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Mitsuru Ushijima Mitsuru Ushijima 1887 - 1945 Commander of the 32nd Army in the Battle
Dinu Lipatti Dinu Lipatti 1917 - 1950 Pianist, Composer
Hafizullah Amin Hafizullah Amin 1929 - 1979 President
Jose Jose Jose Jose 1948 - 2019 Latin pop singer
Rendra Karno Rendra Karno 1920 - 1985 Stage and film actor
Cynthia Okereke Cynthia Okereke 1960 - 2023 Nollywood actress
Hamengkubuwono IX Hamengkubuwono IX 1912 - 1988 Deputy Army chief-of-staff
Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela 1918 - 2013
Robert Schumann Robert Schumann 1810 - 1856 Romantic composer and music critic
Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark 1913 - 2007 Painter
Rasuna Said Rasuna Said 1910 - 1965 Founder of the first school for women
Thomas Patrick McKenna Thomas Patrick McKenna 1929 - 2011 Character actor
Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark 1872 - 1938 Prince and painter
Penelope Penelope -1230 - -1160 Queen of Ithaca and faithful wife of Odysseus
Jalil Zaland Jalil Zaland 1935 - 2009 Singer, Composer
Luciano Pavarotti Luciano Pavarotti 1935 - 2007 Opera singer (tenor)
Maria Teresa Oller Maria Teresa Oller 1920 - 2018 composer and folklorist of the Valencian Community
Ole Paus Ole Paus 1947 - 2023 Singer-songwriter, poet, author
Iosif Berman Iosif Berman 1892 - 1941 Photojournalist
Charles Babbage Charles Babbage 1791 - 1871 Originator of the concept a programmable computer
Ayinde Bakare Ayinde Bakare 1912 - 1972 Jùjú and highlife bandleader
Ronald Golias Ronald Golias 1929 - 2005 Theater and television comedian
Juan Gabriel Juan Gabriel 1950 - 2016 Singer and songwriter
Seti I Seti I -1306 - -1279 Pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty
Pargali Ibrahim Pasha Pargali Ibrahim Pasha 1495 - 1536 Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
Ludwig Beck Ludwig Beck 1880 - 1944 Chief of the German General Staff
Theodoros Kolokotronis Theodoros Kolokotronis 1770 - 1843 General and leader of the Greek War
Nguyen Khanh Nguyen Khanh 1927 - 2013 Military officer, Head of state
Hiep Hoa Hiep Hoa 1847 - 1883 Emperor
Grigory Soroka Grigory Soroka 1823 - 1864 Painter, member of Venetsianov school
Defne Joy Foster Defne Joy Foster 1975 - 2011 Actress, presenter, VJ
Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino 1833 - 1913 Prime Minister
Nestor Mesta Chayres Nestor Mesta Chayres 1908 - 1971 Opera singer and bolero interpreter
Frank Whittle Frank Whittle 1907 - 1996 Inventor and pioneer of the jet engine
Trinh Cong Son Trinh Cong Son 1939 - 2001 Musician, songwriter
Adolfo Lutz Adolfo Lutz 1855 - 1940 tropical medicine and zoology
Abiola Ajimobi Abiola Ajimobi 1949 - 2020 Governor of Oyo State
Pyotr Vologodsky Pyotr Vologodsky 1863 - 1915 Finance minister and prime minister
Chang Chun Chang Chun 1901 - 1986 Premier of the Republic of China
Abdur Rahman Chughtai Abdur Rahman Chughtai 1897 - 1975 Painter and artist
Irving Layton Irving Layton 1912 - 2006 Poet
Khoo Kay Kim Khoo Kay Kim 1937 - 2019 Historian, academic
Dhimiter Beratti Dhimiter Beratti 1886 - 1970 Politician, journalist
Janusz Kusocinski Janusz Kusocinski 1907 - 1940 Olympic runner
Harichand Megha Dalaya Harichand Megha Dalaya 1921 - 2004 Inventor of spray-drying buffalo milk
Bertrand Arthur William Russell Bertrand Arthur William Russell 1872 - 1970 Philosopher and founder of analytic philosophy
Peter Lymburner Robertson Peter Lymburner Robertson 1879 - 1951 Inventor of the Robertson screw and screwdriver
Khadija Mastoor Khadija Mastoor 1927 - 1982 Dramatist and short story writer
Rashid Sabir Rashid Sabir 1945 - 2012 Writer, dramatist, teacher
Josip Primozic Josip Primozic 1900 - 1985 Gymnast
Johannes Brahms Johannes Brahms 1833 - 1897 Composer and pianist of the Romantic period
Shukri al-Asali Shukri al-Asali 1868 - 1916 Parliamentarian and senior inspector
Prince George of Greece and Denmark Prince George of Greece and Denmark 1869 - 1957 High Commissioner of the Cretan State
Jaime Sabines Jaime Sabines 1926 - 1999 Poet and politician
Yasuhiro Nakasone Yasuhiro Nakasone 1918 - 2019 Prime Minister of Japan
Taha al Hashimi Taha al Hashimi 1888 - 1961 Minister of Defense and Prime Minister of Iraq
Bharat Bhushan Bharat Bhushan 1920 - 1992 Playing Baiju Bawra in the 1952 film
Mirza Muhammad Ali Mirza Muhammad Ali 1853 - 1913 Ottoman generalissimo and grand vizier
Luis Barragan Luis Barragan 1902 - 1988 Modernist architect and landscape designer
Marie Therese Charlotte of France Marie Therese Charlotte of France 1778 - 1851 Daughter of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
Shabbir Mirza Shabbir Mirza 1946 - 2023 Actor and comedian
Betty Cuthbert Betty Cuthbert 1938 - 2017 Olympic champion
Alf Proysen Alf Proysen 1914 - 1970 Author of Mrs. Pepperpot stories
Julia Kavanagh Julia Kavanagh 1824 - 1877 Novelist and biographer
Burhanuddin al-Helmy Burhanuddin al-Helmy 1911 - 1969 President of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)
Noel Counihan Noel Counihan 1913 - 1986 Artist and activist
Pablo Casals Pablo Casals 1876 - 1973 Cellist, composer, conductor
John Entwistle John Entwistle 1944 - 2002 Bassist, songwriter, singer
Adamantios Korais Adamantios Korais 1748 - 1833 Greek humanist scholar
Erich Priebke Erich Priebke 1913 - 2013 SS commander and Gestapo officer
Edith Piaf Edith Piaf 1915 - 1963 Singer and actress
Muhammad al-Imadi Muhammad al-Imadi 1930 - 2022 Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade
Romeo Sabourin Romeo Sabourin 1923 - 1944 Spy
Corneliu Coposu Corneliu Coposu 1914 - 1995 politician
Vasile Parvan Vasile Parvan 1882 - 1927 Historian and Archaeologist
Cindy Williams Cindy Williams 1947 - 2023 actress
Cezar Petrescu Cezar Petrescu 1892 - 1961 Writer
Wu Dacheng Wu Dacheng 1835 - 1902 Collector, politician, governor, author, artist
Pierre Guillaume Frederic le Play Pierre Guillaume Frederic le Play 1806 - 1882 Sociologist and engineer
Muhammad Abduh Muhammad Abduh 1849 - 1905 Islamic scholar, jurist, and Grand Mufti of Egypt
Rebecca Adebimpe Adekola Rebecca Adebimpe Adekola 1971 - 2002 Actress
Do Quang Em Do Quang Em 1942 - 2021 Painter
Kantaro Suzuki Kantaro Suzuki 1868 - 1948 Prime Minister of Japan
Cyril of Alexandria Cyril of Alexandria 376 - 444 Patriarch of Alexandria and defender of orthodoxy
Chu Ki-chol Chu Ki-chol 1897 - 1944 Presbyterian minister
Antonio Vivaldi Antonio Vivaldi 1678 - 1741 Composer
Charles Cecil Ingersoll Merritt Charles Cecil Ingersoll Merritt 1908 - 2000 Soldier
Wilhelm Bendz Wilhelm Bendz 1804 - 1832 Painter
Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau 1888 - 1931 Film director, producer, screenwriter
Fusajiro Yamauchi Fusajiro Yamauchi 1859 - 1940 Founder of Nintendo
Ahmed Rushdi Ahmed Rushdi 1934 - 1983 Folk singer and musician
Zoia Ceausescu Zoia Ceausescu 1949 - 2006 Mathematician
Llazar Fundo Llazar Fundo 1899 - 1944 Writer, philosopher, activist
Traian T. Cosovei Traian T. Cosovei 1954 - 2014 Poet
Abdul Malik Kasi Abdul Malik Kasi 1937 - 2021 Minister of Railways and Health
Guan Qiao Guan Qiao 1935 - 2022 welding engineer
Plutarco Elias Calles Plutarco Elias Calles 1877 - 1945 President of Mexico, founder of PRI
Wilhelm August Graah Wilhelm August Graah 1793 - 1863 Explorer and cartographer of Greenland
Huseyin Rahmi Gurpinar Huseyin Rahmi Gurpinar 1864 - 1944 Novelist and journalist
Bartolome de Las Casas Bartolome de Las Casas 1484 - 1566 Dominican friar defender of indigenous people
Peter the Hermit Peter the Hermit 1050 - 1115 Crusader and preacher
Sarah Hegazi Sarah Hegazi 1989 - 2020 IT specialist
Tonny Koeswoyo Tonny Koeswoyo 1936 - 1987 Leader of Koes Plus
Ali Merdan Ali Merdan 1904 - 1981 Musician and singer of Kurdish songs
Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont 1861 - 1922 British royal family member by marriage
Harry Brogan Harry Brogan 1904 - 1979 Actor
Geo Bogza Geo Bogza 1908 - 1993 Poet, essayist, journalist
Rushdi al-Kikhya Rushdi al-Kikhya 1899 - 1987 Founder of the People's Party
Ion Mihalache Ion Mihalache 1882 - 1963 Politician
Jose Wilker Jose Wilker 1944 - 2014 Actor, director
Francis I of France Francis I of France 1494 - 1547 king of France and patron of the arts
Vintila Ion Constantin Bratianu Vintila Ion Constantin Bratianu 1867 - 1930 Politician
Angela Marinescu Angela Marinescu 1941 - 2023 Poet
Ptolemy X Alexander I Ptolemy X Alexander I -144 - -88 King of Egypt and Cyprus
Iolanda Balas Iolanda Balas 1936 - 2016 Athlete
Sergio Vieira de Mello Sergio Vieira de Mello 1948 - 2003 UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
Gabriel Okara Gabriel Okara 1921 - 2019 Poet and novelist
Radu Vasile Radu Vasile 1942 - 2013 Prime Minister
Helder Camara Helder Camara 1909 - 1999 Archbishop of Olinda and Recife
Borys Paton Borys Paton 1918 - 2020 Chairman of the National Academy of Sciences
Widjojo Nitisastro Widjojo Nitisastro 1917 - 2001 President Director of Pertamina
Tsin Ting Tsin Ting 1934 - 2022 Punjabi folk singer and dubbing artist
Alberto Nepomuceno Alberto Nepomuceno 1864 - 1920 Brazilian classical music pioneer
Abdul Hamid II Abdul Hamid II 1842 - 1918 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam
Alec Issigonis Alec Issigonis 1906 - 1988 Automotive designer and engineer
William Beynon William Beynon 1888 - 1958 Ethnographer, Hereditary Chief
Shakir Hassan Al Said Shakir Hassan Al Said 1925 - 2004 Painter, sculptor and writer
Fyodor Alekseyev Fyodor Alekseyev 1753 - 1824 Cityscapes and landscapes
Ernesto Che Guevara Ernesto Che Guevara 1928 - 1967 Doctor writer guerrilla diplomat war theorist
Kalipada Ghoshal Kalipada Ghoshal 1906 - 1995 Painter
Rocio Orsi Portalo Rocio Orsi Portalo 1976 - 2014 Philosopher, essayist, and translator
Chucho Navarro Chucho Navarro 1913 - 1993 Founding member of Trio Los Panchos
Henri Alekan Henri Alekan 1909 - 2001 Cinematographer of Beauty and the Beast
Christian Leden Christian Leden 1882 - 1957 Ethnomusicologist and explorer
Kaimook Chuto Kaimook Chuto 1938 - 1995 Sculptor
Gellu Naum Gellu Naum 1915 - 2001 Poet
Masaki Kobayashi Masaki Kobayashi 1916 - 1996 Film director and screenwriter
Marie Hamsun Marie Hamsun 1881 - 1969 Actress and writer
Confucius Confucius -551 - -479
Wojciech Dlugoraj Wojciech Dlugoraj 1557 - 1619 Renaissance composer and lutenist
Djedefre Djedefre -2575 - -2465 King of the 4th Dynasty
Jacques Offenbach Jacques Offenbach 1819 - 1880 Operetta pioneer
Nguyen Duc Toan Nguyen Duc Toan 1929 - 2016 Composer
Kazimierz Funk Kazimierz Funk 1884 - 1967 Biochemist
Adam Hanuszkiewicz Adam Hanuszkiewicz 1924 - 2011 Actor and director of theater and television
James Naismith James Naismith 1861 - 1939 Physical educator and sports coach
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 1886 - 1969 Architect and educator
William Christopher Macdonald William Christopher Macdonald 1831 - 1917 Tobacco manufacturer and education benefactor
Padmarajan Padmanabhan Pillai better known Padmarajan Padmanabhan Pillai better known 1945 - 1991 Filmmaker, writer, and newsreader
Mustafa al-Siba'i Mustafa al-Siba'i 1915 - 1964 leader of the Muslim Brotherhood
Creat A Memorial Profile

Top 10 Died Influential People

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  • 1. Hakim Abolghasem Ferdowsi

    Died: 1020 A.D
    Slogan: I suffered during these thirty years, but I have revived the Iranians with my poetry.

    Hakim Abolghasem Ferdowsi was born in 940 CE in a village near Tus, in the Khorasan region of Iran, which was then under the rule of the Samanid dynasty. He belonged to a wealthy family of dehqans, who were Iranian aristocrats and landowners that had preserved their status and culture after the Arab conquest of Iran in the 7th century. Ferdowsi was educated in Persian literature and history, as well as Arabic language and sciences. He married a woman from his own class and had a daughter with her. He devoted most of his adult life to composing his masterpiece, the Shahnameh (The Book of Kings), which is the national epic of Iran and one of the longest poems ever written by a single author. The Shahnameh is based on a prose work of the same name that was compiled in Ferdowsi's youth, which in turn was a translation of a Pahlavi (Middle Persian) work called Khvatay-namak, a history of the kings of Iran from mythical times to the Sassanid dynasty. Ferdowsi also added material from oral traditions, legends, and other sources to his poem, which covers more than 50,000 couplets and spans thousands of years of Iranian history and culture. Ferdowsi composed his poem for the Samanid princes of Khorasan, who were patrons of Persian literature and culture. However, during his lifetime, the Samanid dynasty was overthrown by the Ghaznavid Turks, who were less interested in Ferdowsi's work. Ferdowsi faced many hardships and disappointments in his life, such as the death of his son at a young age, the loss of his patrons and friends, the invasion of his homeland by foreign powers, and the neglect and betrayal of the rulers who commissioned his poem. He died in 1020 CE in Tus, in poverty and bitterness, but also with confidence in his lasting fame. He was buried in his own garden, but later a mausoleum was built over his grave by a Ghaznavid governor. His tomb became a revered site and a symbol of Iranian identity and pride. Ferdowsi is widely regarded as one of the greatest poets in world literature and one of the most influential figures in Iranian history and culture. His Shahnameh is a source of inspiration and identity for Iranians and other Persian-speaking peoples. It is also a valuable document of ancient Iranian myths, legends, history, language, religion, art, and values. Ferdowsi's style is characterized by its epic grandeur, lyrical beauty, moral wisdom, historical accuracy, and cultural richness. He is celebrated as a national hero and a guardian of Persian heritage by Iranians and other admirers around the world.

    Hakim Abolghasem Ferdowsi Profile

  • 2. Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan

    Died: 2004 A.D
    Slogan:

    Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan(born 1918, Abu Dhabi — died November 2, 2004) Known as the Father of the Nation for his role in forming the United Arab Emirates, the late H. H. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was the first President of the UAE. He served this position since the formation of the UAE on 2 December 1971 until he passed away in 2004. He also served as the Ruler of the emirate of Abu Dhabi from 1966 to 2004. Born in the city of Al Ain, Sheikh Zayed was the youngest of the four sons of H. H. Sheikh Sultan bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Ruler of Abu Dhabi from 1922 to 1926. Sheikh Zayed was a good listener and an unbiased dispute mediator. He was also renowned for his patience, vision and wisdom; qualities that earned him the title of ‘the wise man of the Arabs’. He ensured that all UAE citizens are instrumental to the nation's collective success. His vision led the UAE to be the GCC’s second biggest economy after KSA, the third largest in the Middle East and according to many prestigious international reports, the most important financial and economic centre in the region.

    Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan Profile

  • 3. France Preseren

    Died: 1849 A.D
    Slogan: Love and wine I do not scorn, nor sweet company of the fair; but freedom's all I wish to share.

    France Prešeren was a 19th-century Romantic Slovene poet, considered the greatest Slovene classical poet and has inspired later Slovene literature. He wrote the first Slovene ballad and the first Slovene epic. After his death, he became the leading name of the Slovene literary canon.

    France Preseren Profile

  • 4. Ahmadu Bello

    Died: 1966 A.D
    Slogan: Work and worship

    Ahmadu Bello was a conservative Nigerian statesman who masterminded Northern Nigeria through the independence of Nigeria in 1960 and served as its first and only premier from 1954 until his assassination in 1966. He was also the leader of the Northern People's Congress, the ruling party at the time consisting of the Hausa–Fulani elite. He had previously been elected into the regional legislature and later became a government minister. A member of the Sokoto Caliphate dynasty, he made attempts at becoming Sultan of Sokoto before later joining politics. He was a descendant of Uthman dan Fodio, the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, and a grandson of Sultan Atiku na Raba. He received Islamic education at home, where he learnt the Qur'an, Islamic jurisprudence and the traditions of Muhammad. He later attended Sokoto Provincial School and the Katsina Training College (now Barewa College). During his school days, he was known as Ahmadu Rabah. He finished school in 1931 and subsequently became the English teacher in Sokoto Middle School. In 1934, Bello was made the District Head of Rabah by Sultan Hassan dan Mu'azu, succeeding his brother. In 1938, he was promoted to the position of Divisional Head of Gusau and became a member of the Sultan's council. In 1938, at the age of just 28, he made attempts to become the Sultan of Sokoto but was not successful, losing to Sir Siddiq Abubakar III who reigned for 50 years until his death in 1988. The new Sultan immediately made Sir Ahmadu Bello the Sardauna (Crown Prince) of Sokoto, a chieftaincy title, and promoted him to the Sokoto Native Authority Council. These titles automatically made him the Chief Political Adviser to the Sultan. Later, he was put in charge of the Sokoto Province to oversee 47 districts and by 1944, he was back at the Sultan's Palace to work as the Chief Secretary of the State Native Administration. He entered politics in 1949 as a member of the Northern House of Assembly and a representative of the Sokoto Native Authority. In 1951, he was elected to the House of Representatives in Lagos as a member of the Northern People's Congress (NPC), a party that he helped to form. He became the first Premier of Northern Nigeria in 1954. He was a strong advocate of the modernization and unity of Northern Nigeria, and he opposed the secessionist agenda of some southern politicians. He worked to improve the education, health, agriculture, and infrastructure of the region. He also supported the establishment of the Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, the second largest university in Africa. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1959. He was assassinated on 15 January 1966 in a military coup led by Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu, an Igbo officer. He died alongside his wife, Hafsatu, and his aide, Ahmed Ben Musa. He was buried in Sokoto, and his tomb is a national monument. He is widely revered in Northern Nigeria as a visionary leader and a symbol of the region's identity and history.

    Ahmadu Bello Profile

  • 5. Lars Kruse

    Died: 1894 A.D
    Slogan: Humble in speech, proud in deed, Christian in action, man in his boat.

    Lars Kruse was born in Skagen, Denmark, on 5 June 1828. He was the son of Johan Hinrich Jes Kruse, a Danish school founder, and his wife Anna Magdalene Christine Becker. He started fishing at an early age and participated in many rescue attempts off the dangerous shores of Skagen. One of his most famous rescues was on 27 December 1862, when he saved the crew of the Swedish brig Daphne, after the lifeboat had capsized and killed eight of its crew. He was appointed as the head of lifesaving in Skagen and received several medals and honors from Denmark and other countries for his bravery and service. He also inspired the painter Michael Ancher, who portrayed him in several works. He married twice and had three children. He drowned on 9 March 1894, while trying to land his boat in a snowstorm. He was buried at Skagen Cemetery with a memorial stone bearing the words of Holger Drachmann: Here lies under the sand of the dune A brave sailor's bones But Skagen's reef and shoals Recognize their duty And sing of Lars Kruse's life A loud heroic poem.

    Lars Kruse Profile

  • 6. Qaboos bin Said al Said

    Died: 2020 A.D
    Slogan: We are friends to all and enemies to none.

    Qaboos bin Said al Said was the Sultan of Oman from 1970 until his death in 2020. He was a fifteenth-generation descendant of the founder of the House of Al Said and was the longest-serving leader in the Middle East and Arab world at the time of his death. Educated in England, he served briefly in the British Army before returning to Oman. After overthrowing his father in a coup d'état, he implemented policies of modernization and ended Oman's international isolation. His reign saw a rise in living standards and development in the country, the abolition of slavery, the end of the Dhofar Rebellion, and the promulgation of Oman's constitution.

    Qaboos bin Said al Said Profile

  • 7. Stephen the Great

    Died: 1504 A.D
    Slogan: Faithful to God and my people

    Stephen III, known as Stephen the Great, was the Voivode of Moldavia from 1457 to 1504. He is celebrated for strengthening Moldavia's statehood and maintaining its independence against the ambitions of Hungary, Poland, and the Ottoman Empire. He was victorious in thirty-four of his thirty-six battles and was one of the first to win a decisive victory over the Ottomans at the Battle of Vaslui. His reign is marked by numerous military campaigns and the construction of many churches, earning him the title 'Athleta Christi' by Pope Sixtus IV.

    Stephen the Great Profile

  • 8. Ahmad Mallah, Haji

    Died: 1969 A.D
    Slogan: Quran is the word of God, the light of guidance,the source of wisdom, and the fountain of knowledge.

    Ahmad Mallah, Haji was a Sindhi poet and translator of the Quran. He was born in a village called Kundi in Badin District, Sindh, in 1877. His father was Nangio Mallah, a farmer and a religious scholar. Ahmad Mallah received his early education from his father and then from various teachers in Sindh. He learned Arabic, Persian, Urdu and English languages. He also studied Islamic sciences and literature. He was a moderate Islamic scholar and a follower of the Chishti Sufi order. He wrote poetry in Sindhi and Urdu languages, and also translated some Persian and Arabic works into Sindhi. His most famous and remarkable work is his poetic translation of the Quran in Sindhi language, which he completed in 1958. He named it Noor-ul-Quran (The Light of the Quran). It is considered to be the first and the best poetic translation of the Quran in Sindhi language. It is also a masterpiece of Sindhi poetry and literature. He also wrote a commentary on his translation, explaining the meanings and interpretations of the Quranic verses. He died in 1969 and was buried in Badin.

    Ahmad Mallah, Haji Profile

  • 9. Emperor Pedro II

    Died: 1891 A.D
    Slogan: May God grant me these last wishes – peace and prosperity for Brazil.

    Pedro II was the second and last emperor of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina. His father's abrupt abdication and departure to Europe in 1831 left the five-year-old as emperor and led to a grim and lonely childhood and adolescence, obliged to spend his time studying in preparation for rule. His experiences with court intrigues and political disputes during this period greatly affected his later character; he grew into a man with a strong sense of duty and devotion toward his country and his people, yet increasingly resentful of his role as monarch. Pedro II inherited an empire on the verge of disintegration, but he turned Brazil into an emerging power in the international arena. The nation grew to be distinguished from its Hispanic neighbors on account of its political stability, zealously guarded freedom of speech, respect for civil rights, vibrant economic growth, and form of government—a functional representative parliamentary monarchy. Brazil was also victorious in the Platine War, the Uruguayan War, and the Paraguayan War, as well as prevailing in several other international disputes and domestic tensions. Pedro II steadfastly pushed through the abolition of slavery despite opposition from powerful political and economic interests. A savant in his own right, the Emperor established a reputation as a vigorous sponsor of learning, culture, and the sciences, and he won the respect and admiration of people such as Charles Darwin, Victor Hugo, and Friedrich Nietzsche, and was a friend to Richard Wagner, Louis Pasteur, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, among others. He was married to Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, with whom he had four children, two of whom died in infancy. He was a devoted father and husband, and a cultured and well-read man. He was also a lover of nature and photography, and a patron of the arts and sciences. He was deposed by a military coup in 1889, which proclaimed Brazil a republic. He accepted the end of the monarchy without resistance and went into exile in Europe with his family. He died in Paris in 1891, at the age of 66, and his remains were later returned to Brazil with honors. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest Brazilian leaders and a champion of democracy, freedom, and progress.

    Emperor Pedro II Profile

  • 10. Juan Martin Diez

    Died: 1825 A.D
    Slogan: I will die as I have lived: defending my country and my ideas.

    Juan Martín Díez was born in a peasant family in Castrillo de Duero, Valladolid, Spain on September 5, 1775. He had a passion for military affairs since his childhood and participated in the War of the Pyrenees against France when he was 18. He married María Antonia Santos Platero in 1796 and settled in Fuentecén, Burgos, where he worked as a farmer until the French invasion of Spain in 1808. He then organized a group of guerrillas composed of his friends and relatives to fight against the invaders. He earned the nickname El Empecinado (the Undaunted) for his courage and persistence. He fought in many battles and skirmishes along the Duero river basin and other provinces, harassing and defeating the French troops with his superior knowledge of the terrain and his unconventional tactics. He was promoted to the rank of captain in 1809 and later to brigadier general in 1812. He also collaborated with the regular Spanish army and the British allies led by Wellington. He was a supporter of the liberal Constitution of 1812 and opposed the absolutist monarchy of Ferdinand VII, who abolished the constitution after his restoration in 1814. He joined the liberal uprising of 1820 and defended the constitutional regime against the royalist forces. He was captured by the royalists in 1823 and imprisoned in Pamplona. He was later transferred to Roa de Duero, where he was sentenced to death by hanging on August 20, 1825. He died with dignity and courage, refusing to ask for pardon or mercy. His body was buried in Burgos cemetery. He is regarded as one of the most prominent figures of the Spanish War of Independence and a hero of liberalism. His life inspired many writers, artists, and historians. His name is honored in many streets, squares, monuments, and institutions throughout Spain. His legacy lives on in the Spanish people's struggle for freedom and democracy.

    Juan Martin Diez Profile

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