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Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali 1944 - 2020 15th Prime Minister of Pakistan
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit 1686 - 1736 Thermometer and temperature scale
Andrej Bajuk Andrej Bajuk 1943 - 2011 Politician
Paul Gustave Fischer Paul Gustave Fischer 1860 - 1934 Painter of city life and bathing scenes
Dilip Kumar Dilip Kumar 1922 - 2021 Actor, film producer, and politician
Naim Frasheri Naim Frasheri 1846 - 1900 Poet, nationalist
Ana Cumpanas Ana Cumpanas 1889 - 1947 Brothel owner
Sergei Witte Sergei Witte 1849 - 1915 Finance minister and prime minister of Russia
Mary John Mary John 1913 - 2004 Community Leader
Henry IV Henry IV 1050 - 1106 Holy Roman Emperor and King of Germany
Norberto Odebrecht Norberto Odebrecht 1920 - 2014 Founder of Odebrecht Group
Halim Perdanakusuma Halim Perdanakusuma 1922 - 1947 Deputy Army chief-of-staff
Helmut Schmidt Helmut Schmidt 1918 - 2015 Chancellor of West Germany
Naziha Salim Naziha Salim 1927 - 2008 Painter and writer
Leonardo Torres Quevedo Leonardo Torres Quevedo 1852 - 1936 Mathematician, physicist and engineer
Vasco Nunez de Balboa Vasco Nunez de Balboa 1475 - 1519 Explorer and governor of Panama
Jose Lutzenberger Jose Lutzenberger 1926 - 2002 environmental activism and organic farming
Haziqul Khairi Haziqul Khairi 1931 - 2023 Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court
Hans Speidel Hans Speidel 1897 - 1984 Military leader of West Germany and NATO
Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba 1453 - 1515 Military leader in the Conquest of Granada
Dokmai Sot Dokmai Sot 1905 - 1963 Novelist
Alexander Barykin Alexander Barykin 1952 - 2011 Folk singer-songwriter
Ahmad Nadeem Qasimi Ahmad Nadeem Qasimi 1916 - 2006 Poet and journalist
Mehmed Fuad Pasha Mehmed Fuad Pasha 1814 - 1869 Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
Jan Kulczyk Jan Kulczyk 1950 - 2015 Founder and owner of Kulczyk Holding
Josef Mengele Josef Mengele 1911 - 1979 Nazi physician and SS officer at Auschwitz
Yannis Ritsos Yannis Ritsos 1909 - 1990 Poet and activist
Billy Fury Billy Fury 1940 - 1983 Rock and roll singer
Markos Botsaris Markos Botsaris 1790 - 1823 Leader of the Souliots and general of the Greek
Carmelia Alves Carmelia Alves 1923 - 2012 Singer of baião and other Brazilian genres
Musa Bin Jaafar Bin Hassan Musa Bin Jaafar Bin Hassan 1950 - 2020 Diplomat
Merle Mitchell Merle Mitchell 1934 - 2021 Community worker and former ACOSS president
Ruby Rich Ruby Rich 1888 - 1988 journalist, editor, and feminist
Sean ac Dhonncha Sean ac Dhonncha 1919 - 1996 Traditional Irish singer
Joe Heaney Joe Heaney 1919 - 1984 Sean-nós singer
Chien Wei-zang Chien Wei-zang 1913 - 1988 Physics, mathematics, mechanics, geology
Miguel Delibes Miguel Delibes 1920 - 2010 Writer, novelist, journalist
Johan Bernhard Hjort Johan Bernhard Hjort 1895 - 1969 Supreme court lawyer
Cristian Vasile Cristian Vasile 1908 - 1974 Romanian Singer
Ganapathi Venkataramana Iyer Ganapathi Venkataramana Iyer 1917 - 2003 Film director and actor
Srikumar Banerjee Srikumar Banerjee 1946 - 2021 Nuclear scientist and engineer
Peter Adler Alberti Peter Adler Alberti 1851 - 1932 Former justice minister and leader
Heba Selim Heba Selim 1947 - 1974 Mossad agent
William Shakespeare William Shakespeare 1564 - 1616 Playwright, poet, actor
Samuel Beckett Samuel Beckett 1906 - 1989 Nobel laureate in literature
Guglielmo Marconi Guglielmo Marconi 1874 - 1937 Inventor
Gao Lingwen Gao Lingwen 1862 - 1945 Historian, linguist, writer
Siti Hartinah Siti Hartinah 1923 - 1996 First Lady of Indonesia
Sriwati Masmundari Sriwati Masmundari 1904 - 2005 Topeng dancer and damar kurung painter
Chris Mba Chris Mba 1959 - 2023 Pop singer
Bujor Nedelcovici Bujor Nedelcovici 1936 - 2023 Novelist
Achmad Nungcik Alcaff Achmad Nungcik Alcaff 1925 - 1987 Actor, director, activist
John Paul II John Paul II 1920 - 2005 Bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church
Vasco Santana Vasco Santana 1898 - 1958 Actor
Pat Kirkwood Pat Kirkwood 1921 - 2007 Stage actress, singer and dancer
Bob Christo Bob Christo 1938 - 2011 Actor in Hindi films
Jens Birkholm Jens Birkholm 1869 - 1915 Painter
Major Tufail Muhammad Shaheed Major Tufail Muhammad Shaheed 1914 - 1958 Recipient of Nishan-e-Haider
Mamman Jiya Vatsa Mamman Jiya Vatsa 1940 - 1986 Minister of the Federal Capital Abuja
Norman Brookes Norman Brookes 1877 - 1968 Tennis player
Feng Yuanjun Feng Yuanjun 1900 - 1974 Religious history, Yuan Dynasty history
Lolo Soetoro Lolo Soetoro 1935 - 1987 Geologist and army colonel
Omar Abu Risha Omar Abu Risha 1910 - 1990 Poet and diplomat
Teki Bicoku Teki Bicoku 1926 - 2009 Editor of Drita and The Adriatic Review
Patrick Fakoya Patrick Fakoya 1993 - 2022 Musician and reality TV star
Marc Bolan Marc Bolan 1947 - 1977 Glam rock pioneer and T. Rex frontman
Harry Crerar Harry Crerar 1888 - 1965 General and soldier
Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi 1921 - 1979 Prime Minister of Afghanistan
Vasily Blucher Vasily Blucher 1889 - 1938 Military leader in the Great Patriotic War
Nwafor Orizu Nwafor Orizu 1914 - 1999 President of the Nigerian Senate
Akbar Khan Akbar Khan 1946 - 2023 Actor, painter and sculptor
Ernst Barlach Ernst Barlach 1870 - 1938 Expressionist sculptor and writer
Marguerite Duras Marguerite Duras 1914 - 1996 novelist
Yusuf al-Khal Yusuf al-Khal 1917 - 1987 Poet, journalist, publisher
Rashid Ali al Kaylani Rashid Ali al Kaylani 1892 - 1937 Prime Minister of Iraq
Sakchai Bamrungpong Sakchai Bamrungpong 1918 - 2014 Diplomat, Author, Journalist
Santiago Carrillo Santiago Carrillo 1915 - 2012 Secretary-general of the Communist Party of Spain
Suzzanna Martha Frederika van Osch Suzzanna Martha Frederika van Osch 1942 - 2008 Actress
Grigore Moisil Grigore Moisil 1906 - 1973 Mathematician, Computer Scientist
Folabi Olumide Folabi Olumide 1936 - 2021 first Vice-Chancellor of Lagos State University
H. G. Wells H. G. Wells 1866 - 1946 Author of The Time Machine, The War of the Worlds
Risto Siliqi Risto Siliqi 1882 - 1936 Poet and publicist
Sayed Yousuf Halim Sayed Yousuf Halim 1959 - 2022 Judge
Prince Maximilian of Baden Prince Maximilian of Baden 1867 - 1929 Chancellor of Germany and Minister
Ahmad Mallah, Haji Ahmad Mallah, Haji 1877 - 1969 Poet and translator of the Quran
Dennis Chukude Osadebay Dennis Chukude Osadebay 1911 - 1994 Premier of Mid-Western Region of Nigeria
Jack Britto Jack Britto 1926 - 2013 Cricketer
Firdous Begum Firdous Begum 1947 - 2020 Film actress and producer
Prayoon Yomyiam Prayoon Yomyiam 1933 - 2010 Folk Singer
Mostafa El-Nahas Mostafa El-Nahas 1879 - 1965 Prime Minister of Egypt
Tommy Prince Tommy Prince 1915 - 1977 Soldier and Advocate
Abdul Malik Kasi Abdul Malik Kasi 1937 - 2021 Minister of Railways and Health
Louis-Andre de Grimaldi Louis-Andre de Grimaldi 1736 - 1804 Bishop of Le Mans and Noyon, Peer of France
Peter Andreas Blix Peter Andreas Blix 1831 - 1901 Railway stations and villas in Swiss chalet style
Jaime Royal Robertson Jaime Royal Robertson 1943 - 2023 Musician, Songwriter, Guitarist
Magdalene Barens Magdalene Barens 1737 - 1808 Painter
Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach 1685 - 1750 Baroque composer and organist
Koxinga Koxinga 1624 - 1662 Southern Ming general and ruler of Taiwan
Angela Marinescu Angela Marinescu 1941 - 2023 Poet
Marie Laforet Marie Laforet 1939 - 2019 Singer and actress
Marin Constantin Marin Constantin 1925 - 2011 Conductor
Jill Bennett Jill Bennett 1931 - 1990 Actress
Mohamed Morsi Mohamed Morsi 1951 - 2019 President of Egypt, leader
Pumpuang Duangjan Pumpuang Duangjan 1961 - 1992 Singer, Actress
Kukrit Pramoj Kukrit Pramoj 1911 - 1995 Politician, Scholar, Writer
Francisco Jorge Stanley Albaitero Francisco Jorge Stanley Albaitero 1942 - 1999 TV host, comedian, poet, politician
Van Tien Dung Van Tien Dung 1917 - 2002 Military General
Karen Volf Karen Volf 1891 - 1946 Director of Knabstrup Teglværk and Lervarefabrik
Nikolai Bogdanov Belsky Nikolai Bogdanov Belsky 1870 - 1960 Art critic and historian
William Tyndale William Tyndale 1494 - 1536 Biblical translator and Protestant reformer
Steve Irwin Steve Irwin 1962 - 2006 wildlife conservationist, television personal
Kristiani Herrawati Kristiani Herrawati 1952 - 2019 First Lady of Indonesia and Political Scientist
Ruth Cracknell Ruth Cracknell 1925 - 2002 comic actress and comedienne
Johnny Raducanu Johnny Raducanu 1931 - 2011 Jazz Musician
Tong Dizhou Tong Dizhou 1902 - 1979 Embryology, cloning, fish biology
Leonard Norman Cohen Leonard Norman Cohen 1934 - 2016 Singer, songwriter, poet, novelist
George I of Great Britain George I of Great Britain 1660 - 1727 King of Great Britain and Ireland
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon 1900 - 2002 Queen
Murad V Murad V 1840 - 1904 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Evan Enwerem Evan Enwerem 1935 - 2007 President of the Nigerian Senate
Hong Yi Hong Yi 1880 - 1942 Painter of the Yangzhou school
Aleksandra Ekster Aleksandra Ekster 1882 - 1949 Painter and designer
Emperor Tenji Emperor Tenji 626 - 672 Emperor of Japan, government reformer
Ahmad Madoun Ahmad Madoun 1941 - 1983 Artist
Hile Mosi Hile Mosi 1885 - 1933 Poet and philologist
Ebn Sina Ebn Sina 980 - 1037 Peripatetic philosophy, medicine, Islamic theology
Bindiganavile Srinivas Ranga Bindiganavile Srinivas Ranga 1917 - 2010 Photographer, actor, producer, director, founder
Dimitrie Paciurea Dimitrie Paciurea 1873 - 1932 Sculptor
Stanislaw August Poniatowski Stanislaw August Poniatowski 1732 - 1798 King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania
Khun Wichitmatra Khun Wichitmatra 1897 - 1980 Writer, Film Director
Friedrich Wohler Friedrich Wohler 1800 - 1882 Organic and inorganic chemistry
Radko Polic Radko Polic 1942 - 2022 Actor
Constantin Daicoviciu Constantin Daicoviciu 1898 - 1973 Historian and archaeologist
Jose Afonso Jose Afonso 1929 - 1987 Folk and protest music
Grigore Gafencu Grigore Gafencu 1892 - 1957 Diplomat
Pedro Septien Pedro Septien 1916 - 2013 Sports broadcaster
Fathi Osman Fathi Osman 1928 - 2010 Islamic author and thinker
Mikhail Mikeshin Mikhail Mikeshin 1835 - 1896 Outdoor statues in the major cities
Allan Fakir Allan Fakir 1932 - 2000 Sufi folk singer
Huang Binhong Huang Binhong 1865 - 1955 Painter of the Yangzhou school
Boudica Boudica 30 - 61 Leader of the Iceni tribe and thest the Romans
Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso 1881 - 1973
Deven Verma Deven Verma 1937 - 2014 Actor, director and producer of Hindi cinema
Agenor Maria Goiuchowski Agenor Maria Goiuchowski 1849 - 1921 Foreign Minister
Fusajiro Yamauchi Fusajiro Yamauchi 1859 - 1940 Founder of Nintendo
Pierre de Berulle Pierre de Berulle 1575 - 1629 Founder of the French school of spirituality
Phan Ke An Phan Ke An 1923 - 2018 Artist
Mohammed Ghani Hikmat Mohammed Ghani Hikmat 1929 - 2011 Creating Baghdad's highest-profile sculptures
Zara Abid Zara Abid 1992 - 2020 Model and actress
Kalpana Chawla Kalpana Chawla 1962 - 2003 Astronaut and aerospace engineer
Creat A Memorial Profile

Top 10 Died Influential People

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  • 1. Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah

    Died: 2001 A.D
    Slogan: The people are the source of my strength

    Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah was the eldest son of Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj and Tengku Ampuan Jemaah. He received his early education at the Pengkalan Batu Malay School in Klang and the Malay College Kuala Kangsar. He then studied at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London for two years. He served with the Civil Service Department as a Trainee Officer with the Selangor Survey Department and later as an Inspector of Schools. He also attended a short-term course at the Malay Military Troop in Port Dickson and was commissioned with the Queen Commission in the rank of captain. He was later promoted to the rank of major. He was appointed as the Tengku Laksamana of Selangor in 1946 and as the Raja Muda (Crown Prince) of Selangor in 1950. He became the Sultan of Selangor on 3 September 1960 after the death of his father. He was known for his modernization efforts in Selangor, such as improving the infrastructure, education, health, and agriculture sectors. He also signed the cession of Kuala Lumpur from Selangor to the Federal Government to form a Federal Territory on 1 February 1974. He was elected as the 11th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia on 26 April 1999 and served until his death on 21 November 2001. He died of a heart attack at the Gleneagles Kuala Lumpur and was buried at the Royal Mausoleum in Klang. He was succeeded by his son, Sharafuddin, as the Sultan of Selangor and by Sirajuddin, the Sultan of Perlis, as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. He was known for his humility, generosity, and compassion. He was also an avid sportsman and patron of various sports associations. He was awarded numerous honours and titles, both locally and internationally, for his contributions and services.

    Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Profile

  • 2. Juan Martin Diez

    Died: 1825 A.D
    Slogan: I will die as I have lived: defending my country and my ideas.

    Juan Martín Díez was born in a peasant family in Castrillo de Duero, Valladolid, Spain on September 5, 1775. He had a passion for military affairs since his childhood and participated in the War of the Pyrenees against France when he was 18. He married María Antonia Santos Platero in 1796 and settled in Fuentecén, Burgos, where he worked as a farmer until the French invasion of Spain in 1808. He then organized a group of guerrillas composed of his friends and relatives to fight against the invaders. He earned the nickname El Empecinado (the Undaunted) for his courage and persistence. He fought in many battles and skirmishes along the Duero river basin and other provinces, harassing and defeating the French troops with his superior knowledge of the terrain and his unconventional tactics. He was promoted to the rank of captain in 1809 and later to brigadier general in 1812. He also collaborated with the regular Spanish army and the British allies led by Wellington. He was a supporter of the liberal Constitution of 1812 and opposed the absolutist monarchy of Ferdinand VII, who abolished the constitution after his restoration in 1814. He joined the liberal uprising of 1820 and defended the constitutional regime against the royalist forces. He was captured by the royalists in 1823 and imprisoned in Pamplona. He was later transferred to Roa de Duero, where he was sentenced to death by hanging on August 20, 1825. He died with dignity and courage, refusing to ask for pardon or mercy. His body was buried in Burgos cemetery. He is regarded as one of the most prominent figures of the Spanish War of Independence and a hero of liberalism. His life inspired many writers, artists, and historians. His name is honored in many streets, squares, monuments, and institutions throughout Spain. His legacy lives on in the Spanish people's struggle for freedom and democracy.

    Juan Martin Diez Profile

  • 3. Guangzong

    Died: 1200 A.D
    Slogan: To inherit the auspiciousness

    Guangzong was the 12th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the third emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He was the third son of his predecessor, Emperor Xiaozong. His mother was Emperor Xiaozong's first wife, Lady Guo, who was posthumously honoured as "Empress Chengmu". His reign was relatively peaceful, but his lack of filial piety eventually made officials replace him with his son Emperor Ningzong. Guangzong suffered from bipolar disorder or severe neurosis since his childhood, but he was reportedly filial to his father. He was crowned as the heir apparent in 1168 and succeeded his father in 1189. He named his reign "Shaoxi", meaning "to inherit the auspiciousness". He also renamed the city of Chongqing, meaning "double celebration", to commemorate his coronation and his father's abdication. Guangzong was influenced by his wife Empress Li Fengniang, who became notorious in Chinese history for being ruthless and shrewd, and for ruling the state through her husband, who became known as a "henpecked weakling" dominated by his wife. Guangzong neglected his duties and indulged in drinking and pleasure. He also listened to some treacherous officials and dismissed the popular military leader Xin Qiji. He alienated his father and even refused to perform state funeral rites when the retired emperor died, which shocked the court. In 1194, Guangzong fell ill and became mentally unstable. He was unable to handle state affairs and was controlled by Empress Li and her brother Li Sheng. The court officials were dissatisfied with the situation and plotted to depose Guangzong. In 1195, they forced Guangzong to abdicate in favor of his eldest son Zhao Kuo, who became Emperor Ningzong. Guangzong was given the title of "Retired Emperor" and lived in seclusion until his death in 1200. He was buried in Yongchong Mausoleum in present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang.

    Guangzong Profile

  • 4. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

    Died: 1948 A.D
    Slogan: Be the change that you wish to see in the world.

    Bapu, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was one of the most influential figures in the history of India and the world. He was born on 2 October 1869 in Porbandar, a coastal town in Gujarat. His father was the chief minister of Porbandar state and his mother was a devout Hindu. He was married to Kasturba Gandhi at the age of 13 and had four sons with her. Bapu studied law in London and became a barrister in 1891. He then moved to South Africa to work as a lawyer for the Indian community there. He faced racial discrimination and injustice in South Africa and began to protest against them using nonviolent methods. He founded the Natal Indian Congress and led campaigns for civil rights and political representation for Indians. He also developed his concept of Satyagraha, or truth force, which was based on non-cooperation, civil disobedience, and peaceful resistance. Bapu returned to India in 1915 and joined the Indian National Congress, a political party that sought to end British colonial rule in India. He became the leader of the Congress in 1921 and launched several mass movements to challenge the British authority. Some of his famous campaigns were the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922), the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934), and the Quit India Movement (1942-1945). He also led the historic Dandi Salt March in 1930, where he and thousands of his followers defied the British salt tax by making their own salt from seawater. Bapu was not only a political leader but also a social reformer and a spiritual guide. He advocated for the upliftment of the poor, the oppressed, and the untouchables. He promoted swadeshi or self-reliance by encouraging Indians to spin their own cloth from khadi or hand-spun cotton. He also preached ahimsa or non-violence as a way of life and a means of achieving harmony among different religions and communities. Bapu played a crucial role in securing India's independence from British rule in 1947. However, he was deeply saddened by the partition of India and Pakistan along religious lines and the violence that followed. He tried to stop the communal riots and appealed for peace and brotherhood. He was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist who blamed him for appeasing Muslims. Bapu's last words were Hey Ram or Oh God. Bapu is widely regarded as the Father of the Nation in India and is revered as a symbol of peace, truth, and non-violence across the world. His birthday, 2 October, is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti in India and as the International Day of Non-Violence by the United Nations. His life and teachings have inspired many leaders and movements for freedom, justice, and human rights around the globe.

    Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Profile

  • 5. Kim Jong-hyun

    Died: 2017 A.D
    Slogan: Even though we can't communicate using the same language, we use music instead.

    Kim Jong-hyun was born on April 8, 1990, in Seoul, South Korea. He developed an interest in music from a young age and joined a school band in middle school. He was scouted by SM Entertainment in 2005, after performing in a song festival with his band. He debuted as the main vocalist of the boy group SHINee in 2008, and quickly rose to fame as one of the most popular and talented singers in the K-pop industry. He also participated in SM Entertainment's project group, SM the Ballad, and collaborated with various artists. He started his solo career in 2015, with the release of his first EP, Base, which topped the Billboard World Albums Chart and the Gaon Album Chart. He followed it up with a compilation album, Story Op.1, in the same year. His first studio album, She Is, was released in 2016, and his second compilation album, Story Op.2, was released in 2017. He also held several solo concert tours, showcasing his versatility and creativity as an artist. He was praised for his artistic control and involvement in the creation of his music, as well as his vocal skills and emotional expression. He was also a radio host, an author, and an advocate for mental health and social issues. He wrote a book titled Skeleton Flower: Things That Have Been Released and Set Free, which contained his personal stories and song lyrics. He also supported various causes, such as the Sewol Ferry disaster victims, the Comfort Women, and the LGBT community. He was known for his kind and gentle personality, and his close relationships with his family, friends, and fans. He died on December 18, 2017, at the age of 27, after committing suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning. He left a note that revealed his struggle with depression and loneliness. His death shocked and saddened the whole world, and sparked a conversation about the importance of mental health awareness and support. His final album, Poet | Artist, was released posthumously on January 23, 2018, and all the profits were donated to his mother and a charity foundation. His music and legacy continue to inspire and touch many people's lives.

    Kim Jong-hyun Profile

  • 6. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

    Died: 1938 A.D
    Slogan: Peace at home, peace in the world

    Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was a Turkish soldier, statesman, and reformer who is widely regarded as the founder of the modern Republic of Turkey. He rose to prominence as a military commander in the Ottoman army during World War I, where he successfully defended the Gallipoli peninsula against the Allied invasion. After the war, he led the Turkish War of Independence against the occupying forces of the victorious powers. He established a provisional government in Ankara and repelled the Greek forces that aimed to annex western Anatolia. He abolished the Ottoman monarchy and proclaimed the Republic of Turkey in 1923, becoming its first president. He embarked on a series of radical reforms that transformed Turkey into a secular and westernized nation-state, with a new alphabet, civil code, education system, and women's rights. He also promoted Turkish nationalism and cultural identity, while suppressing Kurdish and other ethnic minorities. He is revered by many Turks as the "Father of the Turks" and the "Great Leader", and his mausoleum in Ankara is a national symbol. He is also widely respected internationally as a visionary leader and a military genius. He died of liver cirrhosis in 1938, leaving behind a lasting legacy of modernization and secularism.

    Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Profile

  • 7. Emperor Pedro II

    Died: 1891 A.D
    Slogan: May God grant me these last wishes – peace and prosperity for Brazil.

    Pedro II was the second and last emperor of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina. His father's abrupt abdication and departure to Europe in 1831 left the five-year-old as emperor and led to a grim and lonely childhood and adolescence, obliged to spend his time studying in preparation for rule. His experiences with court intrigues and political disputes during this period greatly affected his later character; he grew into a man with a strong sense of duty and devotion toward his country and his people, yet increasingly resentful of his role as monarch. Pedro II inherited an empire on the verge of disintegration, but he turned Brazil into an emerging power in the international arena. The nation grew to be distinguished from its Hispanic neighbors on account of its political stability, zealously guarded freedom of speech, respect for civil rights, vibrant economic growth, and form of government—a functional representative parliamentary monarchy. Brazil was also victorious in the Platine War, the Uruguayan War, and the Paraguayan War, as well as prevailing in several other international disputes and domestic tensions. Pedro II steadfastly pushed through the abolition of slavery despite opposition from powerful political and economic interests. A savant in his own right, the Emperor established a reputation as a vigorous sponsor of learning, culture, and the sciences, and he won the respect and admiration of people such as Charles Darwin, Victor Hugo, and Friedrich Nietzsche, and was a friend to Richard Wagner, Louis Pasteur, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, among others. He was married to Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, with whom he had four children, two of whom died in infancy. He was a devoted father and husband, and a cultured and well-read man. He was also a lover of nature and photography, and a patron of the arts and sciences. He was deposed by a military coup in 1889, which proclaimed Brazil a republic. He accepted the end of the monarchy without resistance and went into exile in Europe with his family. He died in Paris in 1891, at the age of 66, and his remains were later returned to Brazil with honors. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest Brazilian leaders and a champion of democracy, freedom, and progress.

    Emperor Pedro II Profile

  • 8. Hakim Abolghasem Ferdowsi

    Died: 1020 A.D
    Slogan: I suffered during these thirty years, but I have revived the Iranians with my poetry.

    Hakim Abolghasem Ferdowsi was born in 940 CE in a village near Tus, in the Khorasan region of Iran, which was then under the rule of the Samanid dynasty. He belonged to a wealthy family of dehqans, who were Iranian aristocrats and landowners that had preserved their status and culture after the Arab conquest of Iran in the 7th century. Ferdowsi was educated in Persian literature and history, as well as Arabic language and sciences. He married a woman from his own class and had a daughter with her. He devoted most of his adult life to composing his masterpiece, the Shahnameh (The Book of Kings), which is the national epic of Iran and one of the longest poems ever written by a single author. The Shahnameh is based on a prose work of the same name that was compiled in Ferdowsi's youth, which in turn was a translation of a Pahlavi (Middle Persian) work called Khvatay-namak, a history of the kings of Iran from mythical times to the Sassanid dynasty. Ferdowsi also added material from oral traditions, legends, and other sources to his poem, which covers more than 50,000 couplets and spans thousands of years of Iranian history and culture. Ferdowsi composed his poem for the Samanid princes of Khorasan, who were patrons of Persian literature and culture. However, during his lifetime, the Samanid dynasty was overthrown by the Ghaznavid Turks, who were less interested in Ferdowsi's work. Ferdowsi faced many hardships and disappointments in his life, such as the death of his son at a young age, the loss of his patrons and friends, the invasion of his homeland by foreign powers, and the neglect and betrayal of the rulers who commissioned his poem. He died in 1020 CE in Tus, in poverty and bitterness, but also with confidence in his lasting fame. He was buried in his own garden, but later a mausoleum was built over his grave by a Ghaznavid governor. His tomb became a revered site and a symbol of Iranian identity and pride. Ferdowsi is widely regarded as one of the greatest poets in world literature and one of the most influential figures in Iranian history and culture. His Shahnameh is a source of inspiration and identity for Iranians and other Persian-speaking peoples. It is also a valuable document of ancient Iranian myths, legends, history, language, religion, art, and values. Ferdowsi's style is characterized by its epic grandeur, lyrical beauty, moral wisdom, historical accuracy, and cultural richness. He is celebrated as a national hero and a guardian of Persian heritage by Iranians and other admirers around the world.

    Hakim Abolghasem Ferdowsi Profile

  • 9. Agus Salim

    Died: 1954 A.D
    Slogan: The people's welfare is the highest law

    Agus Salim was born on 8 October 1884 in Koto Gadang, a village in North Sumatra. He was the eldest of nine children in a Batak Muslim family. He studied teaching at a school in Medan and then enrolled at a military academy in Bandung. He became a member of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, but following the Japanese invasion in 1942, he joined the Defenders of the Homeland, a Japanese-sponsored militia. After the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945, he enlisted in the fledgling Indonesian armed forces, and fought during the Indonesian National Revolution against the Dutch colonial forces. He rose to prominence as a charismatic and innovative leader, and in 1946, he was appointed commander of the Siliwangi Division, the guerrilla unit operating in West Java. He became known for his hit-and-run tactics, his loyalty to the republic, and his resistance to communist influence. He also developed the concept of territorial warfare, which involved mobilizing the local population to support the military effort. He was captured by the Dutch in 1949, but was released after the recognition of Indonesian sovereignty in 1950. He then became the chief of staff of the Indonesian Army, and later the commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. He was involved in several military and political conflicts, such as the Madiun Affair, the Darul Islam rebellion, the PRRI Permesta rebellion, the West New Guinea dispute, the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, and the 30 September Movement. He survived an assassination attempt during the latter, which was a failed coup attempt by a faction of the army led by communist sympathizers. He lost his position as the defense minister, but remained influential in the military and politics. He supported the rise of General Suharto, who took over the presidency from Sukarno in 1967. He became the speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly, the highest legislative body in the country, and held the position until 1972. He retired from politics in 1978, and spent his later years writing books and giving lectures. He died of a heart attack on 4 November 1954 in Jakarta, and was buried with full military honors at the Kalibata Heroes Cemetery. He is regarded as one of the founding fathers of the Indonesian military and a national hero.

    Agus Salim Profile

  • 10. Faisal I of Iraq

    Died: 1933 A.D
    Slogan: We are the sons of the Arab nation and its sacred mission.

    Faisal I of Iraq was the King of Iraq from 1921 to 1933 and the King of Syria in 1920. He was the son of Hussein bin Ali, the Sharif of Mecca, and a leader of the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire during World War I. He was proclaimed king of Syria by the Syrian National Congress in 1920, but was expelled by the French shortly after. He then became the king of Iraq under the British mandate, and negotiated the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930, which granted Iraq independence while maintaining British influence. He was a proponent of pan-Arabism and supported the Hashemite dynasty in Iraq and Jordan. He died of a heart attack in Bern, Switzerland, in 1933, and was succeeded by his son Ghazi. He is considered one of the most influential figures in modern Iraqi history and a symbol of Iraqi nationalism.

    Faisal I of Iraq Profile

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