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Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 1800 - 1831 Duchess consort of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Junaid Jamshed Junaid Jamshed 1964 - 2016 Qawwali singer and music director
Manchanahalli Rangaswamy Satyanarayana Rao Manchanahalli Rangaswamy Satyanarayana Rao 1948 - 2023 Chromatin Biology and Cancer Biology
Mirwais Jalil Mirwais Jalil 1969 - 1994 Journalist
Taha al Hashimi Taha al Hashimi 1888 - 1961 Minister of Defense and Prime Minister of Iraq
Ingeborg Appel Ingeborg Appel 1868 - 1948 Gymnastics teacher, folk high school leader
Carlo Pedersoli Carlo Pedersoli 1929 - 2016 Actor, professional swimmer and water polo player
Ouay Ketusingh Ouay Ketusingh 1908 - 1990 Physician, Professor
Chandulal Shah Chandulal Shah 1898 - 1975 director, producer, screenwriter, founder
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh 1921 - 2021 Royal consort of Queen Elizabeth II
Erich Priebke Erich Priebke 1913 - 2013 SS commander and Gestapo officer
Theo Albrecht Theo Albrecht 1922 - 2010 Co-founder of Aldi, owner of Trader Joe's
Jigoro Kano Jigoro Kano 1860 - 1938 Founder of judo and first Asian member of the IOC
Alhaji Ahmed Hassan Jumare Alhaji Ahmed Hassan Jumare 1950 - 2021 Former Speaker of Kaduna State House of Assembly
Bappi Lahiri Bappi Lahiri 1952 - 2022 Playback singer
Berenice IV Berenice IV -77 - -55 Queen of the Ptolemaic dynasty
Feodor Bruni Feodor Bruni 1799 - 1875 Painting portraits
Sir Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton 1642 - 1727 Laws of motion, Universal gravitation
Oswaldo Mendoza Baca Oswaldo Mendoza Baca 1908 - 1962 Chemist and Professor
Joan Lindsay Joan Lindsay 1896 - 1984 Novelist and painter who wrote Picnic
Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt 1789 - 1848 General and viceroy of Egypt
Gregory V of Constantinople Gregory V of Constantinople 1746 - 1821 Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
Bartolome Esteban Murillo Bartolome Esteban Murillo 1617 - 1682 Painter of the Spanish Baroque school
Shizo Kanakuri Shizo Kanakuri 1891 - 1983 Marathon runner and one of the early leaders
Turki bin Said Turki bin Said 1832 - 1888 Sultan
Paul Cezanne Paul Cezanne 1839 - 1906 Post-Impressionist painter
Mustafa Dagistanli Mustafa Dagistanli 1931 - 2022 Wrestler and politician
Yu Kuo-hwa Yu Kuo-hwa 1914 - 2000 Premier of the Republic of China
Nguyen Cao Ky Nguyen Cao Ky 1930 - 2011 Prime Minister
Direk Jayanama Direk Jayanama 1905 - 1967 Diplomat, Politician
Sadiq Abubakar Daba Sadiq Abubakar Daba 1951 - 2021 Actor and broadcaster
Khawaja Khurshid Anwar Khawaja Khurshid Anwar 1912 - 1984 Filmmaker, writer, director and music composer
Kwon Rise Kwon Rise 1991 - 2014 Member of Ladies' Code
Hammoudi ibn Ibrahim Hammoudi ibn Ibrahim 1875 - 1953 Archaeological foreman
Damrong Rajanubhab Damrong Rajanubhab 1862 - 1943 Founder of modern education
Antonio Abujamra Antonio Abujamra 1932 - 2015 acting in O Cangaceiro and other films
Myer Prinstein Myer Prinstein 1878 - 1925 Track and field athlete
Irene Ayako Uchida Irene Ayako Uchida 1917 - 2013 Geneticist and scientist
France Acko France Acko 1904 - 1974 Musician, Organist, Composer
Oba Sir Musendiku Buraimoh Adeniji Adele II Oba Sir Musendiku Buraimoh Adeniji Adele II 1893 - 1964 Oba of Lagos
Saydal Sokhandan Saydal Sokhandan 1950 - 1973 Maoist student leader
Frederik van Pallandt Frederik van Pallandt 1934 - 1994 Singer and actor, part of the duo Nina & Frederik
Johan Falkberget Johan Falkberget 1879 - 1967 Author and journalist
Vasily Surikov Vasily Surikov 1848 - 1916 Painter and art teacher
Leslie Cheung Leslie Cheung 1956 - 2003 Hong Kong singer and actor
Hans E. Kinck Hans E. Kinck 1865 - 1926 Novelist, short-story writer, dramatist, essayist
Carmen de Burgos Carmen de Burgos 1867 - 1932 Writer, journalist, translator, pedagogue
Payut Ngaokrachang Payut Ngaokrachang 1929 - 2010 Cartoonist, Animator, Film Director
Nguyen Khuyen Nguyen Khuyen 1835 - 1909 Poet
Monica Vitti Monica Vitti 1931 - 2022 Actress
Ptolemy IX Soter Ptolemy IX Soter -143 - -81 King of Ptolemaic Egypt
Sadequain Sadequain 1930 - 1987 Painter and poet
Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy 1928 - 2010 Grand Imam of Al-Azhar
Vilhelm Groth Vilhelm Groth 1860 - 1935 Painter,landscape artist, member of Den Frie
Nostradamus Nostradamus 1503 - 1566 Astrologer and physician
Fu Baoshi Fu Baoshi 1904 - 1965 Chinese ink painting, religious history
Nathan Mayer Rothschild Nathan Mayer Rothschild 1777 - 1836 Founder of the English branch
Gerd Thoreid Gerd Thoreid 1924 - 2020 Stand-up comedian
Paulo Emilio Vanzolini Paulo Emilio Vanzolini 1924 - 2013 divulgation of science and medicine
Claude La Colombiere Claude La Colombiere 1641 - 1682 Priest and confessor of Margaret Mary Alacoque
Henry VI Henry VI 1421 - 1471 King of England and disputed King of France
Monteiro Lobato Monteiro Lobato 1882 - 1948 Novelist and children's literature author
Zola Amaro Zola Amaro 1891 - 1944 Operatic soprano
Rizwan Wasti Rizwan Wasti 1937 - 2011 Television actor, banker, and newscaster
Rolf Harris Rolf Harris 1930 - 2023 Musician, painter, actor television personality
Olaf Jacob Martin Luther Breda Bull Olaf Jacob Martin Luther Breda Bull 1883 - 1933 Poet
Leonardo Torres Quevedo Leonardo Torres Quevedo 1852 - 1936 Mathematician, physicist and engineer
Leny Andrade Leny Andrade 1934 - 2023 Samba-canção singer and actress
Valeriu Sterian Valeriu Sterian 1952 - 2000 musician
Frida Schou Frida Schou 1891 - 1980 Director of Knabstrup Teglværk and Lervarefabrik
Erik Hansen Erik Hansen 1889 - 1965 Architect of many buildings in Copenhagen
Vikram Sarabhai Vikram Sarabhai 1919 - 1971 Physicist and astronomer, founder of ISRO
Lee Eun-ju Lee Eun-ju 1980 - 2005 Actress
Egon Zakrajsek Egon Zakrajsek 1941 - 2002 Economist
Sassoon Eskell Sassoon Eskell 1860 - 1932 Deputy for the Iraqi Parliament
Bergen Bergen 1958 - 1989 Arabesque singer
Achmad Soebardjo Achmad Soebardjo 1896 - 1978 Poet, politician, first Foreign Minister
Aron Cotrus Aron Cotrus 1891 - 1961 Poet, Diplomat
Ken Saro-Wiwa Ken Saro-Wiwa 1941 - 1995 Writer, television producer
Alexander Deyneka Alexander Deyneka 1899 - 1969 Painter, graphic artist and sculptor
Gal Costa Gal Costa 1945 - 2022 Samba-canção singer and actress
Go Yoo-min Go Yoo-min 1995 - 2020 Professional volleyball player
Sabri al-Asali Sabri al-Asali 1903 - 1976 Prime minister of Syria
Masahiko Kimura Masahiko Kimura 1917 - 1993 Judo champion and professional wrestler
As-Salih Ayyub As-Salih Ayyub 1205 - 1249 Sultan of Egypt
Sergei Witte Sergei Witte 1849 - 1915 Finance minister and prime minister of Russia
Rakhshanda Khattak Rakhshanda Khattak 1947 - 2011 Model and actress
Dimitrie Cuclin Dimitrie Cuclin 1885 - 1978 Composer
Barbara Yung Barbara Yung 1959 - 1985 Hong Kong actress and TV star
Loda Halama Loda Halama 1911 - 1996 Primabalerina of Grand Theatre, Warsaw
Maruja Mallo Maruja Mallo 1902 - 1995 Painter
Juan Ramon Jimenez Juan Ramon Jimenez 1881 - 1958 Poet and Nobel Prize winner
Hurustiati Subandrio Hurustiati Subandrio 1918 - 1974 Parliament member of Indonesia
Obaid Siddiqi Obaid Siddiqi 1932 - 2013 Molecular biology, neurogenetics
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Mustafa Kemal Ataturk 1881 - 1938 Founder and first president of Turkey
Kirin Kiki Kirin Kiki 1943 - 2018 Actress for Japanese cinema and television
Ruby Rich Ruby Rich 1888 - 1988 journalist, editor, and feminist
Leona Vicario Leona Vicario 1789 - 1842 Independence fighter
Hovhannes Tcholakian Hovhannes Tcholakian 1919 - 2016 Archbishop of the Armenian Catholic Church
Avram Iancu Avram Iancu 1824 - 1872 lawyer, revolutionary
Herbert Edward Badham Herbert Edward Badham 1899 - 1961 Realist painter and art teacher
Badawi al-Jabal Badawi al-Jabal 1903 - 1981 Poet, writer, nationalist leader
Mohammad Musa Shafiq Mohammad Musa Shafiq 1932 - 1979 Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Afghanistan
Peter O'Toole Peter O'Toole 1932 - 2013 Actor of stage and screen
Fazal Mahmood Fazal Mahmood 1927 - 2005 Leg spin bowler
Concha Michel Concha Michel 1899 - 1990 Singer-songwriter, political activist, playwright
Raed Fares Raed Fares 1972 - 2018 Founder of Radio Fresh FM
Paul Unongo Paul Unongo 1935 - 2022 Minister of Power and Steel
Sukru Kaya Sukru Kaya 1883 - 1959 Minister of Interior and Foreign Affairs
Mikhail Artsybashev Mikhail Artsybashev 1878 - 1927 Writer, Playwright
Aktham Naisse Aktham Naisse 1951 - 2022 Human rights defender
Peter Enahoro Peter Enahoro 1935 - 2023 Journalist and author
Jardel Filho Jardel Filho 1927 - 1983 TV and theater pioneer
Sherkhan Farnood Sherkhan Farnood 1963 - 2018 Bank Chairman
Sonny Chiba Sonny Chiba 1939 - 2021 martial arts cinema star
Svetopolk Pivko Svetopolk Pivko 1910 - 1987 Engineer and Professor
Carlos Marighella Carlos Marighella 1911 - 1969 Politician, writer, militant
Sessue Hayakawa Sessue Hayakawa 1886 - 1973 Silent film star and Academy Award nominee
Montserrat Caballe Montserrat Caballe 1933 - 2018 Opera singer
Kunnisseri Veettil Raman Mani Kunnisseri Veettil Raman Mani 1971 - 2016 Actor and singer, appeared in over 250 films
Adebayo Alao Akala Adebayo Alao Akala 1950 - 2022 Governor of Oyo State
Liu Shaoqi Liu Shaoqi 1898 - 1969 President of the People's Republic of China
Xu Wei Xu Wei 1521 - 1593 Painter and poet of the Ming dynasty
Koki Hirota Koki Hirota 1878 - 1948 Prime Minister of Japan
Essam al-Buwaydhani Essam al-Buwaydhani 1971 - 2019 Rebel leader of Jaysh al-Islam
Tonny Koeswoyo Tonny Koeswoyo 1936 - 1987 Leader of Koes Plus
Yanka Dyagileva Yanka Dyagileva 1966 - 1991 Underground punk musician
Zhao Mengfu Zhao Mengfu 1254 - 1322 Painter and calligrapher of the Yuan dynasty
Salim Moizuddin Abdul Ali Salim Moizuddin Abdul Ali 1896 - 1987 Ornithologist and naturalist
Davo Karnicar Davo Karnicar 1962 - 2019 Alpinist, Extreme Skier
Cai Chusheng Cai Chusheng 1906 - 1968 Film director and screenwriter
Ciputra Ciputra 1931 - 2019 Real estate developer
Juan Martin Diez Juan Martin Diez 1775 - 1825 Guerrilla leader and military general
Peter George Oliver Freund Peter George Oliver Freund 1936 - 2018 Theoretical Physicist
Billy Fury Billy Fury 1940 - 1983 Rock and roll singer
Kiichiro Toyoda Kiichiro Toyoda 1894 - 1952 Founder and CEO of Toyota Motor Corporation
Nise da Silveira Nise da Silveira 1905 - 1999 humanizing psychiatric treatment in Brazil
Wilhelm August Graah Wilhelm August Graah 1793 - 1863 Explorer and cartographer of Greenland
Vinod Behari Johri Vinod Behari Johri 1935 - 2014 Astrophysics and cosmology professor
Nicole Brown Simpson Nicole Brown Simpson 1959 - 1994 Actress and Ex-wife of O.J. Simpson
Tuanku Imam Bonjol Tuanku Imam Bonjol 1772 - 1864 Islamic leader and fighter in the Padri War
Empress Suiko Empress Suiko 554 - 628 Empress of Japan
Sergey Nagovitsyn Sergey Nagovitsyn 1968 - 1999 Russian chanson singer-songwriter
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Johann Friedrich Blumenbach 1752 - 1840 Anthropologist and naturalist
Adriano Correia de Oliveira Adriano Correia de Oliveira 1942 - 1982 Fado singer, protest singer
Roman Aftanazy Roman Aftanazy 1914 - 2004 Author of History of Residences
Khoo Kay Kim Khoo Kay Kim 1937 - 2019 Historian, academic
Noel Tovey Noel Tovey 1934 - 2019 Dancer, actor, mentor, director
Kamtorn Sanidwong Kamtorn Sanidwong 1925 - 2000 Music Educator
Le Loi Le Loi 1385 - 1433 Emperor of Vietnam
Creat A Memorial Profile

Top 10 Died Influential People

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  • 1. Plato

    Died: -347 A.D
    Slogan: The measure of a man is what he does with power.

    Plato was a philosopher in ancient Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered one of the most important figures in Western philosophy. Plato was a student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle. He wrote numerous philosophical dialogues, including The Republic, which presents his vision of an ideal society. Plato's philosophy covers a wide range of topics, including ethics, politics, metaphysics, and epistemology. His ideas continue to be studied and debated to this day.Little is known about Plato's early life and education. He belonged to an aristocratic and influential family. Based on ancient sources, modern scholars believe he was born in Athens or Aegina, between 428[10] and 423 BC. The exact time and place of birth are unknown. He was known to have worn earrings and finger rings during his youth to stand out and make himself look distinguished.The extent of Plato's affinity for jewelry while young was even characterized as "decadent" by Sextus Empiricus. Plato gives little biographical information, but refers at various points to some of his relatives with a great degree of precision, including his brothers, Adeimantus, and Glaucon, in the Plato's Republic. These and other references make it possible to reconstruct Plato's family tree.[15] Plato may have travelled in Italy, Sicily, Egypt, and Cyrene,[16] but at 40, Plato founded a school of philosophy in Athens, the Academy, on a plot of land in the Grove of Hecademus or Academus,[17] named after Academus, an Attic hero in Greek mythology. The Academy operated until it was destroyed by Sulla in 84 BC. Many philosophers studied at the Academy, the most prominent being Aristotle. According to Diogenes Laertius, throughout his later life, Plato became entangled with the politics of the city of Syracuse, where he attempted to replace the tyrant Dionysius,[20] with Dionysius's brother-in-law, Dion of Syracuse, whom Plato had recruited as one of his followers, but the tyrant himself turned against Plato. Plato almost faced death, but was sold into slavery. Anniceris, a Cyrenaic philosopher, bought Plato's freedom for twenty minas, and sent him home. After Dionysius's death, according to Plato's Seventh Letter, Dion requested Plato return to Syracuse to tutor Dionysius II, who seemed to accept Plato's teachings, but eventually became suspicious of their motives, expelling Dion and holding Plato against his will. Eventually Plato left Syracuse and Dion would return to overthrow Dionysius and rule Syracuse, before being usurped by Callippus, a fellow disciple of Plato. A variety of sources have given accounts of Plato's death. One story, based on a mutilated manuscript,[22] suggests Plato died in his bed, whilst a young Thracian girl played the flute to him. Another tradition suggests Plato died at a wedding feast. The account is based on Diogenes Laertius's reference to an account by Hermippus, a third-century Alexandrian. According to Tertullian, Plato simply died in his sleep.

    Plato Profile

  • 2. Edvard Grieg

    Died: 1907 A.D
    Slogan: I love the country that has given me everything

    Edvard Grieg was a Norwegian composer and pianist who lived from 1843 to 1907. He is widely regarded as one of the leading Romantic era composers and a pioneer of the Norwegian nationalist school of music. He is best known for his Piano Concerto in A minor, his incidental music for Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt, and his Lyric Pieces for piano. He also used Norwegian folk music elements in his compositions, which helped to promote the music and culture of Norway. He studied at the Leipzig Conservatory, where he was influenced by Mendelssohn and Schumann, but later developed his own distinctive style. He was friends with other Scandinavian composers, such as Rikard Nordraak and Niels Gade. He married his cousin Nina Hagerup, who was a singer and an interpreter of his songs. He suffered from poor health throughout his life and died in his hometown of Bergen. He is buried there in a mountain cave overlooking the city. He is the most celebrated person from the city of Bergen, with numerous statues, buildings, and institutions named after him. His music is part of the standard classical repertoire worldwide and has inspired many other composers.

    Edvard Grieg Profile

  • 3. Ahmad Mallah, Haji

    Died: 1969 A.D
    Slogan: Quran is the word of God, the light of guidance,the source of wisdom, and the fountain of knowledge.

    Ahmad Mallah, Haji was a Sindhi poet and translator of the Quran. He was born in a village called Kundi in Badin District, Sindh, in 1877. His father was Nangio Mallah, a farmer and a religious scholar. Ahmad Mallah received his early education from his father and then from various teachers in Sindh. He learned Arabic, Persian, Urdu and English languages. He also studied Islamic sciences and literature. He was a moderate Islamic scholar and a follower of the Chishti Sufi order. He wrote poetry in Sindhi and Urdu languages, and also translated some Persian and Arabic works into Sindhi. His most famous and remarkable work is his poetic translation of the Quran in Sindhi language, which he completed in 1958. He named it Noor-ul-Quran (The Light of the Quran). It is considered to be the first and the best poetic translation of the Quran in Sindhi language. It is also a masterpiece of Sindhi poetry and literature. He also wrote a commentary on his translation, explaining the meanings and interpretations of the Quranic verses. He died in 1969 and was buried in Badin.

    Ahmad Mallah, Haji Profile

  • 4. France Preseren

    Died: 1849 A.D
    Slogan: Love and wine I do not scorn, nor sweet company of the fair; but freedom's all I wish to share.

    France Prešeren was a 19th-century Romantic Slovene poet, considered the greatest Slovene classical poet and has inspired later Slovene literature. He wrote the first Slovene ballad and the first Slovene epic. After his death, he became the leading name of the Slovene literary canon.

    France Preseren Profile

  • 5. Juan Martin Diez

    Died: 1825 A.D
    Slogan: I will die as I have lived: defending my country and my ideas.

    Juan Martín Díez was born in a peasant family in Castrillo de Duero, Valladolid, Spain on September 5, 1775. He had a passion for military affairs since his childhood and participated in the War of the Pyrenees against France when he was 18. He married María Antonia Santos Platero in 1796 and settled in Fuentecén, Burgos, where he worked as a farmer until the French invasion of Spain in 1808. He then organized a group of guerrillas composed of his friends and relatives to fight against the invaders. He earned the nickname El Empecinado (the Undaunted) for his courage and persistence. He fought in many battles and skirmishes along the Duero river basin and other provinces, harassing and defeating the French troops with his superior knowledge of the terrain and his unconventional tactics. He was promoted to the rank of captain in 1809 and later to brigadier general in 1812. He also collaborated with the regular Spanish army and the British allies led by Wellington. He was a supporter of the liberal Constitution of 1812 and opposed the absolutist monarchy of Ferdinand VII, who abolished the constitution after his restoration in 1814. He joined the liberal uprising of 1820 and defended the constitutional regime against the royalist forces. He was captured by the royalists in 1823 and imprisoned in Pamplona. He was later transferred to Roa de Duero, where he was sentenced to death by hanging on August 20, 1825. He died with dignity and courage, refusing to ask for pardon or mercy. His body was buried in Burgos cemetery. He is regarded as one of the most prominent figures of the Spanish War of Independence and a hero of liberalism. His life inspired many writers, artists, and historians. His name is honored in many streets, squares, monuments, and institutions throughout Spain. His legacy lives on in the Spanish people's struggle for freedom and democracy.

    Juan Martin Diez Profile

  • 6. Albert Einstein

    Died: 1955 A.D
    Slogan: The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible.

    Albert Einstein was one of the most influential and renowned physicists of the 20th century. He was born in Ulm, Germany, on March 14, 1879, to a Jewish family. He showed an early interest in mathematics and physics, but had difficulty with the rigid schooling system. He moved to Switzerland in 1895 and enrolled in the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich, where he met his first wife, Mileva Marić, a fellow physics student. He graduated in 1900 with a diploma in physics, but had trouble finding an academic position. He worked as a patent clerk in Bern from 1902 to 1909, while pursuing his own research in his spare time. In 1905, he published four groundbreaking papers on the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, special relativity, and mass-energy equivalence, which earned him the reputation of a scientific genius. He received his PhD from the University of Zurich in 1905, and became a lecturer at the University of Bern in 1908. He moved to Prague in 1911 as a full professor, and then returned to Zurich in 1912 as a professor of theoretical physics. In 1914, he accepted a prestigious position at the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, where he worked until 1933. He also became a German citizen in 1914, but renounced it in 1933 when Adolf Hitler came to power. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect, and his contributions to theoretical physics. He developed the general theory of relativity, a more comprehensive theory of gravity, between 1907 and 1915, which was confirmed by the observation of the bending of light by the Sun during a solar eclipse in 1919. He also made significant contributions to quantum mechanics, cosmology, statistical mechanics, and the unified field theory. He was a pacifist and a humanitarian, who advocated for social justice, civil rights, and nuclear disarmament. He was a supporter of the Zionist movement, and was offered the presidency of Israel in 1952, which he politely declined. He moved to the United States in 1933, where he joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He became an American citizen in 1940, and remained at Princeton until his death. He was involved in the Manhattan Project, which developed the atomic bomb, but later regretted his role and warned of the dangers of nuclear weapons. He died of an abdominal aortic aneurysm on April 18, 1955, at the age of 76, in Princeton Hospital. He left behind a legacy of scientific discoveries and insights that have shaped our understanding of the universe and inspired generations of scientists and thinkers.

    Albert Einstein Profile

  • 7. Guangzong

    Died: 1200 A.D
    Slogan: To inherit the auspiciousness

    Guangzong was the 12th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the third emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He was the third son of his predecessor, Emperor Xiaozong. His mother was Emperor Xiaozong's first wife, Lady Guo, who was posthumously honoured as "Empress Chengmu". His reign was relatively peaceful, but his lack of filial piety eventually made officials replace him with his son Emperor Ningzong. Guangzong suffered from bipolar disorder or severe neurosis since his childhood, but he was reportedly filial to his father. He was crowned as the heir apparent in 1168 and succeeded his father in 1189. He named his reign "Shaoxi", meaning "to inherit the auspiciousness". He also renamed the city of Chongqing, meaning "double celebration", to commemorate his coronation and his father's abdication. Guangzong was influenced by his wife Empress Li Fengniang, who became notorious in Chinese history for being ruthless and shrewd, and for ruling the state through her husband, who became known as a "henpecked weakling" dominated by his wife. Guangzong neglected his duties and indulged in drinking and pleasure. He also listened to some treacherous officials and dismissed the popular military leader Xin Qiji. He alienated his father and even refused to perform state funeral rites when the retired emperor died, which shocked the court. In 1194, Guangzong fell ill and became mentally unstable. He was unable to handle state affairs and was controlled by Empress Li and her brother Li Sheng. The court officials were dissatisfied with the situation and plotted to depose Guangzong. In 1195, they forced Guangzong to abdicate in favor of his eldest son Zhao Kuo, who became Emperor Ningzong. Guangzong was given the title of "Retired Emperor" and lived in seclusion until his death in 1200. He was buried in Yongchong Mausoleum in present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang.

    Guangzong Profile

  • 8. Nicolaus Copernicus

    Died: 1543 A.D
    Slogan: Mathematics is written for mathematicians.

    Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance polymath who revolutionized astronomy by proposing that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the solar system. He also made contributions to mathematics, economics, medicine, and canon law. He studied at various universities in Poland and Italy, where he learned classical languages, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. He became a canon of the Warmian Cathedral chapter and a doctor of canon law. He also served as a diplomat, governor, and administrator for the church and the Polish king. He spent most of his life in Royal Prussia, a semi-autonomous region of the Kingdom of Poland. He wrote his magnum opus, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), in which he presented his heliocentric theory, over several decades. He delayed publishing it until 1543, the year of his death, fearing the criticism and controversy it would provoke. His book was banned by the Catholic Church and condemned by Protestant theologians, but it also inspired many later astronomers and scientists, such as Galileo, Kepler, Descartes, and Newton, who built on his ideas and developed the modern scientific worldview. Copernicus is widely regarded as one of the greatest astronomers and one of the fathers of modern science.

    Nicolaus Copernicus Profile

  • 9. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

    Died: 1948 A.D
    Slogan: Be the change that you wish to see in the world.

    Bapu, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was one of the most influential figures in the history of India and the world. He was born on 2 October 1869 in Porbandar, a coastal town in Gujarat. His father was the chief minister of Porbandar state and his mother was a devout Hindu. He was married to Kasturba Gandhi at the age of 13 and had four sons with her. Bapu studied law in London and became a barrister in 1891. He then moved to South Africa to work as a lawyer for the Indian community there. He faced racial discrimination and injustice in South Africa and began to protest against them using nonviolent methods. He founded the Natal Indian Congress and led campaigns for civil rights and political representation for Indians. He also developed his concept of Satyagraha, or truth force, which was based on non-cooperation, civil disobedience, and peaceful resistance. Bapu returned to India in 1915 and joined the Indian National Congress, a political party that sought to end British colonial rule in India. He became the leader of the Congress in 1921 and launched several mass movements to challenge the British authority. Some of his famous campaigns were the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922), the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934), and the Quit India Movement (1942-1945). He also led the historic Dandi Salt March in 1930, where he and thousands of his followers defied the British salt tax by making their own salt from seawater. Bapu was not only a political leader but also a social reformer and a spiritual guide. He advocated for the upliftment of the poor, the oppressed, and the untouchables. He promoted swadeshi or self-reliance by encouraging Indians to spin their own cloth from khadi or hand-spun cotton. He also preached ahimsa or non-violence as a way of life and a means of achieving harmony among different religions and communities. Bapu played a crucial role in securing India's independence from British rule in 1947. However, he was deeply saddened by the partition of India and Pakistan along religious lines and the violence that followed. He tried to stop the communal riots and appealed for peace and brotherhood. He was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist who blamed him for appeasing Muslims. Bapu's last words were Hey Ram or Oh God. Bapu is widely regarded as the Father of the Nation in India and is revered as a symbol of peace, truth, and non-violence across the world. His birthday, 2 October, is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti in India and as the International Day of Non-Violence by the United Nations. His life and teachings have inspired many leaders and movements for freedom, justice, and human rights around the globe.

    Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Profile

  • 10. William Shakespeare

    Died: 1616 A.D
    Slogan: The rest is silence.

    William Shakespeare was a renowned English poet, playwright, and actor born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. His birthday is most commonly celebrated on 23 April (see When was Shakespeare born ), which is also believed to be the date he died in 1616. Shakespeare was a prolific writer during the Elizabethan and Jacobean ages of British theatre (sometimes called the English Renaissance or the Early Modern Period). Shakespeare’s plays are perhaps his most enduring legacy, but they are not all he wrote. Shakespeare’s poems also remain popular to this day. Shakespeare's family were granted a coat of arms in 1596: it is thought that it was the influence of William Shakespeare that brought that about. It is likely that both William Shakespeare’s parents – John and Mary – were illiterate. John used a pair of glover’s compasses as his signature and Mary used a running horse. Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as some of the best works produced in these genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until 1608, among them Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, all considered to be among the finest works in the English language. In the last phase of his life, he wrote tragicomedies (also known as romances) and collaborated with other playwrights. Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime. However, in 1623, John Heminges and Henry Condell, two fellow actors and friends of Shakespeare's, published a more definitive text known as the First Folio, a posthumous collected edition of Shakespeare's dramatic works that includes 36 of his plays. Its Preface was a prescient poem by Ben Jonson, a former rival of Shakespeare, that hailed Shakespeare with the now famous epithet: not of an age, but for all time.

    William Shakespeare Profile

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