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Mohammad Yusuf Khan Mohammad Yusuf Khan 1917 - 1998 Prime Minister of Afghanistan
Bunsom Martin Bunsom Martin 1922 - 2008 Minister of Education, Minister of Public Health
Iuliu Hossu Iuliu Hossu 1885 - 1970 Bishop
Abdulkadir Kure Abdulkadir Kure 1956 - 2017 Governor of Niger State
Mohammad Hussain Sarahang Mohammad Hussain Sarahang 1924 - 1983 Classical Musician
Sandford Fleming Sandford Fleming 1827 - 1915 Railway and standard time
Ivan Kramberger Ivan Kramberger 1936 - 1992 Inventor, Politician
Nsikak Eduok Nsikak Eduok 1947 - 2021 Chief of the Air Staff of the Nigerian Air Force
Andre Kim Andre Kim 1935 - 2010 Fashion designer
Sahal Mahfudh Sahal Mahfudh 1937 - 2014 Islamic leader and scholar
Ramesh Deo Ramesh Deo 1929 - 2022 Actor, producer, director
Szymon Askenazy Szymon Askenazy 1865 - 1935 Historian, educator, statesman and diplomat
Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi 1921 - 1979 Prime Minister of Afghanistan
Thabit AbdulNour Thabit AbdulNour 1890 - 1945 Leader of the Golden Square group
Ronald Newbold Bracewell Ronald Newbold Bracewell 1921 - 2007 Lewis M. Terman Professor
Sayed Haider Raza Sayed Haider Raza 1922 - 2016 Modernist painter
Zeenat Abdullah Channa Zeenat Abdullah Channa 1919 - 1974 Writer, educationist, and editor
Sam Nda-Isaiah Sam Nda-Isaiah 1962 - 2020 Journalist and entrepreneur
Elias Gleizer Elias Gleizer 1934 - 2015 TV and theater pioneer
Hammurabi Hammurabi -1810 - -1750 King of Babylon
Kimberley Kitching Kimberley Kitching 1970 - 2022 Politician, lawyer, trade unionist
Gheorghe I. Bratianu Gheorghe I. Bratianu 1898 - 1953 Historian
Berkrerk Chartvanchai Berkrerk Chartvanchai 1944 - 2022 Professional Boxer
Marsi Paribatra Marsi Paribatra 1930 - 2013 Artist, Academic
Le Thu Le Thu 1943 - 2021 Singer
Shigeru Mizuki Shigeru Mizuki 1922 - 2015 Manga artist and historian
Alvaro Cunhal Alvaro Cunhal 1913 - 2005 Communist leader and writer
Ishmeet Singh Ishmeet Singh 1988 - 2008 Playback singer and musician
Vasja Pirc Vasja Pirc 1907 - 1980 Chess Grandmaster
Sukru Kaya Sukru Kaya 1883 - 1959 Minister of Interior and Foreign Affairs
Youssof Kohzad Youssof Kohzad 1935 - 2019 Artist
Ammo Baba Ammo Baba 1934 - 2009 Iraq national football team manager
Joseph Panimayadas Chandrababu Rodriguez Joseph Panimayadas Chandrababu Rodriguez 1927 - 1974 Comedian, actor, director, singer
Maria Luisa Puga Maria Luisa Puga 1944 - 2004 Novelist and essayist
Dadasaheb Phalke Dadasaheb Phalke 1870 - 1944 Father of Indian cinema
Benito Perez Galdpos Benito Perez Galdpos 1843 - 1920 Spanish realist novelist and playwright
Eiko Ishioka Eiko Ishioka 1938 - 2012 Art director, costume designer, graphic designer
Natalia Kurakina Natalia Kurakina 1766 - 1831 Soviet film star and singer
Uzra Butt Uzra Butt 1917 - 2010 Film actress, director and producer
Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum 1943 - 2006 first and third prime minister of the United Arab
Dumitru Staniloae Dumitru Staniloae 1903 - 1993 Theologian
Georges Brassens Georges Brassens 1921 - 1981 Singer-songwriter and poet
Johann Puch Johann Puch 1862 - 1914 Industrialist
Georgy Lvov Georgy Lvov 1861 - 1925 Minister-Chairman
James Sewid James Sewid 1913 - 1988 Chief councillor
Wen Boren Wen Boren 1558 - 1639 Landscape painter, calligrapher and essayist
Geoffrey V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou Geoffrey V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou 1113 - 1151 Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy
Nyai Ahmad Dahlan Nyai Ahmad Dahlan 1872 - 1946 First female Indonesian journalist
Kostis Palamas Kostis Palamas 1859 - 1943 Poet and lyricist of the Olympic Hymn
Efim Geller Efim Geller 1925 - 1998 Chess player and coach
Sheikh Muhammad Ikram Sheikh Muhammad Ikram 1908 - 1973 Civil servant, historian, biographer, author
Charles Cecil Ingersoll Merritt Charles Cecil Ingersoll Merritt 1908 - 2000 Soldier
Liu-Wang Liming Liu-Wang Liming 1932 - 2006 Biophysicist and molecular biologist
Cary Grant Cary Grant 1904 - 1986 Film actor
Marianne Heiberg Marianne Heiberg 1945 - 2004 Social researcher and peace broker
Ahmed Djemal Ahmed Djemal 1872 - 1922 Ottoman military leader
Mongkol Na Songkhla Mongkol Na Songkhla 1941 - 2020 Physician and Public Health Administrator
Ali Riza Pasha Ali Riza Pasha 1860 - 1932 Grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire
Prince Ali Khan Prince Ali Khan 1911 - 1960 Racehorse owner and diplomat
Magdalene Barens Magdalene Barens 1737 - 1808 Painter
Antoneta Papapavli Antoneta Papapavli 1938 - 2013 Actress and poet for The Voice
Zygmunt Bauman Zygmunt Bauman 1925 - 2017 Sociologist and philosopher
Erik Hansen Erik Hansen 1889 - 1965 Architect of many buildings in Copenhagen
Julius Exner Julius Exner 1825 - 1910 Genre painter
Hashem Muhammad al Baghdadi Hashem Muhammad al Baghdadi 1917 - 1973 Documenting the modernization
Constantin Ion Parhon Constantin Ion Parhon 1874 - 1969 Politician
Lyubov Orlova Lyubov Orlova 1902 - 1975 Soviet film star and singer
Pedro Armendariz Pedro Armendariz 1912 - 1963 Film actor
Benyamin Sueb Benyamin Sueb 1939 - 1995 Comedian, actor and singer
Shuaib Al Arna'ut Shuaib Al Arna'ut 1928 - 2016 Hadith scholar and editor
Juan Bustillo Oro Juan Bustillo Oro 1904 - 1989 Film director, screenwriter, producer
Birol Unel Birol Unel 1961 - 2020 Actor
Gilbert Becaud Gilbert Becaud 1927 - 2001 Singer, composer, pianist and actor
So Sethaputra So Sethaputra 1904 - 1970 Writer, Lexicographer, Political Prisoner
Creighton Hale Creighton Hale 1889 - 1965 Actor
Laura Stoica Laura Stoica 1967 - 2006 singer, composer, actress
Salah al Din al Sabbagh Salah al Din al Sabbagh 1889 - 1945 Leader of the Golden Square group
Zhang Daqian Zhang Daqian 1899 - 1983 Painter and calligrapher of the Yuan dynasty
Choi Jin-sil Choi Jin-sil 1968 - 2008 Actress
Chris Mba Chris Mba 1959 - 2023 Pop singer
Ian Holm Ian Holm 1931 - 2020 Actor in stage and film
Wladyslaw Szpilman Wladyslaw Szpilman 1911 - 2000 Pianist and composer
Gummadi Venkateswara Rao Gummadi Venkateswara Rao 1927 - 2010 Actor and producer in Telugu cinema
Abdul Hafeez Pirzada Abdul Hafeez Pirzada 1935 - 2015 Minister of Law and Finance
Valdemar Poulsen Valdemar Poulsen 1869 - 1942 Engineer and inventor of the telegraphone
Yasin al Hashimi Yasin al Hashimi 1884 - 1937 Prime Minister of Iraq
Elena Ceausescu Elena Ceausescu 1916 - 1989 Politician
Henri de Saint-Simon Henri de Saint-Simon 1760 - 1825 Social reformer and founder of Christian socialism
Jose Revueltas Jose Revueltas 1914 - 1976 Writer, essayist, and political activist
Adib Jatene Adib Jatene 1929 - 2014 cardiac surgeon
Eduard Caudella Eduard Caudella 1841 - 1924 Composer
Isang Yun Isang Yun 1917 - 1995 Composer of avant-garde music
Felipe Cazals Felipe Cazals 1937 - 2021 Film director, screenwriter, and producer
Margarita Pena Margarita Pena 1937 - 2018 Writer, translator and researcher
Andre Reboucas Andre Reboucas 1838 - 1898 wireless communication ,radio broadcasting
Gamal al-Ghitani Gamal al-Ghitani 1945 - 2015 Historical and political novels and commentaries
Osami Nagano Osami Nagano 1880 - 1947 Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff
Avram Iancu Avram Iancu 1824 - 1872 lawyer, revolutionary
Joseph Marie Terray Joseph Marie Terray 1715 - 1778 Controller-General of Finances
Florian Kondi Florian Kondi 1979 - 2014 Rapper and singer
Gordon Piper Gordon Piper 1932 - 2004 Actor, theatre director, scriptwriter and comedian
Jorgen Ingmann Jorgen Ingmann 1925 - 2015 Guitarist and producer
Norman Brookes Norman Brookes 1877 - 1968 Tennis player
Jean de Brebeuf Jean de Brebeuf 1593 - 1649 Jesuit priest and missionary to the Huron people
Felix Lope de Vega Felix Lope de Vega 1562 - 1635 Playwright and poet of the Spanish Golden Age
Miha Remec Miha Remec 1928 - 2020 author
Emil Brumaru Emil Brumaru 1938 - 2019 Poet
Amalie Konsa Amalie Konsa 1873 - 1949 Vanemuine theatre actress and singer
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh 1921 - 2021 Royal consort of Queen Elizabeth II
Aurora Miranda Aurora Miranda 1915 - 2005 Singer and actress of cinema, television
Miron Bialoszewski Miron Bialoszewski 1922 - 1983 Poet, novelist, playwright, actor
Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix 1682 - 1761 Jesuit priest, traveller, and historian France
Chishu Ryu Chishu Ryu 1904 - 1993 Film actor
Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz 1890 - 1963 Logic, semantics, philosophy of science
Albertus Soegijapranata Albertus Soegijapranata 1896 - 1963 Archbishop of Semarang
Sophocles Sophocles -496 - -406 Tragic playwright and poet
Grigori Rasputin Grigori Rasputin 1869 - 1916 Friend and adviser of Nicholas II
Margarita Salas Margarita Salas 1938 - 2019 Biochemistry and molecular genetics
Antonio Jesus Correia Antonio Jesus Correia 1924 - 2003 Football and roller hockey player
Ion C. Massim Ion C. Massim 1825 - 1877 linguist
Adam Mahamed Ismail Adam Mahamed Ismail 1990 - 2019 Celebrity chef and TV host
Nicolae Bretan Nicolae Bretan 1887 - 1968 Opera Composer
Leke Dukagjini Leke Dukagjini 1410 - 1481 Leader of the League of Lezhë
Wong Ka Kui Wong Ka Kui 1962 - 1993 Hong Kong musician, singer and songwriter
Soong Tse vung Soong Tse vung 1894 - 1971 Premier of the Republic of China
Chen Yunshang Chen Yunshang 1919 - 2016 Actress and singer
Edgar Manas Edgar Manas 1875 - 1964 Composer, conductor and musicologist
Iris Barbura Iris Barbura 1912 - 1969 Dancer, Choreographer
Frederick the Great Frederick the Great 1712 - 1786 King of Prussia and military leader
Vladimir Skrbinsek Vladimir Skrbinsek 1902 - 1987 actor
Mohammad Taqi al Khoei Mohammad Taqi al Khoei 1954 - 1994 Shia scholar and philanthropist
Walter Richard Sickert Walter Richard Sickert 1860 - 1942 Post-Impressionist painter and printmaker
Rushdy Abaza Rushdy Abaza 1926 - 1980 Film and television actor
Gjon Simoni Gjon Simoni 1936 - 1999 Albanian musicologist and composer
Sang Lee Sang Lee 1954 - 2004 Three-cushion billiards player and world champion
Olumide Bakare Olumide Bakare 1953 - 2017 Actor, television personality
Alamgir Khan Tareen Alamgir Khan Tareen 1959 - 2023 Businessman and founder of Multan Sultans
Atila Icrio Atila Icrio 1921 - 2002 acting in O Cangaceiro and other films
Zeki Muren Zeki Muren 1931 - 1996 Turkish classical music singer and composer
Oswaldo Aranha Oswaldo Aranha 1894 - 1960 Minister of Foreign Affairs
Awad Hamed al Bandar Awad Hamed al Bandar 1945 - 2007 Head of the Revolutionary Court for Dujail
Seti II Seti II -1303 - -1197 Pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty
Demetrios Chalkokondyles Demetrios Chalkokondyles 1423 - 1511 Greek scholar and professor
Mehnaz Begum Mehnaz Begum 1955 - 2013 TV, radio, and film singer
Iustin Moisescu Iustin Moisescu 1910 - 1986 Patriarch
Meshulam Riklis Meshulam Riklis 1923 - 2019 Corporate takeover artist
Ludwig Beck Ludwig Beck 1880 - 1944 Chief of the German General Staff
Cai Chusheng Cai Chusheng 1906 - 1968 Film director and screenwriter
Cezar Bolliac Cezar Bolliac 1813 - 1881 Poet
Franciszka Arnsztajnowa Franciszka Arnsztajnowa 1865 - 1942 Poet, playwright, and translator
Creat A Memorial Profile

Top 10 Died Influential People

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  • 1. Qaboos bin Said al Said

    Died: 2020 A.D
    Slogan: We are friends to all and enemies to none.

    Qaboos bin Said al Said was the Sultan of Oman from 1970 until his death in 2020. He was a fifteenth-generation descendant of the founder of the House of Al Said and was the longest-serving leader in the Middle East and Arab world at the time of his death. Educated in England, he served briefly in the British Army before returning to Oman. After overthrowing his father in a coup d'état, he implemented policies of modernization and ended Oman's international isolation. His reign saw a rise in living standards and development in the country, the abolition of slavery, the end of the Dhofar Rebellion, and the promulgation of Oman's constitution.

    Qaboos bin Said al Said Profile

  • 2. Agus Salim

    Died: 1954 A.D
    Slogan: The people's welfare is the highest law

    Agus Salim was born on 8 October 1884 in Koto Gadang, a village in North Sumatra. He was the eldest of nine children in a Batak Muslim family. He studied teaching at a school in Medan and then enrolled at a military academy in Bandung. He became a member of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, but following the Japanese invasion in 1942, he joined the Defenders of the Homeland, a Japanese-sponsored militia. After the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945, he enlisted in the fledgling Indonesian armed forces, and fought during the Indonesian National Revolution against the Dutch colonial forces. He rose to prominence as a charismatic and innovative leader, and in 1946, he was appointed commander of the Siliwangi Division, the guerrilla unit operating in West Java. He became known for his hit-and-run tactics, his loyalty to the republic, and his resistance to communist influence. He also developed the concept of territorial warfare, which involved mobilizing the local population to support the military effort. He was captured by the Dutch in 1949, but was released after the recognition of Indonesian sovereignty in 1950. He then became the chief of staff of the Indonesian Army, and later the commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. He was involved in several military and political conflicts, such as the Madiun Affair, the Darul Islam rebellion, the PRRI Permesta rebellion, the West New Guinea dispute, the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, and the 30 September Movement. He survived an assassination attempt during the latter, which was a failed coup attempt by a faction of the army led by communist sympathizers. He lost his position as the defense minister, but remained influential in the military and politics. He supported the rise of General Suharto, who took over the presidency from Sukarno in 1967. He became the speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly, the highest legislative body in the country, and held the position until 1972. He retired from politics in 1978, and spent his later years writing books and giving lectures. He died of a heart attack on 4 November 1954 in Jakarta, and was buried with full military honors at the Kalibata Heroes Cemetery. He is regarded as one of the founding fathers of the Indonesian military and a national hero.

    Agus Salim Profile

  • 3. Stephen the Great

    Died: 1504 A.D
    Slogan: Faithful to God and my people

    Stephen III, known as Stephen the Great, was the Voivode of Moldavia from 1457 to 1504. He is celebrated for strengthening Moldavia's statehood and maintaining its independence against the ambitions of Hungary, Poland, and the Ottoman Empire. He was victorious in thirty-four of his thirty-six battles and was one of the first to win a decisive victory over the Ottomans at the Battle of Vaslui. His reign is marked by numerous military campaigns and the construction of many churches, earning him the title 'Athleta Christi' by Pope Sixtus IV.

    Stephen the Great Profile

  • 4. Albert Einstein

    Died: 1955 A.D
    Slogan: The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible.

    Albert Einstein was one of the most influential and renowned physicists of the 20th century. He was born in Ulm, Germany, on March 14, 1879, to a Jewish family. He showed an early interest in mathematics and physics, but had difficulty with the rigid schooling system. He moved to Switzerland in 1895 and enrolled in the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich, where he met his first wife, Mileva Marić, a fellow physics student. He graduated in 1900 with a diploma in physics, but had trouble finding an academic position. He worked as a patent clerk in Bern from 1902 to 1909, while pursuing his own research in his spare time. In 1905, he published four groundbreaking papers on the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, special relativity, and mass-energy equivalence, which earned him the reputation of a scientific genius. He received his PhD from the University of Zurich in 1905, and became a lecturer at the University of Bern in 1908. He moved to Prague in 1911 as a full professor, and then returned to Zurich in 1912 as a professor of theoretical physics. In 1914, he accepted a prestigious position at the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, where he worked until 1933. He also became a German citizen in 1914, but renounced it in 1933 when Adolf Hitler came to power. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect, and his contributions to theoretical physics. He developed the general theory of relativity, a more comprehensive theory of gravity, between 1907 and 1915, which was confirmed by the observation of the bending of light by the Sun during a solar eclipse in 1919. He also made significant contributions to quantum mechanics, cosmology, statistical mechanics, and the unified field theory. He was a pacifist and a humanitarian, who advocated for social justice, civil rights, and nuclear disarmament. He was a supporter of the Zionist movement, and was offered the presidency of Israel in 1952, which he politely declined. He moved to the United States in 1933, where he joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He became an American citizen in 1940, and remained at Princeton until his death. He was involved in the Manhattan Project, which developed the atomic bomb, but later regretted his role and warned of the dangers of nuclear weapons. He died of an abdominal aortic aneurysm on April 18, 1955, at the age of 76, in Princeton Hospital. He left behind a legacy of scientific discoveries and insights that have shaped our understanding of the universe and inspired generations of scientists and thinkers.

    Albert Einstein Profile

  • 5. Ahmad Mallah, Haji

    Died: 1969 A.D
    Slogan: Quran is the word of God, the light of guidance,the source of wisdom, and the fountain of knowledge.

    Ahmad Mallah, Haji was a Sindhi poet and translator of the Quran. He was born in a village called Kundi in Badin District, Sindh, in 1877. His father was Nangio Mallah, a farmer and a religious scholar. Ahmad Mallah received his early education from his father and then from various teachers in Sindh. He learned Arabic, Persian, Urdu and English languages. He also studied Islamic sciences and literature. He was a moderate Islamic scholar and a follower of the Chishti Sufi order. He wrote poetry in Sindhi and Urdu languages, and also translated some Persian and Arabic works into Sindhi. His most famous and remarkable work is his poetic translation of the Quran in Sindhi language, which he completed in 1958. He named it Noor-ul-Quran (The Light of the Quran). It is considered to be the first and the best poetic translation of the Quran in Sindhi language. It is also a masterpiece of Sindhi poetry and literature. He also wrote a commentary on his translation, explaining the meanings and interpretations of the Quranic verses. He died in 1969 and was buried in Badin.

    Ahmad Mallah, Haji Profile

  • 6. Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan

    Died: 2004 A.D
    Slogan:

    Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan(born 1918, Abu Dhabi — died November 2, 2004) Known as the Father of the Nation for his role in forming the United Arab Emirates, the late H. H. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was the first President of the UAE. He served this position since the formation of the UAE on 2 December 1971 until he passed away in 2004. He also served as the Ruler of the emirate of Abu Dhabi from 1966 to 2004. Born in the city of Al Ain, Sheikh Zayed was the youngest of the four sons of H. H. Sheikh Sultan bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Ruler of Abu Dhabi from 1922 to 1926. Sheikh Zayed was a good listener and an unbiased dispute mediator. He was also renowned for his patience, vision and wisdom; qualities that earned him the title of ‘the wise man of the Arabs’. He ensured that all UAE citizens are instrumental to the nation's collective success. His vision led the UAE to be the GCC’s second biggest economy after KSA, the third largest in the Middle East and according to many prestigious international reports, the most important financial and economic centre in the region.

    Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan Profile

  • 7. Nizar Qabbani

    Died: 1998 A.D
    Slogan: What is the difference between me and the sky?it is that when you laugh, I forget about the sky.

    Nizar Qabbani was a Syrian poet, writer, and publisher who is considered to be one of the most influential and popular poets in the Arab world. He was born in Damascus in 1923 to a middle-class merchant family and was the grandnephew of the pioneering Arab playwright Abu Khalil Qabbani. He studied law at the University of Damascus and graduated in 1945. He then joined the Syrian Foreign Ministry and served as a diplomat in several countries, including Egypt, Turkey, Lebanon, Britain, China, and Spain. He resigned from his diplomatic career in 1966 and moved to Beirut, Lebanon, where he founded his own publishing company. He later lived in Geneva, Switzerland, and London, England, where he died in 1998. Qabbani's poetic style combines simplicity and elegance in exploring themes of love, eroticism, feminism, religion, and Arab nationalism. He wrote more than 20 collections of poetry, some of which were set to music and sung by famous Arab singers. He also wrote prose, essays, and letters. He is known for his innovative use of free verse and his expression of the Arab woman's voice and perspective. He was influenced by the tragic death of his sister, who committed suicide rather than marry a man she did not love, and by the political and social upheavals in the Arab world, especially the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Arab defeat in the 1967 war. He was a staunch critic of Arab regimes and leaders, and a supporter of democracy and human rights. He was also a lover of Arabic culture and language, and a defender of Arab identity and dignity. He received many awards and honors for his literary contributions, and is widely regarded as Syria's national poet.

    Nizar Qabbani Profile

  • 8. France Preseren

    Died: 1849 A.D
    Slogan: Love and wine I do not scorn, nor sweet company of the fair; but freedom's all I wish to share.

    France Prešeren was a 19th-century Romantic Slovene poet, considered the greatest Slovene classical poet and has inspired later Slovene literature. He wrote the first Slovene ballad and the first Slovene epic. After his death, he became the leading name of the Slovene literary canon.

    France Preseren Profile

  • 9. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

    Died: 1938 A.D
    Slogan: Peace at home, peace in the world

    Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was a Turkish soldier, statesman, and reformer who is widely regarded as the founder of the modern Republic of Turkey. He rose to prominence as a military commander in the Ottoman army during World War I, where he successfully defended the Gallipoli peninsula against the Allied invasion. After the war, he led the Turkish War of Independence against the occupying forces of the victorious powers. He established a provisional government in Ankara and repelled the Greek forces that aimed to annex western Anatolia. He abolished the Ottoman monarchy and proclaimed the Republic of Turkey in 1923, becoming its first president. He embarked on a series of radical reforms that transformed Turkey into a secular and westernized nation-state, with a new alphabet, civil code, education system, and women's rights. He also promoted Turkish nationalism and cultural identity, while suppressing Kurdish and other ethnic minorities. He is revered by many Turks as the "Father of the Turks" and the "Great Leader", and his mausoleum in Ankara is a national symbol. He is also widely respected internationally as a visionary leader and a military genius. He died of liver cirrhosis in 1938, leaving behind a lasting legacy of modernization and secularism.

    Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Profile

  • 10. Robert Gordon Menzies

    Died: 1978 A.D
    Slogan: It is better to be defeated on principle than to win on lies.

    Robert Menzies was a prominent Australian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th prime minister of Australia for a total of over 18 years, making him the longest-serving prime minister in Australian history. He held office twice, first from 1939 to 1941 and then from 1949 to 1966. He was also the leader of the United Australia Party (UAP) in his first term and the founder and leader of the Liberal Party of Australia in his second term. Menzies was born in Jeparit, Victoria, on 20 December 1894. He was the fourth of five children of James Menzies, a storekeeper and politician, and Kate Sampson, a miner's daughter. He attended various schools in Ballarat and Melbourne before graduating with first-class honours in law from the University of Melbourne in 1916. He became a barrister in 1918 and quickly established himself as one of the leading lawyers in Victoria. He was appointed a King's Counsel in 1929, the youngest in Victoria at the time. Menzies entered politics in 1928 as a member of the Nationalist Party, which later became the UAP. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council and then to the Legislative Assembly, serving as Attorney-General and Minister for Railways. In 1934, he resigned from state politics and won the federal seat of Kooyong as a UAP candidate. He became Attorney-General and Minister for Industry in Joseph Lyons' government and was also deputy leader of the UAP from 1935. He resigned from cabinet in 1939 over a dispute about national insurance. Menzies became prime minister in April 1939 after Lyons died in office and Earle Page served as caretaker for 18 days. He led Australia into World War II and spent four months in England in 1941 to participate in Winston Churchill's war cabinet. However, he faced opposition from his coalition partner, the Country Party, and from some members of his own party. He lost the confidence of his party and resigned as prime minister in August 1941. He was succeeded by Arthur Fadden, who lasted only 40 days before being replaced by John Curtin of the Labor Party. Menzies remained as leader of the UAP until 1943, when he lost his seat at the federal election. He then helped to create a new conservative party, the Liberal Party of Australia, which he became the inaugural leader of in August 1945. He led the opposition against Curtin's successor, Ben Chifley, until he won the federal election in December 1949. He formed a coalition government with the Country Party and returned as prime minister. Menzies' second term as prime minister lasted for over 16 years, during which he won seven consecutive elections. He presided over a period of economic growth, social stability, immigration expansion, higher education development, national security policies, and international alliances. He strengthened Australia's ties with Britain and the United States, supported the creation of NATO and SEATO, signed the ANZUS Treaty and the Colombo Plan, sent troops to Korea, Malaya, and Vietnam, recognised Israel and Japan as sovereign states, opposed communism and apartheid, promoted British Commonwealth cooperation, and supported constitutional reform. Menzies retired as prime minister in January 1966 at the age of 71. He was succeeded by Harold Holt, who drowned a year later. Menzies remained active in public life until his death in May 1978. He wrote several books, gave lectures, served as chancellor of the University of Melbourne, and was involved in various cultural and educational organisations. He was knighted in 1963 and received many honours and awards, both in Australia and abroad. He was widely regarded as one of the most influential and respected figures in Australian history. Menzies was married to Pattie Maie Leckie, a journalist and political activist, from 1920 until her death in 1978. They had three children: Kenneth, Ian, and Heather. Menzies was a devout Presbyterian and a keen sportsman. He enjoyed cricket, golf, tennis, chess, and bridge. He was also fond of literature, music, art, and history. He had a distinctive voice and a sharp wit, which he used to great effect in his speeches and debates. He was known for his loyalty to his friends and his principles, as well as his ambition and determination. He was nicknamed "Ming" by his supporters and "Pig Iron Bob" by his critics.

    Robert Gordon Menzies Profile

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