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Yi Sun-sin Yi Sun-sin 1545 - 1598 Naval commander
Arthur Wellington Clah Arthur Wellington Clah 1831 - 1916 Chief, Diarist, Missionary
Tadeusz Kosciuszko Tadeusz Kosciuszko 1746 - 1817 Military leader and statesman
Rafael Alberti Rafael Alberti 1902 - 1999 Poet, writer, painter, member of the Generation
Gul Mohamad Zhowandai Gul Mohamad Zhowandai 1905 - 1988 Poet, Writer, Editor
Bassel al-Assad Bassel al-Assad 1962 - 1994 Engineer, colonel, politician
Ilya Glazunov Ilya Glazunov 1930 - 2017 Painter and art theorist
Yelavarthy Nayudamma Yelavarthy Nayudamma 1922 - 1985 Chemical engineer and leather technologist
Sukarno Sukarno 1901 - 1970 First president of Indonesia
Garabet Ibraileanu Garabet Ibraileanu 1871 - 1936 Literary critic and theorist
Slavko Osterc Slavko Osterc 1895 - 1941 Composer
John Leslie Mackie John Leslie Mackie 1917 - 1981 philosophy of religion, philosophy of language
Imagawa Yoshimoto Imagawa Yoshimoto 1519 - 1560 Feudal lord of Suruga, Totomi
Mahmoud Hammad Mahmoud Hammad 1923 - 1988 Painter, printmaker, medal engraver, sculptor
Halide Edib Adivar Halide Edib Adivar 1884 - 1964 Novelist and pioneer in the emancipation of women
Aluisio Azevedo Aluisio Azevedo 1843 - 1899 Novelist and historian
Zelda D'Aprano Zelda D'Aprano 1928 - 2018 feminist activist and unionist
Oskar Braaten Oskar Braaten 1881 - 1939 Novelist and dramatist
Heath Ledger Heath Ledger 1979 - 2008 Actor and director
Abhas Kumar Ganguly Abhas Kumar Ganguly 1929 - 1987 Playback singer, actor, music director
Jabir ibn Hayyan Jabir ibn Hayyan 721 - 815 Alchemist and philosopher
Wilhelm August Graah Wilhelm August Graah 1793 - 1863 Explorer and cartographer of Greenland
Vajiravudh Vajiravudh 1881 - 1925 Monarch, Nationalist, Educator
Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill 1874 - 1965 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and leader
Jacob Christian Jacobsen Jacob Christian Jacobsen 1811 - 1887 Founder of Carlsberg brewery
Lupe Velez Lupe Velez 1908 - 1944 Comedy films
Hafez al-Assad Hafez al-Assad 1930 - 2000 President of Syria, Commander of Syrian Air Force
Ciprian Ilie Foias Ciprian Ilie Foias 1933 - 2020 Mathematician
Huang Zuolin Huang Zuolin 1906 - 1994 Playwright, director, administrator, theorist
Tewfik Pasha Tewfik Pasha 1852 - 1892 Khedive of Egypt and Sudan
Naum Veqilharxhi Naum Veqilharxhi 1797 - 1846 Lawyer and scholar
Allan Napier MacNab Allan Napier MacNab 1798 - 1862 Politician, Lawyer
Seamus Heaney Seamus Heaney 1939 - 2013 Nobel laureate in literature
Pavel Chihaia Pavel Chihaia 1922 - 2019 Novelist
Basil II Basil II 958 - 1025 Byzantine emperor and military strategist
Anton Tomaz Linhart Anton Tomaz Linhart 1756 - 1795 Playwright and Historian
Luo Zhenyu Luo Zhenyu 1866 - 1940 Classical scholar and epigrapher
Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer 1865 - 1940 Poet, novelist, playwright, journalist
Ana Aslan Ana Aslan 1897 - 1988 Gerontologist
Iorgu Iordan Iorgu Iordan 1888 - 1986 Linguist
Pat Kirkwood Pat Kirkwood 1921 - 2007 Stage actress, singer and dancer
Eduardo Campos Eduardo Campos 1965 - 2014 Governor of Pernambuco
Fu Biao Fu Biao 1963 - 2005 actor and comedian
Miron Cristea Miron Cristea 1868 - 1939 Patriarch
Musa Demi Musa Demi 1878 - 1971 Revolutionary, writer
Kim Larsen Kim Larsen 1945 - 2018 Singer and musician
Mentuhotep II Mentuhotep II -2008 - -1957 Pharaoh of the Eleventh Dynasty
James Muir Auld James Muir Auld 1879 - 1942 Painter and illustrator
Trygve Halvdan Lie Trygve Halvdan Lie 1896 - 1968 First Secretary-General of the United Nations
Andrej Gosar Andrej Gosar 1887 - 1970 Sociologist and Economist
Abdul Hadi Dawi Abdul Hadi Dawi 1894 - 1982 Speaker of the House of People
Marguerite Duras Marguerite Duras 1914 - 1996 novelist
Dan Barbilian Dan Barbilian 1895 - 1961 Poet and Mathematician
Anacreon Anacreon -582 - -485 Lyric poet
Francisco del Paso Troncoso Francisco del Paso Troncoso 1842 - 1916 Historian, archivist, and Nahuatl language scholar
Gulnus Sultan Gulnus Sultan 1642 - 1715 Haseki Sultan of Mehmed IV
Jose Lewgoy Jose Lewgoy 1920 - 2003 Actor
Arun Kumar Biswas Arun Kumar Biswas 1934 - 2015 Professor of mineral engineering
Ismail Cem ipeki Ismail Cem ipeki 1940 - 2007 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis 1929 - 1994 America s first lady
Sam Loco Efe Sam Loco Efe 1945 - 2011 Actor, producer, director
Aldo Moro Aldo Moro 1916 - 1978 Satesman
Friedrich Schiller Friedrich Schiller 1759 - 1805 Poet, playwright, historian, philosopher
Mambillikalathil Govind Kumar Menon Mambillikalathil Govind Kumar Menon 1928 - 2016 particle physics and cosmic rays research
Peggy van Praagh Peggy van Praagh 1910 - 1990 Ballet dancer and director
Ahmed Aboki Abdullahi Ahmed Aboki Abdullahi 1945 - 2021 Brigadier General of the Nigerian army
Boris Kustodiev Boris Kustodiev 1878 - 1927 Painter and stage designer
Boontham Huadkrathok Boontham Huadkrathok 1954 - 2015 Actor, Comedian
Gummadi Venkateswara Rao Gummadi Venkateswara Rao 1927 - 2010 Actor and producer in Telugu cinema
Francois Quesnay Francois Quesnay 1694 - 1774 Economist and physician
Thucydides Thucydides -400 - -460 Author of the History of the Peloponnesian War
James Sewid James Sewid 1913 - 1988 Chief councillor
Sharif Ali bin al Hussein Sharif Ali bin al Hussein 1956 - 2022 Leader of the Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy party
Ram Mohan Rao Ram Mohan Rao 1939 - 2005 Lead actor in Telugu cinema
Simon Gregorcic Simon Gregorcic 1844 - 1906 Poet
Emilio Fernandez Emilio Fernandez 1904 - 1986 Film director, actor and screenwriter
Gilbert Becaud Gilbert Becaud 1927 - 2001 Singer, composer, pianist and actor
Jean-Baptiste Henri-Dominique Lacordaire Jean-Baptiste Henri-Dominique Lacordaire 1802 - 1861 Preacher, theologian, political activist
Gul Pacha Ulfat Gul Pacha Ulfat 1909 - 1977 Maoist student leader
Nioclas Toibin Nioclas Toibin 1928 - 1994 Sean-nós singer
Francoise Frenkel Francoise Frenkel 1889 - 1975 Writer and bookseller
Omran al-Zoubi Omran al-Zoubi 1959 - 2018 Minister of Information in the Government of Syria
Agustin de Iturbide Agustin de Iturbide 1783 - 1824 First emperor of Mexico
Nellie Yu Roung Ling Nellie Yu Roung Ling 1882 - 1973 Dancer and lady-in-waiting
Janez Maticic Janez Maticic 1926 - 2022 Composer
Lionel Guy d'Artois Lionel Guy d'Artois 1917 - 1999 SOE Agent, Military Officer
Aaron Jean-Marie Lustiger Aaron Jean-Marie Lustiger 1926 - 2007 Archbishop of Paris
Tony Scott Tony Scott 1944 - 2012 Film director and producer
Jamal al-Din al-Qasimi Jamal al-Din al-Qasimi 1866 - 1914 Islamic scholar and reformer
Andrew Mango Andrew Mango 1926 - 2014 Writer and broadcaster on Turkish affairs
Djamaluddin Adinegoro Djamaluddin Adinegoro 1904 - 1967 Press pioneer and political analyst
Mohammad al Sadr Mohammad al Sadr 1882 - 1956 Prime Minister of Iraq from 1948 to 1948
Ossy Chinedu Prestige Ossy Chinedu Prestige 1965 - 2021 Businessman and legislator
Kalpana Chawla Kalpana Chawla 1962 - 2003 Astronaut and aerospace engineer
Stephen the Great Stephen the Great 1433 - 1504 Voivode of Moldavia
Ole Paus Ole Paus 1947 - 2023 Singer-songwriter, poet, author
Peter Andreas Blix Peter Andreas Blix 1831 - 1901 Railway stations and villas in Swiss chalet style
Leni Riefenstahl Leni Riefenstahl 1902 - 2003 Nazi propaganda films
Adolfo Lopez Mateos Adolfo Lopez Mateos 1909 - 1969 President of Mexico
Gustavo Sainz Gustavo Sainz 1940 - 2015 Spanish language author
Shabaka Shabaka -712 - -696 Kushite king and founder of the 25th dynasty
Vikram Sarabhai Vikram Sarabhai 1919 - 1971 Physicist and astronomer, founder of ISRO
Leonid Dimov Leonid Dimov 1926 - 1987 Poet and translator
Salah al-Din Bitar Salah al-Din Bitar 1912 - 1980 Politician
Pavel Popovich Pavel Popovich 1930 - 2009 Soviet cosmonaut
Mutsuhito Mutsuhito 1852 - 1912 Emperor of Japan and leader
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1749 - 1832 Writer, poet, scientist, statesman
Marigo Posio Marigo Posio 1882 - 1932 Embroiderer of the Albanian flag
Muna Obiekwe Muna Obiekwe 1979 - 2015 Actor
Guy Gilbert Guy Gilbert 1935 - 2023 Priest and educator of troubled youth
Abd al-Halim Abu Ghazala Abd al-Halim Abu Ghazala 1930 - 2008 Defense Minister of Egypt
Tryggve Gran Tryggve Gran 1888 - 1980 Polar explorer and aviator
Fateh Khan Barakzai Fateh Khan Barakzai 1777 - 1818 Wazir of the Durrani Empire Shah Durrani
Madeeha Gauhar Madeeha Gauhar 1956 - 2018 Theatre director and founder of Ajoka Theatre
Khawar Rizvi Khawar Rizvi 1938 - 1981 Poet and scholar of Urdu and Persian
Erik Satie Erik Satie 1866 - 1925 Composer and pianist
Iuliu Maniu Iuliu Maniu 1873 - 1953 Politician
Ivar Aasen Ivar Aasen 1813 - 1896 Creator of Nynorsk
Gani Fawehinmi Gani Fawehinmi 1938 - 2009 Human and civil rights lawyer
Evgenia Antipova Evgenia Antipova 1917 - 2009 Painter
Derek Mahon Derek Mahon 1941 - 2020 Poet
Alexandru Paleologu Alexandru Paleologu 1919 - 2005 Essayist, Literary Critic, Diplomat, Politician
Ivan Patzaichin Ivan Patzaichin 1949 - 2021 Canoeist
Charusita Chakravarty Charusita Chakravarty 1964 - 2016 Professor of chemistry at IIT Delhi
Bartolome Esteban Murillo Bartolome Esteban Murillo 1617 - 1682 Painter of the Spanish Baroque school
Yaqoob Atif Yaqoob Atif 1945 - 2023 Singer and actor
Liaquat Ali Khan Liaquat Ali Khan 1895 - 1951 First prime minister of Pakistan
Julio Cesar de Mello e Souza Julio Cesar de Mello e Souza 1895 - 1974 writing books on recreational mathematics
Le Duan Le Duan 1907 - 1986 Politician
Silviu Brucan Silviu Brucan 1916 - 2006 political analyst
John Harrison John Harrison 1693 - 1776 Clockmaker and inventor of the marine chronometer
Christodoulos Paraskevaidis Christodoulos Paraskevaidis 1939 - 2008 Archbishop of Athens and All Greece
Robert Palmer Robert Palmer 1949 - 2003 Singer, songwriter, record producer
Yi Xing Yi Xing 683 - 727 Astronomer, Buddhist monk, inventor
Arkady Kobyakov Arkady Kobyakov 1962 - 2002 Folk singer-songwriter
Zhou Tong Zhou Tong 1060 - 1121 Archery teacher of Yue Fei
Munzir Al Musawa Munzir Al Musawa 1973 - 2013 Former robber and gambling tycoon
Maren Kirstine Kjaer Maren Kirstine Kjaer 1893 - 1985 Portrait painter
Wilbur R. Franks Wilbur R. Franks 1901 - 1986 G-suit and cancer research
Dumitru Matcovschi Dumitru Matcovschi 1939 - 2013 Writer
Kristo Negovani Kristo Negovani 1875 - 1905 Author of Istori e dhiatësë vietërë
Peter Allen Peter Allen 1944 - 1992 singer-songwriter, musician, and entertainer
Vladimir Korolenko Vladimir Korolenko 1853 - 1921 Writer, journalist, human rights activist
Sanjay Surkar Sanjay Surkar 1959 - 2012 Marathi film director
Ali Al Wardi Ali Al Wardi 1913 - 1995 Adopting modern social theories
Gloria Fuertes Gloria Fuertes 1917 - 1998 Novelist and poet
Karl Donitz Karl Donitz 1891 - 1980 Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine
Arfa Karim Arfa Karim 1995 - 2012 Student and computer prodigy
Ana Luisa Amaral Ana Luisa Amaral 1956 - 2022 Poet, translator
Janez Bole Janez Bole 1919 - 2007 Composer
Creat A Memorial Profile

Top 10 Died Influential People

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  • 1. Coco Chanel

    Died: 1971 A.D
    Slogan: A girl should be two things: classy and fabulous.

    Coco Chanel was a French fashion designer and businesswoman who revolutionized the style and aesthetics of women's clothing in the 20th century. She was born in a poorhouse in Saumur, France, and raised by nuns after her mother's death. She learned to sew at a young age and started her career as a milliner. She opened her first shop in Paris in 1910, selling hats and later expanding to clothing. She introduced simple, elegant, and comfortable designs that contrasted with the corseted and elaborate fashion of the time. She popularized the use of jersey fabric, tweed, and black color in women's clothing. She also created iconic accessories such as the quilted purse, costume jewelry, and the interlocked-CC monogram. She launched her first perfume, Chanel No. 5, in 1921, which became one of the most famous fragrances in the world. She also designed costumes for theater and cinema, collaborating with artists such as Pablo Picasso, Igor Stravinsky, and Jean Cocteau. She closed her fashion house during World War II and faced controversy for her involvement with a German officer. She returned to fashion in 1954, at the age of 71, and continued to create influential collections until her death in 1971. She is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in fashion history and a symbol of modern, liberated, and independent womanhood.

    Coco Chanel Profile

  • 2. Agus Salim

    Died: 1954 A.D
    Slogan: The people's welfare is the highest law

    Agus Salim was born on 8 October 1884 in Koto Gadang, a village in North Sumatra. He was the eldest of nine children in a Batak Muslim family. He studied teaching at a school in Medan and then enrolled at a military academy in Bandung. He became a member of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, but following the Japanese invasion in 1942, he joined the Defenders of the Homeland, a Japanese-sponsored militia. After the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945, he enlisted in the fledgling Indonesian armed forces, and fought during the Indonesian National Revolution against the Dutch colonial forces. He rose to prominence as a charismatic and innovative leader, and in 1946, he was appointed commander of the Siliwangi Division, the guerrilla unit operating in West Java. He became known for his hit-and-run tactics, his loyalty to the republic, and his resistance to communist influence. He also developed the concept of territorial warfare, which involved mobilizing the local population to support the military effort. He was captured by the Dutch in 1949, but was released after the recognition of Indonesian sovereignty in 1950. He then became the chief of staff of the Indonesian Army, and later the commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. He was involved in several military and political conflicts, such as the Madiun Affair, the Darul Islam rebellion, the PRRI Permesta rebellion, the West New Guinea dispute, the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, and the 30 September Movement. He survived an assassination attempt during the latter, which was a failed coup attempt by a faction of the army led by communist sympathizers. He lost his position as the defense minister, but remained influential in the military and politics. He supported the rise of General Suharto, who took over the presidency from Sukarno in 1967. He became the speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly, the highest legislative body in the country, and held the position until 1972. He retired from politics in 1978, and spent his later years writing books and giving lectures. He died of a heart attack on 4 November 1954 in Jakarta, and was buried with full military honors at the Kalibata Heroes Cemetery. He is regarded as one of the founding fathers of the Indonesian military and a national hero.

    Agus Salim Profile

  • 3. Nizar Qabbani

    Died: 1998 A.D
    Slogan: What is the difference between me and the sky?it is that when you laugh, I forget about the sky.

    Nizar Qabbani was a Syrian poet, writer, and publisher who is considered to be one of the most influential and popular poets in the Arab world. He was born in Damascus in 1923 to a middle-class merchant family and was the grandnephew of the pioneering Arab playwright Abu Khalil Qabbani. He studied law at the University of Damascus and graduated in 1945. He then joined the Syrian Foreign Ministry and served as a diplomat in several countries, including Egypt, Turkey, Lebanon, Britain, China, and Spain. He resigned from his diplomatic career in 1966 and moved to Beirut, Lebanon, where he founded his own publishing company. He later lived in Geneva, Switzerland, and London, England, where he died in 1998. Qabbani's poetic style combines simplicity and elegance in exploring themes of love, eroticism, feminism, religion, and Arab nationalism. He wrote more than 20 collections of poetry, some of which were set to music and sung by famous Arab singers. He also wrote prose, essays, and letters. He is known for his innovative use of free verse and his expression of the Arab woman's voice and perspective. He was influenced by the tragic death of his sister, who committed suicide rather than marry a man she did not love, and by the political and social upheavals in the Arab world, especially the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Arab defeat in the 1967 war. He was a staunch critic of Arab regimes and leaders, and a supporter of democracy and human rights. He was also a lover of Arabic culture and language, and a defender of Arab identity and dignity. He received many awards and honors for his literary contributions, and is widely regarded as Syria's national poet.

    Nizar Qabbani Profile

  • 4. Juan Martin Diez

    Died: 1825 A.D
    Slogan: I will die as I have lived: defending my country and my ideas.

    Juan Martín Díez was born in a peasant family in Castrillo de Duero, Valladolid, Spain on September 5, 1775. He had a passion for military affairs since his childhood and participated in the War of the Pyrenees against France when he was 18. He married María Antonia Santos Platero in 1796 and settled in Fuentecén, Burgos, where he worked as a farmer until the French invasion of Spain in 1808. He then organized a group of guerrillas composed of his friends and relatives to fight against the invaders. He earned the nickname El Empecinado (the Undaunted) for his courage and persistence. He fought in many battles and skirmishes along the Duero river basin and other provinces, harassing and defeating the French troops with his superior knowledge of the terrain and his unconventional tactics. He was promoted to the rank of captain in 1809 and later to brigadier general in 1812. He also collaborated with the regular Spanish army and the British allies led by Wellington. He was a supporter of the liberal Constitution of 1812 and opposed the absolutist monarchy of Ferdinand VII, who abolished the constitution after his restoration in 1814. He joined the liberal uprising of 1820 and defended the constitutional regime against the royalist forces. He was captured by the royalists in 1823 and imprisoned in Pamplona. He was later transferred to Roa de Duero, where he was sentenced to death by hanging on August 20, 1825. He died with dignity and courage, refusing to ask for pardon or mercy. His body was buried in Burgos cemetery. He is regarded as one of the most prominent figures of the Spanish War of Independence and a hero of liberalism. His life inspired many writers, artists, and historians. His name is honored in many streets, squares, monuments, and institutions throughout Spain. His legacy lives on in the Spanish people's struggle for freedom and democracy.

    Juan Martin Diez Profile

  • 5. Abraham Lincoln

    Died: 1865 A.D
    Slogan:

    Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, who led the nation through the Civil War and abolished slavery. He was born in a log cabin in Kentucky in 1809, and grew up in poverty on the frontier. He taught himself to read and write, and became a lawyer and a politician. He joined the new Republican Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery, and became famous for his debates with Stephen A. Douglas in 1858. He ran for president in 1860, and won with a majority of electoral votes, but not popular votes. His election triggered the secession of several Southern states, who formed the Confederate States of America. Lincoln refused to recognize their independence, and declared war to preserve the Union. Lincoln faced many challenges and difficulties during the war, both on the battlefield and on the home front. He had to deal with divided public opinion, political rivals, incompetent generals, and personal tragedies. He also had to balance his own moral convictions with the practical realities of war. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, which declared that all enslaved people in the rebel states were free. He also supported the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the entire country. He delivered some of the most memorable speeches in American history, such as the Gettysburg Address and the Second Inaugural Address, which expressed his vision of democracy, equality, and reconciliation. Lincoln was widely admired for his leadership, courage, honesty, and compassion. He was also hated by many who opposed his policies and views. On April 14, 1865, just five days after the Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court House, he was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer, at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. He died the next morning, becoming the first American president to be killed in office. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest presidents in American history, and his legacy continues to inspire millions of people around the world.

    Abraham Lincoln Profile

  • 6. France Preseren

    Died: 1849 A.D
    Slogan: Love and wine I do not scorn, nor sweet company of the fair; but freedom's all I wish to share.

    France Prešeren was a 19th-century Romantic Slovene poet, considered the greatest Slovene classical poet and has inspired later Slovene literature. He wrote the first Slovene ballad and the first Slovene epic. After his death, he became the leading name of the Slovene literary canon.

    France Preseren Profile

  • 7. Robert Gordon Menzies

    Died: 1978 A.D
    Slogan: It is better to be defeated on principle than to win on lies.

    Robert Menzies was a prominent Australian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th prime minister of Australia for a total of over 18 years, making him the longest-serving prime minister in Australian history. He held office twice, first from 1939 to 1941 and then from 1949 to 1966. He was also the leader of the United Australia Party (UAP) in his first term and the founder and leader of the Liberal Party of Australia in his second term. Menzies was born in Jeparit, Victoria, on 20 December 1894. He was the fourth of five children of James Menzies, a storekeeper and politician, and Kate Sampson, a miner's daughter. He attended various schools in Ballarat and Melbourne before graduating with first-class honours in law from the University of Melbourne in 1916. He became a barrister in 1918 and quickly established himself as one of the leading lawyers in Victoria. He was appointed a King's Counsel in 1929, the youngest in Victoria at the time. Menzies entered politics in 1928 as a member of the Nationalist Party, which later became the UAP. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council and then to the Legislative Assembly, serving as Attorney-General and Minister for Railways. In 1934, he resigned from state politics and won the federal seat of Kooyong as a UAP candidate. He became Attorney-General and Minister for Industry in Joseph Lyons' government and was also deputy leader of the UAP from 1935. He resigned from cabinet in 1939 over a dispute about national insurance. Menzies became prime minister in April 1939 after Lyons died in office and Earle Page served as caretaker for 18 days. He led Australia into World War II and spent four months in England in 1941 to participate in Winston Churchill's war cabinet. However, he faced opposition from his coalition partner, the Country Party, and from some members of his own party. He lost the confidence of his party and resigned as prime minister in August 1941. He was succeeded by Arthur Fadden, who lasted only 40 days before being replaced by John Curtin of the Labor Party. Menzies remained as leader of the UAP until 1943, when he lost his seat at the federal election. He then helped to create a new conservative party, the Liberal Party of Australia, which he became the inaugural leader of in August 1945. He led the opposition against Curtin's successor, Ben Chifley, until he won the federal election in December 1949. He formed a coalition government with the Country Party and returned as prime minister. Menzies' second term as prime minister lasted for over 16 years, during which he won seven consecutive elections. He presided over a period of economic growth, social stability, immigration expansion, higher education development, national security policies, and international alliances. He strengthened Australia's ties with Britain and the United States, supported the creation of NATO and SEATO, signed the ANZUS Treaty and the Colombo Plan, sent troops to Korea, Malaya, and Vietnam, recognised Israel and Japan as sovereign states, opposed communism and apartheid, promoted British Commonwealth cooperation, and supported constitutional reform. Menzies retired as prime minister in January 1966 at the age of 71. He was succeeded by Harold Holt, who drowned a year later. Menzies remained active in public life until his death in May 1978. He wrote several books, gave lectures, served as chancellor of the University of Melbourne, and was involved in various cultural and educational organisations. He was knighted in 1963 and received many honours and awards, both in Australia and abroad. He was widely regarded as one of the most influential and respected figures in Australian history. Menzies was married to Pattie Maie Leckie, a journalist and political activist, from 1920 until her death in 1978. They had three children: Kenneth, Ian, and Heather. Menzies was a devout Presbyterian and a keen sportsman. He enjoyed cricket, golf, tennis, chess, and bridge. He was also fond of literature, music, art, and history. He had a distinctive voice and a sharp wit, which he used to great effect in his speeches and debates. He was known for his loyalty to his friends and his principles, as well as his ambition and determination. He was nicknamed "Ming" by his supporters and "Pig Iron Bob" by his critics.

    Robert Gordon Menzies Profile

  • 8. Pyotr Bagration

    Died: 1812 A.D
    Slogan: The Russian Army always has been success.

    Pyotr Bagration was a Russian general and prince of Georgian origin, prominent during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Bagration, a member of the Bagrationi dynasty, was born in Kizlyar. His father, Ivan (Ivane), served as an officer in the Imperial Russian Army, in which Bagration also enlisted in 1782. Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration began his military career serving in the Russo-Circassian War of 1763–1864 for a couple of years. Afterwards he participated in a war against the Ottomans and the capture of Ochakov in 1788. Later he helped suppress the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794 in Poland and capture Warsaw. During Russia's Italian and Swiss campaigns of 1799 against the French, he served with distinction under Field Marshal Alexander Suvorov. In 1805 Russia joined the coalition against Napoleon. After the collapse of the Austrians at Ulm in October 1805, Bagration won praise for his successful defense in the Battle of Schöngrabern (November 1805) that allowed Russian forces to withdraw and unite with the main Russian army of Mikhail Kutuzov. In December 1805 the combined Russo-Austrian army suffered defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz, where Bagration commanded the allied right wing against the French under Jean Lannes. He subsequently participated in a series of unsuccessful battles: Austerlitz (Dec. 2, 1805), Eylau (Feb. 7–8, 1807), Heilsburg (June 10, 1807), and Friedland (June 14, 1807); but, after Russia formed an alliance with France (Treaty of Tilsit; July 7, 1807) and engaged in a war against Sweden, Bagration marched across the frozen Gulf of Finland and captured the strategic Åland Islands (1808). He was then transferred to the south (1809) and placed in command of a force fighting the Turks in Bulgaria (Russo-Turkish War of 1806–12). When Russia and France renewed their hostilities (1812), he was given command of the 2nd Russian Army in the West. Although his troops were defeated by the French at Mogilyov and separated from the main Russian army in July, he saved them from destruction and rejoined the main force in August. On Sept. 7, 1812, at the Battle of Borodino, near Moscow, Bagration commanded the left wing of the Russian forces and was fatally wounded. A monument was erected in his honour by Emperor Nicholas I on the battlefield of Borodino.

    Pyotr Bagration Profile

  • 9. Emperor Pedro II

    Died: 1891 A.D
    Slogan: May God grant me these last wishes – peace and prosperity for Brazil.

    Pedro II was the second and last emperor of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina. His father's abrupt abdication and departure to Europe in 1831 left the five-year-old as emperor and led to a grim and lonely childhood and adolescence, obliged to spend his time studying in preparation for rule. His experiences with court intrigues and political disputes during this period greatly affected his later character; he grew into a man with a strong sense of duty and devotion toward his country and his people, yet increasingly resentful of his role as monarch. Pedro II inherited an empire on the verge of disintegration, but he turned Brazil into an emerging power in the international arena. The nation grew to be distinguished from its Hispanic neighbors on account of its political stability, zealously guarded freedom of speech, respect for civil rights, vibrant economic growth, and form of government—a functional representative parliamentary monarchy. Brazil was also victorious in the Platine War, the Uruguayan War, and the Paraguayan War, as well as prevailing in several other international disputes and domestic tensions. Pedro II steadfastly pushed through the abolition of slavery despite opposition from powerful political and economic interests. A savant in his own right, the Emperor established a reputation as a vigorous sponsor of learning, culture, and the sciences, and he won the respect and admiration of people such as Charles Darwin, Victor Hugo, and Friedrich Nietzsche, and was a friend to Richard Wagner, Louis Pasteur, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, among others. He was married to Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, with whom he had four children, two of whom died in infancy. He was a devoted father and husband, and a cultured and well-read man. He was also a lover of nature and photography, and a patron of the arts and sciences. He was deposed by a military coup in 1889, which proclaimed Brazil a republic. He accepted the end of the monarchy without resistance and went into exile in Europe with his family. He died in Paris in 1891, at the age of 66, and his remains were later returned to Brazil with honors. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest Brazilian leaders and a champion of democracy, freedom, and progress.

    Emperor Pedro II Profile

  • 10. Nicolaus Copernicus

    Died: 1543 A.D
    Slogan: Mathematics is written for mathematicians.

    Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance polymath who revolutionized astronomy by proposing that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the solar system. He also made contributions to mathematics, economics, medicine, and canon law. He studied at various universities in Poland and Italy, where he learned classical languages, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. He became a canon of the Warmian Cathedral chapter and a doctor of canon law. He also served as a diplomat, governor, and administrator for the church and the Polish king. He spent most of his life in Royal Prussia, a semi-autonomous region of the Kingdom of Poland. He wrote his magnum opus, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), in which he presented his heliocentric theory, over several decades. He delayed publishing it until 1543, the year of his death, fearing the criticism and controversy it would provoke. His book was banned by the Catholic Church and condemned by Protestant theologians, but it also inspired many later astronomers and scientists, such as Galileo, Kepler, Descartes, and Newton, who built on his ideas and developed the modern scientific worldview. Copernicus is widely regarded as one of the greatest astronomers and one of the fathers of modern science.

    Nicolaus Copernicus Profile

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