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Karl Friedrich Otto Wolff Karl Friedrich Otto Wolff 1900 - 1984 Chief of Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS
Graciliano Ramos Graciliano Ramos 1892 - 1953 Novelist and short story writer
Peter Carl Faberge Peter Carl Faberge 1846 - 1920 Creator of Fabergé eggs and jeweler
Chu Ki-chol Chu Ki-chol 1897 - 1944 Presbyterian minister
Abdul Hamid II Abdul Hamid II 1842 - 1918 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam
Dumitru Staniloae Dumitru Staniloae 1903 - 1993 Theologian
Ahmad Izzat Pasha al-Abid Ahmad Izzat Pasha al-Abid 1851 - 1924 Second Secretary of Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid II
Samuel Hahnemann Samuel Hahnemann 1755 - 1843 Founder of homeopathy
Gertrude the Great Gertrude the Great 1256 - 1302 Benedictine nun and mystic writer
Murad Toptani Murad Toptani 1867 - 1918 Poet and short story writer
Fariha Razzaq Haroon Fariha Razzaq Haroon 1956 - 2018 Journalist, academic, and script-writer
Daniel Ellsberg Daniel Ellsberg 1931 - 2023 Analyzer
Roy Brown Roy Brown 1893 - 1944 Pilot and war hero
Sukarno Sukarno 1901 - 1970 First president of Indonesia
James Wright James Wright 1927 - 2022 Medical doctor and media personality
Eduard Caudella Eduard Caudella 1841 - 1924 Composer
Akhenaten Akhenaten -1380 - -1336 Pharaoh of Egypt and founder of Atenism
Franz Caucig Franz Caucig 1755 - 1828 Painter
Oladapo Olaitan Olaonipekun Oladapo Olaitan Olaonipekun 1984 - 2010 Rapper, singer
Josip Ipavec Josip Ipavec 1873 - 1921 composer, physician
Viktor Hartmann Viktor Hartmann 1834 - 1873 Painter of historical
Meng Tian Meng Tian -300 - -210 general and architect
Khamis al Obeidi Khamis al Obeidi 1966 - 2006 Defence lawyer for Saddam Hussein
Sir Feroze Khan Noon Sir Feroze Khan Noon 1893 - 1970 Seventh Prime Minister of Pakistan
Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott 1821 - 1893 He was the first Canadian born prime minister
Mikhail Chapiro Mikhail Chapiro 1938 - 2019 Painting portraits
Mustafa Kamil Pasha Mustafa Kamil Pasha 1874 - 1908 Lawyer and activist
Peder Severin Kroyer Peder Severin Kroyer 1851 - 1909 Skagen painter
Nicolae Paulescu Nicolae Paulescu 1869 - 1931 Physiologist
General Muhammad Zia ul Haq General Muhammad Zia ul Haq 1924 - 1988 Sixth President and Chief Martial Law
Terry Fox Terry Fox 1958 - 1981 Marathon of Hope
Zaitao Zaitao 1887 - 1970 Military leader and diplomat
Agim Zajmi Agim Zajmi 1936 - 2013 Painter
Witold Pilecki Witold Pilecki 1901 - 1948 Cavalry officer, intelligence agent
Misha Brusilovsky Misha Brusilovsky 1931 - 2016 Painting portraits and historical scenes
Anton Melik Anton Melik 1890 - 1966 Geographer
Bronislaw Malinowski Bronislaw Malinowski 1884 - 1942 Founder of social anthropology and fieldwork
Niccolo Machiavelli Niccolo Machiavelli 1469 - 1527 diplomat, author, philosopher
Matila Ghyka Matila Ghyka 1881 - 1965 philosopher
Sakchai Bamrungpong Sakchai Bamrungpong 1918 - 2014 Diplomat, Author, Journalist
Cantinflas Cantinflas 1911 - 1993 Comedian, actor, and filmmaker
Hugo Jan Huss Hugo Jan Huss 1934 - 2006 Orchestra Conductor
Qazi Ashfaq Qazi Ashfaq 1967 - 2001 Footballer
Belinda Emmett Belinda Emmett 1974 - 2006 Actress and singer, best known for her roles
Boes Boestami Boes Boestami 1922 - 1970 Journalist and film actor
Tan Cheng Lock Tan Cheng Lock 1883 - 1960 Founder and president of the Malayan Chinese
Sergei Witte Sergei Witte 1849 - 1915 Finance minister and prime minister of Russia
Hideki Tojo Hideki Tojo 1884 - 1948 General of the Imperial Japanese Army
Alexandru Paleologu Alexandru Paleologu 1919 - 2005 Essayist, Literary Critic, Diplomat, Politician
Donny George Youkhanna Donny George Youkhanna 1950 - 2011 Director of Iraq National Museum
Olavo Bilac Olavo Bilac 1865 - 1918 Poet and writer
Shaikh Ayaz Shaikh Ayaz 1923 - 1997 Short story writer
Constantin Silvestri Constantin Silvestri 1913 - 1969 Conductor, Composer
Longin Frikke Longin Frikke 1820 - 1893 Graphic artist, woodcut illustrator, art critic
Rukhsana Noor Rukhsana Noor 1959 - 2017 Journalist, poet, and script-writer
Marguerite Duras Marguerite Duras 1914 - 1996 novelist
Anna Bilinska-Bohdanowicz Anna Bilinska-Bohdanowicz 1854 - 1893 Portrait painter
Bao Shichen Bao Shichen 1775 - 1855 Calligraphe, reformist scholar of the Qing dynasty
Victoria de los Angeles Victoria de los Angeles 1923 - 2005 Operatic lyric soprano and recitalist
Fernando Sabino Fernando Sabino 1923 - 2004 Novelist and short story writer
Norio Ohga Norio Ohga 1930 - 2011 Former president and chairman of Sony Corporation
Nuha al Radi Nuha al Radi 1941 - 2004 Ceramicist and painter
Edda Goring Edda Goring 1938 - 2018 Law clerk
Li Jingxi Li Jingxi 1857 - 1925 Premier of the Republic of China
Bashir Mirza Bashir Mirza 1941 - 2000 Painter and artist
Alfred John Scow Alfred John Scow 1927 - 2013 First Aboriginal lawyer and judge in BC
George Calinescu George Calinescu 1899 - 1965 Literary critic, historian, novelist
Anton Peterlin Anton Peterlin 1908 - 1993 Mathematical physicist
Natsume Soseki Natsume Soseki 1867 - 1916 Novelist and scholar of English literature
Anton Karinger Anton Karinger 1829 - 1870 Painter and poet
Ammo Baba Ammo Baba 1934 - 2009 Iraq national football team manager
Jose Antonio del Busto Duthurburu Jose Antonio del Busto Duthurburu 1932 - 2006 Historian
Brigitte Helm Brigitte Helm 1908 - 1996 Silent film star
Salih Jabr Salih Jabr 1896 - 1957 Prime Minister of Iraq from 1947 to 1948
Carlos Imperial Carlos Imperial 1935 - 1992 show business personality
Nathan Mayer Rothschild Nathan Mayer Rothschild 1777 - 1836 Founder of the English branch
Antonio Flores Antonio Flores 1961 - 1995 Singer, songwriter, and actor
Itti Balangura Itti Balangura 1955 - 2004 Singer, Musician, Record Producer
Welington de Melo Welington de Melo 1946 - 2016 structural stability of dynamical systems
Ali Al-Tantawi Ali Al-Tantawi 1909 - 1999 Islamic scholar, writer, judge
Julian Marias Julian Marias 1914 - 2005 Philosopher, writer, professor and essayist
Dimitrie Bolintineanu Dimitrie Bolintineanu 1819 - 1872 Poet, politician, diplomat
Abd al Rahman al Bazzaz Abd al Rahman al Bazzaz 1913 - 1973 Prime Minister of Iraq
Roddy McDowall Roddy McDowall 1928 - 1998 Actor in Planet of the Apes and Cleopatra
Subhi al Badri al Samerai Subhi al Badri al Samerai 1936 - 2013 Islamic scholar and astronomer
John Greer Ervine John Greer Ervine 1883 - 1971 Playwright, novelist, biographer
Abdul Rahim Hatif Abdul Rahim Hatif 1884 - 1953 Prime Minister of Afghanistan
Satoru Iwata Satoru Iwata 1959 - 2015 President and CEO of Nintendo
Anwar Shaul Anwar Shaul 1904 - 1977 Poet and activist for Iraqi independence
Nazir Nabaa Nazir Nabaa 1938 - 2016 Painter
Jan Matejko Jan Matejko 1838 - 1893 History painter
Ismail Gulgee Ismail Gulgee 1926 - 2007 Painter and sculptor
Omar Hamdi Omar Hamdi 1952 - 2015 Painter and designer
Thomas Patrick McKenna Thomas Patrick McKenna 1929 - 2011 Character actor
Jon Elia Jon Elia 1931 - 2002 Poet and philosopher of Urdu and Persian
Raymundo Capetillo Raymundo Capetillo 1943 - 2020 theater, film, television and radio actor
Phan Khac Suu Phan Khac Suu 1893 - 1970 Politician
Naum Gabo Naum Gabo 1890 - 1977 Sculptor, theorist, and key figure
Phan Boi Chau Phan Boi Chau 1867 - 1940 Revolutionary Leader
Major Muhammad Akram Shaheed Major Muhammad Akram Shaheed 1938 - 1971 Recipient of Nishan-e-Haider
Sverre Fehn Sverre Fehn 1924 - 2009 Modernist architect
Hu Shih Hu Shih 1891 - 1962 Philosopher, diplomat, and educator
Max Bruch Max Bruch 1838 - 1920 Composer of violin concertos and other works
Ghali Umar Na'Abba Ghali Umar Na'Abba 1958 - 2023 Speaker of the House of Representatives
Liu Changchun Liu Changchun 1909 - 1983 Sprinter
Zahid Malik Zahid Malik 1937 - 2016 Journalist, writer, editor-in-chief
Suzzanna Martha Frederika van Osch Suzzanna Martha Frederika van Osch 1942 - 2008 Actress
Pilar Bardem Pilar Bardem 1939 - 2021 Actress and activist
Tayo Akpata Tayo Akpata 1931 - 2014 Commissioner for Education, Midwestern Nigeria
Lascar Catargiu Lascar Catargiu 1823 - 1899 Statesman
Georgios Papadopoulos Georgios Papadopoulos 1919 - 1999 Leader of the Greek military junta of 1967–1974
Antonio Aguilar Antonio Aguilar 1919 - 2007 Singer and actor
Raed Fares Raed Fares 1972 - 2018 Founder of Radio Fresh FM
Lee Eun-ju Lee Eun-ju 1980 - 2005 Actress
Tayyeb Tizini Tayyeb Tizini 1934 - 2019 Philosopher, researcher and academic
Ptolemy IX Soter Ptolemy IX Soter -143 - -81 King of Ptolemaic Egypt
Jin Yuelin Jin Yuelin 1895 - 1984 Philosopher, historian, and writer
Mushtaq Ahmed Baig Mushtaq Ahmed Baig 1951 - 2008 Surgeon General of Pakistan Army
Gamal al-Ghitani Gamal al-Ghitani 1945 - 2015 Historical and political novels and commentaries
Jeong Seung-hwa Jeong Seung-hwa 1929 - 2002 22nd Republic of Korea Army Chief of Staff
Leo Strauss Leo Strauss 1899 - 1973 Political philosopher and classical scholar
Dinu C. Giurescu Dinu C. Giurescu 1927 - 2018 Historian
Burt Freeman Bacharach Burt Freeman Bacharach 1928 - 2023 Composer Songwriter Singer Pianist producer
Christian Leden Christian Leden 1882 - 1957 Ethnomusicologist and explorer
Elizabeth Kenny Elizabeth Kenny 1880 - 1952 Nurse and physiotherapist
Juan Garcia Ponce Juan Garcia Ponce 1932 - 2003 Novelist, essayist, translator, critic
Jan Twardowski Jan Twardowski 1915 - 2006 Poet and Catholic priest
Wen Boren Wen Boren 1558 - 1639 Landscape painter, calligrapher and essayist
Spiru Haret Spiru Haret 1851 - 1912 Mathematician, Astronomer, Politician
Balraj Sahni Balraj Sahni 1913 - 1973 Indian film and stage actor and writer
Vu Giang Huong Vu Giang Huong 1930 - 2011 Painter
Mullah Muhammad Omar Mullah Muhammad Omar 1960 - 2013 Supreme Leader of the Islamic Emirate
Ernest Koliqi Ernest Koliqi 1903 - 1975 Writer, journalist, politician
Abd al-Halim Hafez Abd al-Halim Hafez 1929 - 1977 Singer and actor
Andi Bau Tenri Andi Bau Tenri 1935 - 2009 Poet, dramatist, activist, performer, actor
Halim Barakat Halim Barakat 1936 - 2023 Arab sociologist and novelist
Plinio Marcos Plinio Marcos 1935 - 1999 Writer, actor and playwright
Mujeeb Alam Mujeeb Alam 1948 - 2004 Film playback singer
Ljubo Sirc Ljubo Sirc 1920 - 2016 Economist
Arthur Shields Arthur Shields 1896 - 1970 Actor
James Ajibola Idowu Adegoke Ige James Ajibola Idowu Adegoke Ige 1930 - 2001 Federal Minister of Justice of Nigeria
Ramesses I Ramesses I -1318 - -1290 Founder of the 19th dynasty
Ali Suavi Ali Suavi 1839 - 1878 Political activist and reformer
Almudena Grandes Almudena Grandes 1960 - 2021 Writer and novelist
Ryunosuke Akutagawa Ryunosuke Akutagawa 1892 - 1927 Short story writer
Francois Reichenbach Francois Reichenbach 1921 - 1993 Film director, cinematographer, screenwriter
Rogelio Gonzalez Rogelio Gonzalez 1920 - 1984 Film director, screenwriter, and actor
France Bevk France Bevk 1890 - 1970 Writer
Jang Ja-yeon Jang Ja-yeon 1980 - 2009 Actress in Boys Over Flowers
Noel Counihan Noel Counihan 1913 - 1986 Artist and activist
Creat A Memorial Profile

Top 10 Died Influential People

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  • 1. William Shakespeare

    Died: 1616 A.D
    Slogan: The rest is silence.

    William Shakespeare was a renowned English poet, playwright, and actor born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. His birthday is most commonly celebrated on 23 April (see When was Shakespeare born ), which is also believed to be the date he died in 1616. Shakespeare was a prolific writer during the Elizabethan and Jacobean ages of British theatre (sometimes called the English Renaissance or the Early Modern Period). Shakespeare’s plays are perhaps his most enduring legacy, but they are not all he wrote. Shakespeare’s poems also remain popular to this day. Shakespeare's family were granted a coat of arms in 1596: it is thought that it was the influence of William Shakespeare that brought that about. It is likely that both William Shakespeare’s parents – John and Mary – were illiterate. John used a pair of glover’s compasses as his signature and Mary used a running horse. Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as some of the best works produced in these genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until 1608, among them Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, all considered to be among the finest works in the English language. In the last phase of his life, he wrote tragicomedies (also known as romances) and collaborated with other playwrights. Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime. However, in 1623, John Heminges and Henry Condell, two fellow actors and friends of Shakespeare's, published a more definitive text known as the First Folio, a posthumous collected edition of Shakespeare's dramatic works that includes 36 of his plays. Its Preface was a prescient poem by Ben Jonson, a former rival of Shakespeare, that hailed Shakespeare with the now famous epithet: not of an age, but for all time.

    William Shakespeare Profile

  • 2. Edvard Grieg

    Died: 1907 A.D
    Slogan: I love the country that has given me everything

    Edvard Grieg was a Norwegian composer and pianist who lived from 1843 to 1907. He is widely regarded as one of the leading Romantic era composers and a pioneer of the Norwegian nationalist school of music. He is best known for his Piano Concerto in A minor, his incidental music for Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt, and his Lyric Pieces for piano. He also used Norwegian folk music elements in his compositions, which helped to promote the music and culture of Norway. He studied at the Leipzig Conservatory, where he was influenced by Mendelssohn and Schumann, but later developed his own distinctive style. He was friends with other Scandinavian composers, such as Rikard Nordraak and Niels Gade. He married his cousin Nina Hagerup, who was a singer and an interpreter of his songs. He suffered from poor health throughout his life and died in his hometown of Bergen. He is buried there in a mountain cave overlooking the city. He is the most celebrated person from the city of Bergen, with numerous statues, buildings, and institutions named after him. His music is part of the standard classical repertoire worldwide and has inspired many other composers.

    Edvard Grieg Profile

  • 3. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

    Died: 1948 A.D
    Slogan: Be the change that you wish to see in the world.

    Bapu, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was one of the most influential figures in the history of India and the world. He was born on 2 October 1869 in Porbandar, a coastal town in Gujarat. His father was the chief minister of Porbandar state and his mother was a devout Hindu. He was married to Kasturba Gandhi at the age of 13 and had four sons with her. Bapu studied law in London and became a barrister in 1891. He then moved to South Africa to work as a lawyer for the Indian community there. He faced racial discrimination and injustice in South Africa and began to protest against them using nonviolent methods. He founded the Natal Indian Congress and led campaigns for civil rights and political representation for Indians. He also developed his concept of Satyagraha, or truth force, which was based on non-cooperation, civil disobedience, and peaceful resistance. Bapu returned to India in 1915 and joined the Indian National Congress, a political party that sought to end British colonial rule in India. He became the leader of the Congress in 1921 and launched several mass movements to challenge the British authority. Some of his famous campaigns were the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922), the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934), and the Quit India Movement (1942-1945). He also led the historic Dandi Salt March in 1930, where he and thousands of his followers defied the British salt tax by making their own salt from seawater. Bapu was not only a political leader but also a social reformer and a spiritual guide. He advocated for the upliftment of the poor, the oppressed, and the untouchables. He promoted swadeshi or self-reliance by encouraging Indians to spin their own cloth from khadi or hand-spun cotton. He also preached ahimsa or non-violence as a way of life and a means of achieving harmony among different religions and communities. Bapu played a crucial role in securing India's independence from British rule in 1947. However, he was deeply saddened by the partition of India and Pakistan along religious lines and the violence that followed. He tried to stop the communal riots and appealed for peace and brotherhood. He was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist who blamed him for appeasing Muslims. Bapu's last words were Hey Ram or Oh God. Bapu is widely regarded as the Father of the Nation in India and is revered as a symbol of peace, truth, and non-violence across the world. His birthday, 2 October, is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti in India and as the International Day of Non-Violence by the United Nations. His life and teachings have inspired many leaders and movements for freedom, justice, and human rights around the globe.

    Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Profile

  • 4. Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah

    Died: 2001 A.D
    Slogan: The people are the source of my strength

    Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah was the eldest son of Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj and Tengku Ampuan Jemaah. He received his early education at the Pengkalan Batu Malay School in Klang and the Malay College Kuala Kangsar. He then studied at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London for two years. He served with the Civil Service Department as a Trainee Officer with the Selangor Survey Department and later as an Inspector of Schools. He also attended a short-term course at the Malay Military Troop in Port Dickson and was commissioned with the Queen Commission in the rank of captain. He was later promoted to the rank of major. He was appointed as the Tengku Laksamana of Selangor in 1946 and as the Raja Muda (Crown Prince) of Selangor in 1950. He became the Sultan of Selangor on 3 September 1960 after the death of his father. He was known for his modernization efforts in Selangor, such as improving the infrastructure, education, health, and agriculture sectors. He also signed the cession of Kuala Lumpur from Selangor to the Federal Government to form a Federal Territory on 1 February 1974. He was elected as the 11th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia on 26 April 1999 and served until his death on 21 November 2001. He died of a heart attack at the Gleneagles Kuala Lumpur and was buried at the Royal Mausoleum in Klang. He was succeeded by his son, Sharafuddin, as the Sultan of Selangor and by Sirajuddin, the Sultan of Perlis, as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. He was known for his humility, generosity, and compassion. He was also an avid sportsman and patron of various sports associations. He was awarded numerous honours and titles, both locally and internationally, for his contributions and services.

    Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Profile

  • 5. Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan

    Died: 2004 A.D
    Slogan:

    Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan(born 1918, Abu Dhabi — died November 2, 2004) Known as the Father of the Nation for his role in forming the United Arab Emirates, the late H. H. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was the first President of the UAE. He served this position since the formation of the UAE on 2 December 1971 until he passed away in 2004. He also served as the Ruler of the emirate of Abu Dhabi from 1966 to 2004. Born in the city of Al Ain, Sheikh Zayed was the youngest of the four sons of H. H. Sheikh Sultan bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Ruler of Abu Dhabi from 1922 to 1926. Sheikh Zayed was a good listener and an unbiased dispute mediator. He was also renowned for his patience, vision and wisdom; qualities that earned him the title of ‘the wise man of the Arabs’. He ensured that all UAE citizens are instrumental to the nation's collective success. His vision led the UAE to be the GCC’s second biggest economy after KSA, the third largest in the Middle East and according to many prestigious international reports, the most important financial and economic centre in the region.

    Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan Profile

  • 6. Pyotr Bagration

    Died: 1812 A.D
    Slogan: The Russian Army always has been success.

    Pyotr Bagration was a Russian general and prince of Georgian origin, prominent during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Bagration, a member of the Bagrationi dynasty, was born in Kizlyar. His father, Ivan (Ivane), served as an officer in the Imperial Russian Army, in which Bagration also enlisted in 1782. Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration began his military career serving in the Russo-Circassian War of 1763–1864 for a couple of years. Afterwards he participated in a war against the Ottomans and the capture of Ochakov in 1788. Later he helped suppress the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794 in Poland and capture Warsaw. During Russia's Italian and Swiss campaigns of 1799 against the French, he served with distinction under Field Marshal Alexander Suvorov. In 1805 Russia joined the coalition against Napoleon. After the collapse of the Austrians at Ulm in October 1805, Bagration won praise for his successful defense in the Battle of Schöngrabern (November 1805) that allowed Russian forces to withdraw and unite with the main Russian army of Mikhail Kutuzov. In December 1805 the combined Russo-Austrian army suffered defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz, where Bagration commanded the allied right wing against the French under Jean Lannes. He subsequently participated in a series of unsuccessful battles: Austerlitz (Dec. 2, 1805), Eylau (Feb. 7–8, 1807), Heilsburg (June 10, 1807), and Friedland (June 14, 1807); but, after Russia formed an alliance with France (Treaty of Tilsit; July 7, 1807) and engaged in a war against Sweden, Bagration marched across the frozen Gulf of Finland and captured the strategic Åland Islands (1808). He was then transferred to the south (1809) and placed in command of a force fighting the Turks in Bulgaria (Russo-Turkish War of 1806–12). When Russia and France renewed their hostilities (1812), he was given command of the 2nd Russian Army in the West. Although his troops were defeated by the French at Mogilyov and separated from the main Russian army in July, he saved them from destruction and rejoined the main force in August. On Sept. 7, 1812, at the Battle of Borodino, near Moscow, Bagration commanded the left wing of the Russian forces and was fatally wounded. A monument was erected in his honour by Emperor Nicholas I on the battlefield of Borodino.

    Pyotr Bagration Profile

  • 7. Agus Salim

    Died: 1954 A.D
    Slogan: The people's welfare is the highest law

    Agus Salim was born on 8 October 1884 in Koto Gadang, a village in North Sumatra. He was the eldest of nine children in a Batak Muslim family. He studied teaching at a school in Medan and then enrolled at a military academy in Bandung. He became a member of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, but following the Japanese invasion in 1942, he joined the Defenders of the Homeland, a Japanese-sponsored militia. After the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945, he enlisted in the fledgling Indonesian armed forces, and fought during the Indonesian National Revolution against the Dutch colonial forces. He rose to prominence as a charismatic and innovative leader, and in 1946, he was appointed commander of the Siliwangi Division, the guerrilla unit operating in West Java. He became known for his hit-and-run tactics, his loyalty to the republic, and his resistance to communist influence. He also developed the concept of territorial warfare, which involved mobilizing the local population to support the military effort. He was captured by the Dutch in 1949, but was released after the recognition of Indonesian sovereignty in 1950. He then became the chief of staff of the Indonesian Army, and later the commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. He was involved in several military and political conflicts, such as the Madiun Affair, the Darul Islam rebellion, the PRRI Permesta rebellion, the West New Guinea dispute, the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, and the 30 September Movement. He survived an assassination attempt during the latter, which was a failed coup attempt by a faction of the army led by communist sympathizers. He lost his position as the defense minister, but remained influential in the military and politics. He supported the rise of General Suharto, who took over the presidency from Sukarno in 1967. He became the speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly, the highest legislative body in the country, and held the position until 1972. He retired from politics in 1978, and spent his later years writing books and giving lectures. He died of a heart attack on 4 November 1954 in Jakarta, and was buried with full military honors at the Kalibata Heroes Cemetery. He is regarded as one of the founding fathers of the Indonesian military and a national hero.

    Agus Salim Profile

  • 8. Robert Gordon Menzies

    Died: 1978 A.D
    Slogan: It is better to be defeated on principle than to win on lies.

    Robert Menzies was a prominent Australian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th prime minister of Australia for a total of over 18 years, making him the longest-serving prime minister in Australian history. He held office twice, first from 1939 to 1941 and then from 1949 to 1966. He was also the leader of the United Australia Party (UAP) in his first term and the founder and leader of the Liberal Party of Australia in his second term. Menzies was born in Jeparit, Victoria, on 20 December 1894. He was the fourth of five children of James Menzies, a storekeeper and politician, and Kate Sampson, a miner's daughter. He attended various schools in Ballarat and Melbourne before graduating with first-class honours in law from the University of Melbourne in 1916. He became a barrister in 1918 and quickly established himself as one of the leading lawyers in Victoria. He was appointed a King's Counsel in 1929, the youngest in Victoria at the time. Menzies entered politics in 1928 as a member of the Nationalist Party, which later became the UAP. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council and then to the Legislative Assembly, serving as Attorney-General and Minister for Railways. In 1934, he resigned from state politics and won the federal seat of Kooyong as a UAP candidate. He became Attorney-General and Minister for Industry in Joseph Lyons' government and was also deputy leader of the UAP from 1935. He resigned from cabinet in 1939 over a dispute about national insurance. Menzies became prime minister in April 1939 after Lyons died in office and Earle Page served as caretaker for 18 days. He led Australia into World War II and spent four months in England in 1941 to participate in Winston Churchill's war cabinet. However, he faced opposition from his coalition partner, the Country Party, and from some members of his own party. He lost the confidence of his party and resigned as prime minister in August 1941. He was succeeded by Arthur Fadden, who lasted only 40 days before being replaced by John Curtin of the Labor Party. Menzies remained as leader of the UAP until 1943, when he lost his seat at the federal election. He then helped to create a new conservative party, the Liberal Party of Australia, which he became the inaugural leader of in August 1945. He led the opposition against Curtin's successor, Ben Chifley, until he won the federal election in December 1949. He formed a coalition government with the Country Party and returned as prime minister. Menzies' second term as prime minister lasted for over 16 years, during which he won seven consecutive elections. He presided over a period of economic growth, social stability, immigration expansion, higher education development, national security policies, and international alliances. He strengthened Australia's ties with Britain and the United States, supported the creation of NATO and SEATO, signed the ANZUS Treaty and the Colombo Plan, sent troops to Korea, Malaya, and Vietnam, recognised Israel and Japan as sovereign states, opposed communism and apartheid, promoted British Commonwealth cooperation, and supported constitutional reform. Menzies retired as prime minister in January 1966 at the age of 71. He was succeeded by Harold Holt, who drowned a year later. Menzies remained active in public life until his death in May 1978. He wrote several books, gave lectures, served as chancellor of the University of Melbourne, and was involved in various cultural and educational organisations. He was knighted in 1963 and received many honours and awards, both in Australia and abroad. He was widely regarded as one of the most influential and respected figures in Australian history. Menzies was married to Pattie Maie Leckie, a journalist and political activist, from 1920 until her death in 1978. They had three children: Kenneth, Ian, and Heather. Menzies was a devout Presbyterian and a keen sportsman. He enjoyed cricket, golf, tennis, chess, and bridge. He was also fond of literature, music, art, and history. He had a distinctive voice and a sharp wit, which he used to great effect in his speeches and debates. He was known for his loyalty to his friends and his principles, as well as his ambition and determination. He was nicknamed "Ming" by his supporters and "Pig Iron Bob" by his critics.

    Robert Gordon Menzies Profile

  • 9. France Preseren

    Died: 1849 A.D
    Slogan: Love and wine I do not scorn, nor sweet company of the fair; but freedom's all I wish to share.

    France Prešeren was a 19th-century Romantic Slovene poet, considered the greatest Slovene classical poet and has inspired later Slovene literature. He wrote the first Slovene ballad and the first Slovene epic. After his death, he became the leading name of the Slovene literary canon.

    France Preseren Profile

  • 10. Nicolaus Copernicus

    Died: 1543 A.D
    Slogan: Mathematics is written for mathematicians.

    Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance polymath who revolutionized astronomy by proposing that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the solar system. He also made contributions to mathematics, economics, medicine, and canon law. He studied at various universities in Poland and Italy, where he learned classical languages, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. He became a canon of the Warmian Cathedral chapter and a doctor of canon law. He also served as a diplomat, governor, and administrator for the church and the Polish king. He spent most of his life in Royal Prussia, a semi-autonomous region of the Kingdom of Poland. He wrote his magnum opus, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), in which he presented his heliocentric theory, over several decades. He delayed publishing it until 1543, the year of his death, fearing the criticism and controversy it would provoke. His book was banned by the Catholic Church and condemned by Protestant theologians, but it also inspired many later astronomers and scientists, such as Galileo, Kepler, Descartes, and Newton, who built on his ideas and developed the modern scientific worldview. Copernicus is widely regarded as one of the greatest astronomers and one of the fathers of modern science.

    Nicolaus Copernicus Profile

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