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Khairy Alzahaby Khairy Alzahaby 1946 - 2022 Novelist, thinker, historian, columnist
Mohammed Ikramullah Mohammed Ikramullah 1903 - 1963 Foreign secretary and ambassador
Salma Mumtaz Salma Mumtaz 1926 - 2012 Film actress, director and producer
William Hall William Hall 1827 - 1904 Naval Seaman
Hasan Tahsini Hasan Tahsini 1811 - 1881 Astronomer and mathematician
Ion Pillat Ion Pillat 1891 - 1945 Poet
Aurora Miranda Aurora Miranda 1915 - 2005 Singer and actress of cinema, television
Peter Enahoro Peter Enahoro 1935 - 2023 Journalist and author
Serge Gainsbourg Serge Gainsbourg 1928 - 1991 Singer-songwriter, actor, composer, and director
Virgil Mazilescu Virgil Mazilescu 1942 - 1984 Poet
Josipina Urbancic Josipina Urbancic 1833 - 1854 Writer, poet, composer
Nasrollah Sarvari Nasrollah Sarvari 1942 - 2017 Painter
Antonio Flores Antonio Flores 1961 - 1995 Singer, songwriter, and actor
Aziz Herawi Aziz Herawi 1952 - 2011 Musician
Yefim Alekseyevich Pridvorov Yefim Alekseyevich Pridvorov 1883 - 1945 Poet
Lata Mangeshkar Lata Mangeshkar 1929 - 2022 Playback Singer and Music Composer
Agim Zajmi Agim Zajmi 1936 - 2013 Painter
Festus Okotie-Eboh Festus Okotie-Eboh 1912 - 1966 Finance minister of Nigeria
Muhammad Hamid Abu al-Nasr Muhammad Hamid Abu al-Nasr 1913 - 1996 General Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood
Sultan Munadi Sultan Munadi 1976 - 2009 Journalist
Dion Boucicault Dion Boucicault 1820 - 1890 Melodrama writer and performer
Hakim Abolghasem Ferdowsi Hakim Abolghasem Ferdowsi 940 - 1020 Epic poet and composer of Shahnameh
Muhammad Anwar Khan Muhammad Anwar Khan 1915 - 2005 Engineer officer and engineer in chief of Army
Farid Simaika Farid Simaika 1907 - 1943 Olympic diver
John Monash John Monash 1865 - 1931 Civil engineer and military commander
Shabbir Rana Shabbir Rana 1952 - 2023 Film, television and stage actor, director
Spyridon Louis Spyridon Louis 1873 - 1940 Runner
Umi Sardjono Umi Sardjono 1923 - 2011 Head of Gerakan Wanita Indonesia
Demeter Bitenc Demeter Bitenc 1922 - 2018 Actor
Ellen Louks Fairclough Ellen Louks Fairclough 1905 - 2004 Politician
Anwar Shemza Anwar Shemza 1928 - 1985 Painter and writer
Max Rojas Max Rojas 1940 - 2015 Poet, essayist, literary critic
Joseph Marie Terray Joseph Marie Terray 1715 - 1778 Controller-General of Finances
Gufi Paintal Gufi Paintal 1944 - 2023 Actor, casting director
Hammurabi Hammurabi -1810 - -1750 King of Babylon
Rocio Orsi Portalo Rocio Orsi Portalo 1976 - 2014 Philosopher, essayist, and translator
Mikhail Chapiro Mikhail Chapiro 1938 - 2019 Painting portraits
Mirza Adeeb Mirza Adeeb 1914 - 1999 Dramatist and short story writer
Shunroku Hata Shunroku Hata 1879 - 1962 Field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army
Neagu Djuvara Neagu Djuvara 1916 - 2018 Historian, philosopher, journalist, diplomat
Felicjan Slawoj Skladkowski Felicjan Slawoj Skladkowski 1885 - 1962 Prime Minister of Poland
muhammad rasool allah prophet muhammad rasool allah prophet 570 - 632 Muhammad the last Messenger of God
Germanus I of Constantinople Germanus I of Constantinople 634 - 740 Patriarch of Constantinople and theologian
Kitagawa Utamaro Kitagawa Utamaro 1753 - 1806 Woodblock printmaker and painter
Govindan Aravindan Govindan Aravindan 1935 - 1991 Film director, screenwriter, musician, cartoonist
Asik Veysel Asik Veysel 1894 - 1973 Poet and bağlama player
Safwat Ghayur Safwat Ghayur 1959 - 2010 Police officer and commandant
Edgar Manas Edgar Manas 1875 - 1964 Composer, conductor and musicologist
Shaikh Ayaz Shaikh Ayaz 1923 - 1997 Short story writer
Markos Botsaris Markos Botsaris 1790 - 1823 Leader of the Souliots and general of the Greek
Cyril Lucaris Cyril Lucaris 1572 - 1638 Patriarch of Constantinople and Alexandria
Mohammad Zahir Shah Mohammad Zahir Shah 1914 - 2007 King
Win Mortimer Win Mortimer 1919 - 1998 Comic strip artist and writer
Deven Verma Deven Verma 1937 - 2014 Actor, director and producer of Hindi cinema
Arnstein Arneberg Arnstein Arneberg 1882 - 1961 Architect of Oslo City Hall
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 1931 - 2015 Missile Man of India
Rod Taylor Rod Taylor 1930 - 2015 Actor of film and television
Idris Alkali Idris Alkali 1960 - 2018 Major general in the Nigerian Army
Guglielmo Marconi Guglielmo Marconi 1874 - 1937 Inventor
Ii Naomasa Ii Naomasa 1561 - 1602 General under Tokugawa Ieyasu
Len Norris Len Norris 1913 - 1997 Editorial cartoonist for the Vancouver Sun
Umer Shareef Umer Shareef 1955 - 2021 Comedian, actor, director, producer, writer
Fernando Pessoa Fernando Pessoa 1888 - 1935 Modernist poet and writer
Wilhelm Franz Canaris Wilhelm Franz Canaris 1887 - 1945 Chief of the Abwehr (German military intelligence)
Alfred Dreyfus Alfred Dreyfus 1859 - 1935 Artillery officer
Dorothy Hill Dorothy Hill 1907 - 1997 Geologist, palaeontologist
Le Van Thiem Le Van Thiem 1918 - 1991 Mathematician
Vladimir Borovikovsky Vladimir Borovikovsky 1757 - 1825 Painting landscapes and seascapes
Max Bruch Max Bruch 1838 - 1920 Composer of violin concertos and other works
Charles Babbage Charles Babbage 1791 - 1871 Originator of the concept a programmable computer
Hans Holbein the Younger Hans Holbein the Younger 1497 - 1543 Portraitist and printmaker
Gim Hongdo Gim Hongdo 1745 - 1806 Painter of the Joseon dynasty
Alex Uruemu Ibru Alex Uruemu Ibru 1945 - 2011 Founder and publisher of The Guardian newspaper
Munir Said Thalib Munir Said Thalib 1965 - 2004 Founder of Kontras and Imparsial
Paco de Lucia Paco de Lucia 1947 - 2014 Flamenco guitarist and composer
Roberto Marinho Roberto Marinho 1904 - 2003 Founder and owner of Grupo Globo
Michael Falzon Michael Falzon 1972 - 2020 Musical theatre star and actor
Odysseas Elytis Odysseas Elytis 1911 - 1996 Poet and Nobel laureate
Yongjo Yongjo 1694 - 1776 King of Joseon
Tayo Aderinokun Tayo Aderinokun 1955 - 2011 CEO of Guaranty Trust Bank
Prince Wilhelm of Prussia Prince Wilhelm of Prussia 1882 - 1951 German crown prince and army commander
Hu Weide Hu Weide 1863 - 1933 Premier of the Republic of China
Sir John Warcup Kappa Cornforth Sir John Warcup Kappa Cornforth 1917 - 2013 Chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Mohamad Mochtar Mohamad Mochtar 1918 - 1981 Film actor
Qays Abd al Hussein al Yasiri Qays Abd al Hussein al Yasiri 1941 - 1995 Founder of modern Iraqi sociology
Abdallah Somekh Abdallah Somekh 1813 - 1889 Rosh yeshiva and posek of Iraqi Jewry
Edward Oliver Wheeler Edward Oliver Wheeler 1890 - 1962 Surveyor General of India
Henry IV of France Henry IV of France 1553 - 1610 King of France and Navarre
Maria Gay Zenatello Maria Gay Zenatello 1879 - 1943 Opera singer and actress
Abraham Palatnik Abraham Palatnik 1928 - 2020 Abstract artist and inventor
Donald George Bradman Donald George Bradman 1908 - 2001 Batsman and captain of the Australian cricket team
Sakchai Bamrungpong Sakchai Bamrungpong 1918 - 2014 Diplomat, Author, Journalist
Hadiya Khalaf Abbas Hadiya Khalaf Abbas 1958 - 2021 Speaker of the People's Council of Syria
Loalwa Braz Loalwa Braz 1953 - 2017 Lead vocalist of Kaoma
Yuan Shikai Yuan Shikai 1859 - 1916 President and Emperor of China
Mario Lago Mario Lago 1911 - 2002 TV and theater pioneer
Rolf Harris Rolf Harris 1930 - 2023 Musician, painter, actor television personality
Richard Samuel Attenborough Richard Samuel Attenborough 1923 - 2014 Actor, director, producer and Academy Award winner
Pepi II Neferkare Pepi II Neferkare -2284 - -2184 Pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty
Stanko Prek Stanko Prek 1915 - 1999 Classical Guitarist and Composer
Zheng Junli Zheng Junli 1911 - 1969 Actor and director
Sandro Botticelli Sandro Botticelli 1445 - 1510 Painter
Antonio Carlos Jobim Antonio Carlos Jobim 1927 - 1994 Composer of bossa nova and Latin jazz
Razia Butt Razia Butt 1924 - 2012 Novelist, playwright, and drama writer
Eqrem cabej Eqrem cabej 1908 - 1980 Linguist, scholar
Liao Jingwen Liao Jingwen 1923 - 2015 Museum curator and manager, writer
Fateh Moudarres Fateh Moudarres 1922 - 1999 Painter and lecturer
Boleslaw Prus Boleslaw Prus 1847 - 1912 Novelist, short-story writer, publicist
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon 1900 - 2002 Queen
Jernej Sugman Jernej Sugman 1968 - 2017 Actor
Jerome-Adolphe Blanqui Jerome-Adolphe Blanqui 1798 - 1854 Economic historian and liberal economist
Sonny Chiba Sonny Chiba 1939 - 2021 martial arts cinema star
Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon 1485 - 1536 First wife of Henry VIII and Queen of England
Guan Qiao Guan Qiao 1935 - 2022 welding engineer
Henryk Grohman Henryk Grohman 1862 - 1939 Textile manufacturer
Candido Portinari Candido Portinari 1903 - 1962 Painter and muralist
George Washington Smith George Washington Smith 1876 - 1930 the architect the painter
Jin Yan Jin Yan 1910 - 1983 Actor who gained fame during China's golden age
Dinis Martins Vital Dinis Martins Vital 1932 - 2014 Goalkeeper
Roberto Farias Roberto Farias 1932 - 2018 Film director, producer and screenwriter
Dinu Bratianu Dinu Bratianu 1866 - 1950 Politician
Hou Bo Hou Bo 1924 - 2017 Photographer of Mao Zedong
Dimitrie Pompeiu Dimitrie Pompeiu 1873 - 1954 Mathematician
Abdul Raziq Achakzai Abdul Raziq Achakzai 1979 - 2018 Police Chief
Yuan Muzhi Yuan Muzhi 1909 - 1978 Actor and director
Nurul Amin Nurul Amin 1893 - 1974 Prime Minister of Pakistan
Arnulf of Metz Arnulf of Metz 582 - 640 Bishop of Metz and advisor to the Merovingian
Ernst Lubitsch Ernst Lubitsch 1892 - 1947 Film director, producer, writer, actor
Ivan Grohar Ivan Grohar 1867 - 1911 Impressionist Painter
Aminah Cendrakasih Aminah Cendrakasih 1938 - 2022 Actress
Christian Hansen Christian Hansen 1756 - 1845 Architect of many buildings in Copenhagen
Duong Bich Lien Duong Bich Lien 1924 - 1988 painter
Mohammad Ali Bogra Mohammad Ali Bogra 1909 - 1963 Third Prime Minister of Pakistan
Porphyrios Bairaktaris Porphyrios Bairaktaris 1906 - 1991 Athonite hieromonk and spiritual father
Ruxandra Sireteanu Ruxandra Sireteanu 1945 - 2008 neuroscientist
Sylwester Checinski Sylwester Checinski 1930 - 2021 Film and television director and screenwriter
Eugen Lovinescu Eugen Lovinescu 1881 - 1943 Literary Historian
Serban Cioculescu Serban Cioculescu 1902 - 1988 Literary critic and historian
Dmitry Levitzky Dmitry Levitzky 1735 - 1822 Painter and photographer
Weng Zhanqiu Weng Zhanqiu 1900 - 1945 Painter and writer
Edmund Piatkowski Edmund Piatkowski 1936 - 2016 Discus thrower
Midhat Frasheri Midhat Frasheri 1880 - 1949 Writer, activist
Sultan Mohammad Khan Sultan Mohammad Khan 1795 - 1861 Emir of Afghanistan
Constant Tonegaru Constant Tonegaru 1919 - 1952 poet, journalist, activist, civil servant
Wu Yuxiang Wu Yuxiang 1812 - 1880 Founder of Wu (Hao)-style tai chi
Elisabeth Bohm Elisabeth Bohm 1921 - 2012 Architect
Azad Khan Afghan Azad Khan Afghan 1722 - 1781 Military Commander
Dimitrie Cantemir Dimitrie Cantemir 1673 - 1723 Prince of Moldavia
Olive Ashworth Olive Ashworth 1915 - 2000 Graphic designer and industrial designer
Ernest Malinowski Ernest Malinowski 1818 - 1899 Civil engineer
Creat A Memorial Profile

Top 10 Died Influential People

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  • 1. Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan

    Died: 2004 A.D
    Slogan:

    Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan(born 1918, Abu Dhabi — died November 2, 2004) Known as the Father of the Nation for his role in forming the United Arab Emirates, the late H. H. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was the first President of the UAE. He served this position since the formation of the UAE on 2 December 1971 until he passed away in 2004. He also served as the Ruler of the emirate of Abu Dhabi from 1966 to 2004. Born in the city of Al Ain, Sheikh Zayed was the youngest of the four sons of H. H. Sheikh Sultan bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Ruler of Abu Dhabi from 1922 to 1926. Sheikh Zayed was a good listener and an unbiased dispute mediator. He was also renowned for his patience, vision and wisdom; qualities that earned him the title of ‘the wise man of the Arabs’. He ensured that all UAE citizens are instrumental to the nation's collective success. His vision led the UAE to be the GCC’s second biggest economy after KSA, the third largest in the Middle East and according to many prestigious international reports, the most important financial and economic centre in the region.

    Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan Profile

  • 2. Faisal I of Iraq

    Died: 1933 A.D
    Slogan: We are the sons of the Arab nation and its sacred mission.

    Faisal I of Iraq was the King of Iraq from 1921 to 1933 and the King of Syria in 1920. He was the son of Hussein bin Ali, the Sharif of Mecca, and a leader of the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire during World War I. He was proclaimed king of Syria by the Syrian National Congress in 1920, but was expelled by the French shortly after. He then became the king of Iraq under the British mandate, and negotiated the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930, which granted Iraq independence while maintaining British influence. He was a proponent of pan-Arabism and supported the Hashemite dynasty in Iraq and Jordan. He died of a heart attack in Bern, Switzerland, in 1933, and was succeeded by his son Ghazi. He is considered one of the most influential figures in modern Iraqi history and a symbol of Iraqi nationalism.

    Faisal I of Iraq Profile

  • 3. Qaboos bin Said al Said

    Died: 2020 A.D
    Slogan: We are friends to all and enemies to none.

    Qaboos bin Said al Said was the Sultan of Oman from 1970 until his death in 2020. He was a fifteenth-generation descendant of the founder of the House of Al Said and was the longest-serving leader in the Middle East and Arab world at the time of his death. Educated in England, he served briefly in the British Army before returning to Oman. After overthrowing his father in a coup d'état, he implemented policies of modernization and ended Oman's international isolation. His reign saw a rise in living standards and development in the country, the abolition of slavery, the end of the Dhofar Rebellion, and the promulgation of Oman's constitution.

    Qaboos bin Said al Said Profile

  • 4. Pyotr Bagration

    Died: 1812 A.D
    Slogan: The Russian Army always has been success.

    Pyotr Bagration was a Russian general and prince of Georgian origin, prominent during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Bagration, a member of the Bagrationi dynasty, was born in Kizlyar. His father, Ivan (Ivane), served as an officer in the Imperial Russian Army, in which Bagration also enlisted in 1782. Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration began his military career serving in the Russo-Circassian War of 1763–1864 for a couple of years. Afterwards he participated in a war against the Ottomans and the capture of Ochakov in 1788. Later he helped suppress the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794 in Poland and capture Warsaw. During Russia's Italian and Swiss campaigns of 1799 against the French, he served with distinction under Field Marshal Alexander Suvorov. In 1805 Russia joined the coalition against Napoleon. After the collapse of the Austrians at Ulm in October 1805, Bagration won praise for his successful defense in the Battle of Schöngrabern (November 1805) that allowed Russian forces to withdraw and unite with the main Russian army of Mikhail Kutuzov. In December 1805 the combined Russo-Austrian army suffered defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz, where Bagration commanded the allied right wing against the French under Jean Lannes. He subsequently participated in a series of unsuccessful battles: Austerlitz (Dec. 2, 1805), Eylau (Feb. 7–8, 1807), Heilsburg (June 10, 1807), and Friedland (June 14, 1807); but, after Russia formed an alliance with France (Treaty of Tilsit; July 7, 1807) and engaged in a war against Sweden, Bagration marched across the frozen Gulf of Finland and captured the strategic Åland Islands (1808). He was then transferred to the south (1809) and placed in command of a force fighting the Turks in Bulgaria (Russo-Turkish War of 1806–12). When Russia and France renewed their hostilities (1812), he was given command of the 2nd Russian Army in the West. Although his troops were defeated by the French at Mogilyov and separated from the main Russian army in July, he saved them from destruction and rejoined the main force in August. On Sept. 7, 1812, at the Battle of Borodino, near Moscow, Bagration commanded the left wing of the Russian forces and was fatally wounded. A monument was erected in his honour by Emperor Nicholas I on the battlefield of Borodino.

    Pyotr Bagration Profile

  • 5. Edvard Grieg

    Died: 1907 A.D
    Slogan: I love the country that has given me everything

    Edvard Grieg was a Norwegian composer and pianist who lived from 1843 to 1907. He is widely regarded as one of the leading Romantic era composers and a pioneer of the Norwegian nationalist school of music. He is best known for his Piano Concerto in A minor, his incidental music for Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt, and his Lyric Pieces for piano. He also used Norwegian folk music elements in his compositions, which helped to promote the music and culture of Norway. He studied at the Leipzig Conservatory, where he was influenced by Mendelssohn and Schumann, but later developed his own distinctive style. He was friends with other Scandinavian composers, such as Rikard Nordraak and Niels Gade. He married his cousin Nina Hagerup, who was a singer and an interpreter of his songs. He suffered from poor health throughout his life and died in his hometown of Bergen. He is buried there in a mountain cave overlooking the city. He is the most celebrated person from the city of Bergen, with numerous statues, buildings, and institutions named after him. His music is part of the standard classical repertoire worldwide and has inspired many other composers.

    Edvard Grieg Profile

  • 6. Coco Chanel

    Died: 1971 A.D
    Slogan: A girl should be two things: classy and fabulous.

    Coco Chanel was a French fashion designer and businesswoman who revolutionized the style and aesthetics of women's clothing in the 20th century. She was born in a poorhouse in Saumur, France, and raised by nuns after her mother's death. She learned to sew at a young age and started her career as a milliner. She opened her first shop in Paris in 1910, selling hats and later expanding to clothing. She introduced simple, elegant, and comfortable designs that contrasted with the corseted and elaborate fashion of the time. She popularized the use of jersey fabric, tweed, and black color in women's clothing. She also created iconic accessories such as the quilted purse, costume jewelry, and the interlocked-CC monogram. She launched her first perfume, Chanel No. 5, in 1921, which became one of the most famous fragrances in the world. She also designed costumes for theater and cinema, collaborating with artists such as Pablo Picasso, Igor Stravinsky, and Jean Cocteau. She closed her fashion house during World War II and faced controversy for her involvement with a German officer. She returned to fashion in 1954, at the age of 71, and continued to create influential collections until her death in 1971. She is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in fashion history and a symbol of modern, liberated, and independent womanhood.

    Coco Chanel Profile

  • 7. Abraham Lincoln

    Died: 1865 A.D
    Slogan:

    Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, who led the nation through the Civil War and abolished slavery. He was born in a log cabin in Kentucky in 1809, and grew up in poverty on the frontier. He taught himself to read and write, and became a lawyer and a politician. He joined the new Republican Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery, and became famous for his debates with Stephen A. Douglas in 1858. He ran for president in 1860, and won with a majority of electoral votes, but not popular votes. His election triggered the secession of several Southern states, who formed the Confederate States of America. Lincoln refused to recognize their independence, and declared war to preserve the Union. Lincoln faced many challenges and difficulties during the war, both on the battlefield and on the home front. He had to deal with divided public opinion, political rivals, incompetent generals, and personal tragedies. He also had to balance his own moral convictions with the practical realities of war. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, which declared that all enslaved people in the rebel states were free. He also supported the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the entire country. He delivered some of the most memorable speeches in American history, such as the Gettysburg Address and the Second Inaugural Address, which expressed his vision of democracy, equality, and reconciliation. Lincoln was widely admired for his leadership, courage, honesty, and compassion. He was also hated by many who opposed his policies and views. On April 14, 1865, just five days after the Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court House, he was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer, at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. He died the next morning, becoming the first American president to be killed in office. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest presidents in American history, and his legacy continues to inspire millions of people around the world.

    Abraham Lincoln Profile

  • 8. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

    Died: 1938 A.D
    Slogan: Peace at home, peace in the world

    Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was a Turkish soldier, statesman, and reformer who is widely regarded as the founder of the modern Republic of Turkey. He rose to prominence as a military commander in the Ottoman army during World War I, where he successfully defended the Gallipoli peninsula against the Allied invasion. After the war, he led the Turkish War of Independence against the occupying forces of the victorious powers. He established a provisional government in Ankara and repelled the Greek forces that aimed to annex western Anatolia. He abolished the Ottoman monarchy and proclaimed the Republic of Turkey in 1923, becoming its first president. He embarked on a series of radical reforms that transformed Turkey into a secular and westernized nation-state, with a new alphabet, civil code, education system, and women's rights. He also promoted Turkish nationalism and cultural identity, while suppressing Kurdish and other ethnic minorities. He is revered by many Turks as the "Father of the Turks" and the "Great Leader", and his mausoleum in Ankara is a national symbol. He is also widely respected internationally as a visionary leader and a military genius. He died of liver cirrhosis in 1938, leaving behind a lasting legacy of modernization and secularism.

    Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Profile

  • 9. Emperor Pedro II

    Died: 1891 A.D
    Slogan: May God grant me these last wishes – peace and prosperity for Brazil.

    Pedro II was the second and last emperor of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina. His father's abrupt abdication and departure to Europe in 1831 left the five-year-old as emperor and led to a grim and lonely childhood and adolescence, obliged to spend his time studying in preparation for rule. His experiences with court intrigues and political disputes during this period greatly affected his later character; he grew into a man with a strong sense of duty and devotion toward his country and his people, yet increasingly resentful of his role as monarch. Pedro II inherited an empire on the verge of disintegration, but he turned Brazil into an emerging power in the international arena. The nation grew to be distinguished from its Hispanic neighbors on account of its political stability, zealously guarded freedom of speech, respect for civil rights, vibrant economic growth, and form of government—a functional representative parliamentary monarchy. Brazil was also victorious in the Platine War, the Uruguayan War, and the Paraguayan War, as well as prevailing in several other international disputes and domestic tensions. Pedro II steadfastly pushed through the abolition of slavery despite opposition from powerful political and economic interests. A savant in his own right, the Emperor established a reputation as a vigorous sponsor of learning, culture, and the sciences, and he won the respect and admiration of people such as Charles Darwin, Victor Hugo, and Friedrich Nietzsche, and was a friend to Richard Wagner, Louis Pasteur, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, among others. He was married to Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, with whom he had four children, two of whom died in infancy. He was a devoted father and husband, and a cultured and well-read man. He was also a lover of nature and photography, and a patron of the arts and sciences. He was deposed by a military coup in 1889, which proclaimed Brazil a republic. He accepted the end of the monarchy without resistance and went into exile in Europe with his family. He died in Paris in 1891, at the age of 66, and his remains were later returned to Brazil with honors. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest Brazilian leaders and a champion of democracy, freedom, and progress.

    Emperor Pedro II Profile

  • 10. Robert Gordon Menzies

    Died: 1978 A.D
    Slogan: It is better to be defeated on principle than to win on lies.

    Robert Menzies was a prominent Australian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th prime minister of Australia for a total of over 18 years, making him the longest-serving prime minister in Australian history. He held office twice, first from 1939 to 1941 and then from 1949 to 1966. He was also the leader of the United Australia Party (UAP) in his first term and the founder and leader of the Liberal Party of Australia in his second term. Menzies was born in Jeparit, Victoria, on 20 December 1894. He was the fourth of five children of James Menzies, a storekeeper and politician, and Kate Sampson, a miner's daughter. He attended various schools in Ballarat and Melbourne before graduating with first-class honours in law from the University of Melbourne in 1916. He became a barrister in 1918 and quickly established himself as one of the leading lawyers in Victoria. He was appointed a King's Counsel in 1929, the youngest in Victoria at the time. Menzies entered politics in 1928 as a member of the Nationalist Party, which later became the UAP. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council and then to the Legislative Assembly, serving as Attorney-General and Minister for Railways. In 1934, he resigned from state politics and won the federal seat of Kooyong as a UAP candidate. He became Attorney-General and Minister for Industry in Joseph Lyons' government and was also deputy leader of the UAP from 1935. He resigned from cabinet in 1939 over a dispute about national insurance. Menzies became prime minister in April 1939 after Lyons died in office and Earle Page served as caretaker for 18 days. He led Australia into World War II and spent four months in England in 1941 to participate in Winston Churchill's war cabinet. However, he faced opposition from his coalition partner, the Country Party, and from some members of his own party. He lost the confidence of his party and resigned as prime minister in August 1941. He was succeeded by Arthur Fadden, who lasted only 40 days before being replaced by John Curtin of the Labor Party. Menzies remained as leader of the UAP until 1943, when he lost his seat at the federal election. He then helped to create a new conservative party, the Liberal Party of Australia, which he became the inaugural leader of in August 1945. He led the opposition against Curtin's successor, Ben Chifley, until he won the federal election in December 1949. He formed a coalition government with the Country Party and returned as prime minister. Menzies' second term as prime minister lasted for over 16 years, during which he won seven consecutive elections. He presided over a period of economic growth, social stability, immigration expansion, higher education development, national security policies, and international alliances. He strengthened Australia's ties with Britain and the United States, supported the creation of NATO and SEATO, signed the ANZUS Treaty and the Colombo Plan, sent troops to Korea, Malaya, and Vietnam, recognised Israel and Japan as sovereign states, opposed communism and apartheid, promoted British Commonwealth cooperation, and supported constitutional reform. Menzies retired as prime minister in January 1966 at the age of 71. He was succeeded by Harold Holt, who drowned a year later. Menzies remained active in public life until his death in May 1978. He wrote several books, gave lectures, served as chancellor of the University of Melbourne, and was involved in various cultural and educational organisations. He was knighted in 1963 and received many honours and awards, both in Australia and abroad. He was widely regarded as one of the most influential and respected figures in Australian history. Menzies was married to Pattie Maie Leckie, a journalist and political activist, from 1920 until her death in 1978. They had three children: Kenneth, Ian, and Heather. Menzies was a devout Presbyterian and a keen sportsman. He enjoyed cricket, golf, tennis, chess, and bridge. He was also fond of literature, music, art, and history. He had a distinctive voice and a sharp wit, which he used to great effect in his speeches and debates. He was known for his loyalty to his friends and his principles, as well as his ambition and determination. He was nicknamed "Ming" by his supporters and "Pig Iron Bob" by his critics.

    Robert Gordon Menzies Profile

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