929 - 2014 Discoverer of hormones
Martim Afonso de Sousa Martim Afonso de Sousa 1500 - 1564 First colonizer of Brazil
Phan Dinh Phung Phan Dinh Phung 1847 - 1896 Revolutionary Leader
Dmitry Bogrov Dmitry Bogrov 1887 - 1911 Lawyer
Jani Vreto Jani Vreto 1822 - 1900 founder of the Society for the Publication
Farooq Sheikh Farooq Sheikh 1948 - 2013 Actor, film producer, and television presenter
Osmund of Salisbury Osmund of Salisbury 1030 - 1099 Bishop of Salisbury and Lord Chancellor of England
Guadalupe Victoria Guadalupe Victoria 1786 - 1843 President of Mexico
Qahar Asi Qahar Asi 1956 - 1994 Poet, Agriculturist
Ziya Gokalp Ziya Gokalp 1876 - 1924 Sociologist, writer, poet, and politician
Khairy Alzahaby Khairy Alzahaby 1946 - 2022 Novelist, thinker, historian, columnist
William IV William IV 1765 - 1837 King of the United Kingdom and Hanover
Manea Manescu Manea Manescu 1916 - 2009 Prime Minister
Mitch Cronin Mitch Cronin 1992 - 2020 Rugby league player for Wynnum Manly Seagulls
Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia 1772 - 1806 Soldier and musician
Chavalert Chumkum Chavalert Chumkum 1940 - 2000 Badminton Player
Carmen Salinas Carmen Salinas 1939 - 2021 Actress, impressionist, comedian, politician
Victoria Mountbatten, Marchioness of Milford Haven Victoria Mountbatten, Marchioness of Milford Haven 1863 - 1950 Royal family member and matriarch
Apidej Sit Hirun Apidej Sit Hirun 1941 - 2013 Muay Thai Fighter
Aziz Ullah Haidari Aziz Ullah Haidari 1968 - 2001 Reuters correspondent
Fab Melo Fab Melo 1990 - 2017 Professional basketball player
Radu Vasile Radu Vasile 1942 - 2013 Prime Minister
John Molson John Molson 1763 - 1836 Founder of Molson Brewery
Ishmeet Singh Ishmeet Singh 1988 - 2008 Playback singer and musician
Andrzej Ciechanowiecki Andrzej Ciechanowiecki 1924 - 2015 Art historian, art dealer, antique dealer
Joao Cesar Monteiro Joao Cesar Monteiro 1939 - 2003 Film director, actor, writer and film critic
Adebayo Adedeji Adebayo Adedeji 1930 - 2018 Executive Secretary of the UNECA
Michael Collins Michael Collins 1890 - 1922 Revolutionary leader
Rahim Bakhsh Rahim Bakhsh 1922 - 2002 Hindustani Classical Vocalist
Raphael I Bidawid Raphael I Bidawid 1922 - 2003 Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans
Amar Singh Chamkila Amar Singh Chamkila 1960 - 1988 Folk Singer and Songwriter
Alfredo D Escragnolle Taunay Alfredo D Escragnolle Taunay 1843 - 1899 Novelist and historian
Aleks Buda Aleks Buda 1910 - 1993 President of the Academy of Sciences
Anita Bitri Anita Bitri 1968 - 2004 Singer and violinist
Andrej Bajuk Andrej Bajuk 1943 - 2011 Politician
Duong Quynh Hoa Duong Quynh Hoa 1930 - 2006 Health Minister
Tan Cheng Lock Tan Cheng Lock 1883 - 1960 Founder and president of the Malayan Chinese
Kenneth MacMillan Kenneth MacMillan 1929 - 1992 Ballet choreographer and director
Ignatius Peter IV Ignatius Peter IV 1798 - 1894 Patriarch of Antioch and head
Ansgar Ansgar 801 - 865 Missionary and archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen
Alfred Dreyfus Alfred Dreyfus 1859 - 1935 Artillery officer
Prince George of Greece and Denmark Prince George of Greece and Denmark 1869 - 1957 High Commissioner of the Cretan State
Xiong Xiling Xiong Xiling 1870 - 1937 Premier of the Republic of China
Tawfiq al Suwaidi Tawfiq al Suwaidi 1892 - 1968 Prime Minister of Iraq
Viktor Chernomyrdin Viktor Chernomyrdin 1938 - 2010 Prime Minister of Russia and founder of Gazprom
Ergi Dini Ergi Dini 1994 - 2016 Singer and composer
Karl Friedrich Benz Karl Friedrich Benz 1844 - 1929 Automobile engineer and inventor
Janko Ravnik Janko Ravnik 1891 - 1981 Composer, Film Director
Constantin Dimitrescu Constantin Dimitrescu 1847 - 1928 Composer
Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz 1890 - 1963 Logic, semantics, philosophy of science
Shigeru Mizuki Shigeru Mizuki 1922 - 2015 Manga artist and historian
Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl 1885 - 1955 Mathematics, physics, philosophy
Dorab Patel Dorab Patel 1917 - 1995 Chief Justice of Pakistan and member
Al Hariri of Basra Al Hariri of Basra 1054 - 1122 Poet, scholar of the Arabic language, official
Felipe Carrillo Puerto Felipe Carrillo Puerto 1874 - 1924 Journalist, politician and revolutionary
Jian Youwen Jian Youwen 1896 - 1978 Historian, public official, and Methodist pastor
Charles Tran Van Lam Charles Tran Van Lam 1913 - 2001 Diplomat
Hile Mosi Hile Mosi 1885 - 1933 Poet and philologist
Stanislaw Barcewicz Stanislaw Barcewicz 1858 - 1929 Violinist, conductor and teacher
Yen Ngoc Do Yen Ngoc Do 1941 - 2006 Journalist
Chen Jiru Chen Jiru 1558 - 1639 Landscape painter, calligrapher and essayist
Juan Antonio Bardem Juan Antonio Bardem 1922 - 2002 Film director and screenwriter
Costica Acsinte Costica Acsinte 1897 - 1984 War photographer
Moyses Baumstein Moyses Baumstein 1931 - 1991 Artist, inventor, writer, filmmaker
Mahmud Shevket Pasha Mahmud Shevket Pasha 1856 - 1913 Ottoman generalissimo and grand vizier
Creat A Memorial Profile

Top 10 Died Influential People

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  • 1. Nicolaus Copernicus

    Died: 1543 A.D
    Slogan: Mathematics is written for mathematicians.

    Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance polymath who revolutionized astronomy by proposing that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the solar system. He also made contributions to mathematics, economics, medicine, and canon law. He studied at various universities in Poland and Italy, where he learned classical languages, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. He became a canon of the Warmian Cathedral chapter and a doctor of canon law. He also served as a diplomat, governor, and administrator for the church and the Polish king. He spent most of his life in Royal Prussia, a semi-autonomous region of the Kingdom of Poland. He wrote his magnum opus, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), in which he presented his heliocentric theory, over several decades. He delayed publishing it until 1543, the year of his death, fearing the criticism and controversy it would provoke. His book was banned by the Catholic Church and condemned by Protestant theologians, but it also inspired many later astronomers and scientists, such as Galileo, Kepler, Descartes, and Newton, who built on his ideas and developed the modern scientific worldview. Copernicus is widely regarded as one of the greatest astronomers and one of the fathers of modern science.

    Nicolaus Copernicus Profile

  • 2. Miyamoto Musashi

    Died: 1645 A.D
    Slogan: The way is in training.

    Miyamoto Musashi was a legendary Japanese swordsman, philosopher, strategist, writer, and rōnin. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest swordsmen in history, as well as a master of various arts and crafts. He lived during the late Sengoku and early Edo periods, a time of social and political turmoil in Japan. He spent most of his life wandering across the country, challenging and defeating numerous opponents in duels, honing his skills and developing his own style of swordsmanship. He also participated in several wars and battles, serving different lords and factions. He was never defeated in any of his 61 recorded duels, some of which were against multiple adversaries or renowned masters. Musashi's most famous duel was against Sasaki Kojirō, another prominent swordsman, in 1612. The duel took place on the island of Funajima, near Kokura. Musashi arrived late, and used a wooden sword that he carved from an oar on his way to the island. He struck Kojirō on the head with a single blow, killing him instantly. Musashi then swiftly left the island, without waiting for the formalities. This duel has been dramatized and fictionalized in many works of literature, art, and film. Musashi was also a prolific writer and a keen observer of nature and human behavior. He wrote several works on martial arts, strategy, and philosophy, most notably The Book of Five Rings (Go Rin No Sho), a treatise on the principles and practice of his Niten Ichi-ryū (Two Heavens as One) style of swordsmanship, which employs both the long and the short sword simultaneously. The book is divided into five chapters, each corresponding to one of the five elements: Earth, Water, Fire, Wind, and Void. It contains practical advice on tactics, techniques, and training, as well as metaphysical and ethical insights on the way of the warrior and the nature of reality. The book is considered a classic of military strategy and has influenced various fields and disciplines, such as business, politics, sports, and psychology. Musashi was also a talented artist and a versatile craftsman. He created many paintings, calligraphies, sculptures, and metalworks, often incorporating Zen and Buddhist motifs. He was especially skilled in painting birds and animals, using a minimalist and dynamic style. Some of his artworks are designated as national treasures or important cultural properties in Japan. He also designed and supervised the construction of the Akashi Castle in 1617, and the reconstruction of the Kumamoto Castle in 1637. Musashi spent his last years as a hermit in a cave called Reigandō, near Kumamoto. He continued to practice and refine his art, as well as to meditate and write. He died in 1645, at the age of 60 or 61, of what is believed to be thoracic cancer. He died peacefully, after completing his final work, The Path of Aloneness (Dokkōdō), a collection of 21 precepts on self-discipline and personal conduct. He was buried at the Musashizuka Park, where a memorial and a statue were erected in his honor. He is revered as a national hero and a cultural icon in Japan, and his legacy lives on in many forms of popular culture around the world.

    Miyamoto Musashi Profile

  • 3. Ahmadu Bello

    Died: 1966 A.D
    Slogan: Work and worship

    Ahmadu Bello was a conservative Nigerian statesman who masterminded Northern Nigeria through the independence of Nigeria in 1960 and served as its first and only premier from 1954 until his assassination in 1966. He was also the leader of the Northern People's Congress, the ruling party at the time consisting of the Hausa–Fulani elite. He had previously been elected into the regional legislature and later became a government minister. A member of the Sokoto Caliphate dynasty, he made attempts at becoming Sultan of Sokoto before later joining politics. He was a descendant of Uthman dan Fodio, the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, and a grandson of Sultan Atiku na Raba. He received Islamic education at home, where he learnt the Qur'an, Islamic jurisprudence and the traditions of Muhammad. He later attended Sokoto Provincial School and the Katsina Training College (now Barewa College). During his school days, he was known as Ahmadu Rabah. He finished school in 1931 and subsequently became the English teacher in Sokoto Middle School. In 1934, Bello was made the District Head of Rabah by Sultan Hassan dan Mu'azu, succeeding his brother. In 1938, he was promoted to the position of Divisional Head of Gusau and became a member of the Sultan's council. In 1938, at the age of just 28, he made attempts to become the Sultan of Sokoto but was not successful, losing to Sir Siddiq Abubakar III who reigned for 50 years until his death in 1988. The new Sultan immediately made Sir Ahmadu Bello the Sardauna (Crown Prince) of Sokoto, a chieftaincy title, and promoted him to the Sokoto Native Authority Council. These titles automatically made him the Chief Political Adviser to the Sultan. Later, he was put in charge of the Sokoto Province to oversee 47 districts and by 1944, he was back at the Sultan's Palace to work as the Chief Secretary of the State Native Administration. He entered politics in 1949 as a member of the Northern House of Assembly and a representative of the Sokoto Native Authority. In 1951, he was elected to the House of Representatives in Lagos as a member of the Northern People's Congress (NPC), a party that he helped to form. He became the first Premier of Northern Nigeria in 1954. He was a strong advocate of the modernization and unity of Northern Nigeria, and he opposed the secessionist agenda of some southern politicians. He worked to improve the education, health, agriculture, and infrastructure of the region. He also supported the establishment of the Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, the second largest university in Africa. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1959. He was assassinated on 15 January 1966 in a military coup led by Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu, an Igbo officer. He died alongside his wife, Hafsatu, and his aide, Ahmed Ben Musa. He was buried in Sokoto, and his tomb is a national monument. He is widely revered in Northern Nigeria as a visionary leader and a symbol of the region's identity and history.

    Ahmadu Bello Profile

  • 4. Agus Salim

    Died: 1954 A.D
    Slogan: The people's welfare is the highest law

    Agus Salim was born on 8 October 1884 in Koto Gadang, a village in North Sumatra. He was the eldest of nine children in a Batak Muslim family. He studied teaching at a school in Medan and then enrolled at a military academy in Bandung. He became a member of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, but following the Japanese invasion in 1942, he joined the Defenders of the Homeland, a Japanese-sponsored militia. After the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945, he enlisted in the fledgling Indonesian armed forces, and fought during the Indonesian National Revolution against the Dutch colonial forces. He rose to prominence as a charismatic and innovative leader, and in 1946, he was appointed commander of the Siliwangi Division, the guerrilla unit operating in West Java. He became known for his hit-and-run tactics, his loyalty to the republic, and his resistance to communist influence. He also developed the concept of territorial warfare, which involved mobilizing the local population to support the military effort. He was captured by the Dutch in 1949, but was released after the recognition of Indonesian sovereignty in 1950. He then became the chief of staff of the Indonesian Army, and later the commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. He was involved in several military and political conflicts, such as the Madiun Affair, the Darul Islam rebellion, the PRRI Permesta rebellion, the West New Guinea dispute, the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, and the 30 September Movement. He survived an assassination attempt during the latter, which was a failed coup attempt by a faction of the army led by communist sympathizers. He lost his position as the defense minister, but remained influential in the military and politics. He supported the rise of General Suharto, who took over the presidency from Sukarno in 1967. He became the speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly, the highest legislative body in the country, and held the position until 1972. He retired from politics in 1978, and spent his later years writing books and giving lectures. He died of a heart attack on 4 November 1954 in Jakarta, and was buried with full military honors at the Kalibata Heroes Cemetery. He is regarded as one of the founding fathers of the Indonesian military and a national hero.

    Agus Salim Profile

  • 5. Lars Kruse

    Died: 1894 A.D
    Slogan: Humble in speech, proud in deed, Christian in action, man in his boat.

    Lars Kruse was born in Skagen, Denmark, on 5 June 1828. He was the son of Johan Hinrich Jes Kruse, a Danish school founder, and his wife Anna Magdalene Christine Becker. He started fishing at an early age and participated in many rescue attempts off the dangerous shores of Skagen. One of his most famous rescues was on 27 December 1862, when he saved the crew of the Swedish brig Daphne, after the lifeboat had capsized and killed eight of its crew. He was appointed as the head of lifesaving in Skagen and received several medals and honors from Denmark and other countries for his bravery and service. He also inspired the painter Michael Ancher, who portrayed him in several works. He married twice and had three children. He drowned on 9 March 1894, while trying to land his boat in a snowstorm. He was buried at Skagen Cemetery with a memorial stone bearing the words of Holger Drachmann: Here lies under the sand of the dune A brave sailor's bones But Skagen's reef and shoals Recognize their duty And sing of Lars Kruse's life A loud heroic poem.

    Lars Kruse Profile

  • 6. Emperor Pedro II

    Died: 1891 A.D
    Slogan: May God grant me these last wishes – peace and prosperity for Brazil.

    Pedro II was the second and last emperor of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina. His father's abrupt abdication and departure to Europe in 1831 left the five-year-old as emperor and led to a grim and lonely childhood and adolescence, obliged to spend his time studying in preparation for rule. His experiences with court intrigues and political disputes during this period greatly affected his later character; he grew into a man with a strong sense of duty and devotion toward his country and his people, yet increasingly resentful of his role as monarch. Pedro II inherited an empire on the verge of disintegration, but he turned Brazil into an emerging power in the international arena. The nation grew to be distinguished from its Hispanic neighbors on account of its political stability, zealously guarded freedom of speech, respect for civil rights, vibrant economic growth, and form of government—a functional representative parliamentary monarchy. Brazil was also victorious in the Platine War, the Uruguayan War, and the Paraguayan War, as well as prevailing in several other international disputes and domestic tensions. Pedro II steadfastly pushed through the abolition of slavery despite opposition from powerful political and economic interests. A savant in his own right, the Emperor established a reputation as a vigorous sponsor of learning, culture, and the sciences, and he won the respect and admiration of people such as Charles Darwin, Victor Hugo, and Friedrich Nietzsche, and was a friend to Richard Wagner, Louis Pasteur, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, among others. He was married to Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, with whom he had four children, two of whom died in infancy. He was a devoted father and husband, and a cultured and well-read man. He was also a lover of nature and photography, and a patron of the arts and sciences. He was deposed by a military coup in 1889, which proclaimed Brazil a republic. He accepted the end of the monarchy without resistance and went into exile in Europe with his family. He died in Paris in 1891, at the age of 66, and his remains were later returned to Brazil with honors. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest Brazilian leaders and a champion of democracy, freedom, and progress.

    Emperor Pedro II Profile

  • 7. Vo Nguyen Giap

    Died: 2013 A.D
    Slogan: The people's army, the people's war.

    Võ Nguyên Giáp was a Vietnamese general and revolutionary leader who played a crucial role in the Viet Minh's victory over the French at Dien Bien Phu, which marked the end of French colonialism in Southeast Asia. He was also instrumental in the North Vietnamese victory over South Vietnam and the United States. Giáp was known for his strategic military tactics and his ability to inspire his troops. Despite facing personal tragedies, including the loss of his wife and sister-in-law to the French Sûreté, he remained committed to the cause of Vietnamese independence.

    Vo Nguyen Giap Profile

  • 8. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

    Died: 1948 A.D
    Slogan: Be the change that you wish to see in the world.

    Bapu, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was one of the most influential figures in the history of India and the world. He was born on 2 October 1869 in Porbandar, a coastal town in Gujarat. His father was the chief minister of Porbandar state and his mother was a devout Hindu. He was married to Kasturba Gandhi at the age of 13 and had four sons with her. Bapu studied law in London and became a barrister in 1891. He then moved to South Africa to work as a lawyer for the Indian community there. He faced racial discrimination and injustice in South Africa and began to protest against them using nonviolent methods. He founded the Natal Indian Congress and led campaigns for civil rights and political representation for Indians. He also developed his concept of Satyagraha, or truth force, which was based on non-cooperation, civil disobedience, and peaceful resistance. Bapu returned to India in 1915 and joined the Indian National Congress, a political party that sought to end British colonial rule in India. He became the leader of the Congress in 1921 and launched several mass movements to challenge the British authority. Some of his famous campaigns were the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922), the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934), and the Quit India Movement (1942-1945). He also led the historic Dandi Salt March in 1930, where he and thousands of his followers defied the British salt tax by making their own salt from seawater. Bapu was not only a political leader but also a social reformer and a spiritual guide. He advocated for the upliftment of the poor, the oppressed, and the untouchables. He promoted swadeshi or self-reliance by encouraging Indians to spin their own cloth from khadi or hand-spun cotton. He also preached ahimsa or non-violence as a way of life and a means of achieving harmony among different religions and communities. Bapu played a crucial role in securing India's independence from British rule in 1947. However, he was deeply saddened by the partition of India and Pakistan along religious lines and the violence that followed. He tried to stop the communal riots and appealed for peace and brotherhood. He was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist who blamed him for appeasing Muslims. Bapu's last words were Hey Ram or Oh God. Bapu is widely regarded as the Father of the Nation in India and is revered as a symbol of peace, truth, and non-violence across the world. His birthday, 2 October, is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti in India and as the International Day of Non-Violence by the United Nations. His life and teachings have inspired many leaders and movements for freedom, justice, and human rights around the globe.

    Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Profile

  • 9. Guangzong

    Died: 1200 A.D
    Slogan: To inherit the auspiciousness

    Guangzong was the 12th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the third emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He was the third son of his predecessor, Emperor Xiaozong. His mother was Emperor Xiaozong's first wife, Lady Guo, who was posthumously honoured as "Empress Chengmu". His reign was relatively peaceful, but his lack of filial piety eventually made officials replace him with his son Emperor Ningzong. Guangzong suffered from bipolar disorder or severe neurosis since his childhood, but he was reportedly filial to his father. He was crowned as the heir apparent in 1168 and succeeded his father in 1189. He named his reign "Shaoxi", meaning "to inherit the auspiciousness". He also renamed the city of Chongqing, meaning "double celebration", to commemorate his coronation and his father's abdication. Guangzong was influenced by his wife Empress Li Fengniang, who became notorious in Chinese history for being ruthless and shrewd, and for ruling the state through her husband, who became known as a "henpecked weakling" dominated by his wife. Guangzong neglected his duties and indulged in drinking and pleasure. He also listened to some treacherous officials and dismissed the popular military leader Xin Qiji. He alienated his father and even refused to perform state funeral rites when the retired emperor died, which shocked the court. In 1194, Guangzong fell ill and became mentally unstable. He was unable to handle state affairs and was controlled by Empress Li and her brother Li Sheng. The court officials were dissatisfied with the situation and plotted to depose Guangzong. In 1195, they forced Guangzong to abdicate in favor of his eldest son Zhao Kuo, who became Emperor Ningzong. Guangzong was given the title of "Retired Emperor" and lived in seclusion until his death in 1200. He was buried in Yongchong Mausoleum in present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang.

    Guangzong Profile

  • 10. Nizar Qabbani

    Died: 1998 A.D
    Slogan: What is the difference between me and the sky?it is that when you laugh, I forget about the sky.

    Nizar Qabbani was a Syrian poet, writer, and publisher who is considered to be one of the most influential and popular poets in the Arab world. He was born in Damascus in 1923 to a middle-class merchant family and was the grandnephew of the pioneering Arab playwright Abu Khalil Qabbani. He studied law at the University of Damascus and graduated in 1945. He then joined the Syrian Foreign Ministry and served as a diplomat in several countries, including Egypt, Turkey, Lebanon, Britain, China, and Spain. He resigned from his diplomatic career in 1966 and moved to Beirut, Lebanon, where he founded his own publishing company. He later lived in Geneva, Switzerland, and London, England, where he died in 1998. Qabbani's poetic style combines simplicity and elegance in exploring themes of love, eroticism, feminism, religion, and Arab nationalism. He wrote more than 20 collections of poetry, some of which were set to music and sung by famous Arab singers. He also wrote prose, essays, and letters. He is known for his innovative use of free verse and his expression of the Arab woman's voice and perspective. He was influenced by the tragic death of his sister, who committed suicide rather than marry a man she did not love, and by the political and social upheavals in the Arab world, especially the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Arab defeat in the 1967 war. He was a staunch critic of Arab regimes and leaders, and a supporter of democracy and human rights. He was also a lover of Arabic culture and language, and a defender of Arab identity and dignity. He received many awards and honors for his literary contributions, and is widely regarded as Syria's national poet.

    Nizar Qabbani Profile

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