Biography & memorial of Turkey died people

Gregory V of Constantinople 1746 - 1821 Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople

Ertugrul Gazi 1188 - 1280 Chieftain of the Kayı tribe

John III Ducas Vatatzes 1192 - 1254 Emperor of Nicaea and Byzantine ruler

Piri Reis 1465 - 1553 Navigator, geographer and cartographer

Abdulmecid I 1823 - 1861 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Constantine XI Palaiologos 1405 - 1453 Last Byzantine emperor

Shimon Agassi 1852 - 1914 Patriarch of Antioch

Yilmaz Guney 1937 - 1984 Film director, screenwriter, novelist, and actor

Cemal Gursel 1895 - 1966 President of Turkey, leader

Ragip Gumuspala 1897 - 1964 Chief of the General Staff

Agop Terzan 1927 - 2020 Discoverer of variable stars and globular clusters

Ismet inonu 1884 - 1973 President of Turkey

Theophanes the Confessor 732 - 817 Monk and chronicler

Halit Akcatepe 1938 - 2017 Actor

Iakovos Koukouzis 1911 - 2005 Primate of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese

Dilhan Eryurt 1926 - 2012 Astrophysicist

Arif Mardin 1932 - 2006 Music producer and arranger

Adnan Menderes 1899 - 1961 Prime Minister of Turkey

Mehmet Fuat Koprulu 1890 - 1966 Turkologist, sociologist, historian

Esmeray Diriker 1949 - 2002 Singer, actress

Sabiha Gokcen 1913 - 2001 World's first female fighter pilot

Murad I 1326 - 1389 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Jani Vreto 1822 - 1900 founder of the Society for the Publication

Ahmed Djemal 1872 - 1922 Ottoman military leader

Ahmed I 1590 - 1617 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Necmettin Erbakan 1926 - 2011 Prime minister of Turkey

Markos Vafiades 1906 - 1992 Communist leader and guerrilla commander

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk 1881 - 1938 Founder and first president of Turkey

Burhan Asaf Belge 1899 - 1967 Politician, diplomat, journalist, writer

Mehmed V 1844 - 1918 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Sait Faik Abasiyanik 1906 - 1954 Short story writer

Kenan Evren 1917 - 2015 President and coup leader

Anastasius I Dicorus 431 - 518 Byzantine emperor

Kosem Sultan 1589 - 1651 Sultana and regent of the Ottoman Empire

Philotheos Bryennios 1833 - 1917 Metropolitan of Nicomedia

Fatma Ceren Necipoglu 1973 - 2009 Harpist and university lecturer

Selim II 1524 - 1574 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Omer Dongeloglu 1968 - 2020 program yapımcısı ve televizyon sunucusu

Naim Frasheri 1846 - 1900 Poet, nationalist

Mustafa Resid Pasa 1800 - 1858 Grand vizier and chief architect of Tanzimat

Mustafa Dagistanli 1931 - 2022 Wrestler and politician

Mahmud II 1785 - 1839 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Ignatius Aphrem I Barsoum 1887 - 1957 Patriarch of Antioch and head

Helin Bolek 1991 - 2020 Singer of Grup Yorum

Mehmed II 1432 - 1481 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Ali Suavi 1839 - 1878 Political activist and reformer

Meral Okay 1959 - 2012 Screenwriter and actress

Safiye Ali 1894 - 1952 Physician

Basil II 958 - 1025 Byzantine emperor and military strategist

Hayreddin Barbarossa 1478 - 1546 Ottoman naval commander and corsair

Orhan Veli Kanik 1914 - 1950 Modernist poet

Abdul Hamid II 1842 - 1918 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam

Fahri Sabit Koruturk 1903 - 1987 President of Turkey, Commander of the Turkish Navy

Aytac Yalman 1940 - 2020 Turkish Army Commander

Murad III 1546 - 1595 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Ibrahim I 1615 - 1648 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Dario Moreno 1921 - 1968 Singer, composer, lyricist, guitarist, film actor

Hoca Sadeddin Efendi 1536 - 1599 Teacher of Sultan Murad III, Shaykh al-Islam

Huner Coskuner 1963 - 2021 Classical Turkish music

Ibrahim Sinasi 1826 - 1871 Founder of Turkish dramaturgy

Theophylact Simocatta -585 - -640 Byzantine historiographer

Huseyin Rahmi Gurpinar 1864 - 1944 Novelist and journalist

Gregory Palamas 1296 - 1357 Orthodox monk and archbishop of Thessalonica

Pargali Ibrahim Pasha 1495 - 1536 Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire

Parthenius of Nicaea -140 - -100 Poet and grammarian

Basil of Caesarea 330 - 379 Bishop of Caesarea and defender of orthodoxy

Sukru Kaya 1883 - 1959 Minister of Interior and Foreign Affairs

Sebouh Chouldjian 1959 - 2020 Armenian Apostolic prelate

Necip Fazil Kisakurek 1904 - 1983 Poet, novelist, playwright, and Islamist ideologue

Ali Husrev Bozer 1925 - 2020 Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign

Halide Edib Adivar 1884 - 1964 Novelist and pioneer in the emancipation of women

Tarik Akan 1949 - 2016 Actor and producer

Kemal Sunal 1944 - 2000 Actor and comedian

Ali Riza Pasha 1860 - 1932 Grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire

Fevzi Cakmak 1876 - 1950 Chief of General Staff of Turkey

David Josiah Brewer 1837 - 1910 Associate Justice of the Supreme Court

MUnir Ozkul 1925 - 2018 Theater and cinema actor

Muhammad Fadhel al Jamali 1856 - 1913 Ottoman generalissimo and grand vizier

Mirza Muhammad Ali 1853 - 1913 Ottoman generalissimo and grand vizier

Mehmed I 1386 - 1421 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Suleyman Demirel 1924 - 2015 President and Prime Minister of Turkey

Bulent Ecevit 1925 - 2006 Prime Minister of Turkey

Burhan Kuzu 1955 - 2020 constitutional law professor and former MP

Halet Cambel 1916 - 2014 Archaeologist and Olympic fencer

Mahmud Shevket Pasha 1856 - 1913 Ottoman generalissimo and grand vizier

Murad II 1404 - 1451 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Mehmed Fuad Pasha 1814 - 1869 Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire

Asik Veysel 1894 - 1973 Poet and bağlama player

Tevfik Fikret 1867 - 1915 Founder of the modern school of Turkish poetry

Ali Kemal 1869 - 1922 Minister of the Interior in the Ottoman Empire

Hrant Dink 1954 - 2007 Editor-in-chief of Agos

Mesut Yilmaz 1947 - 2020 Prime Minister of Turkey

Latife Usaki 1898 - 1975 Lawyer

Athenagoras I of Constantinople 1886 - 1972 Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople

Bergen 1958 - 1989 Arabesque singer

Luther George Simjian 1905 - 1997 Inventor of the Bankmatic ATM and the Teleprompter

Oguz Atay 1934 - 1977 Pioneer of the modern novel in Turkey

Deniz Gezmis 1947 - 1972 Marxist-Leninist revolutionary

Osman Hamdi Bey 1842 - 1910 Painter, archaeologist, museum curator

Cyril Lucaris 1572 - 1638 Patriarch of Constantinople and Alexandria

Turgut Ozal 1927 - 1993 President and Prime Minister of Turkey

Mehmed IV 1642 - 1693 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Selim I 1470 - 1520 Ottoman sultan and caliph

Huseyin Hilmi Pasha 1855 - 1922 Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire

Ahmed Sefik Midhat Pasha 1822 - 1883 Grand Vizier and author of the Ottoman Constitutio

Ibrahim Kaypakkaya 1949 - 1973 Founder and leader of the Communist Party Turkey

Ahmed III 1673 - 1736 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Naji al Jerf 1977 - 2015 Documentary filmmaker

Muslum Gurses 1953 - 2013 Arabesque singer and actor

Mehmed III 1566 - 1603 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Oya Kayaik 1938 - 2020 Orphanage nurse

Mustafa II 1664 - 1703 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Mahmud Tarzi 1865 - 1933

Abdulaziz 1830 - 1876 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Flavian I of Antioch 320 - 404 Bishop of Antioch

Osman III 1699 - 1757 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Baris Manco 1943 - 1999 Rock musician, singer, composer, actor

Hovhannes Tcholakian 1919 - 2016 Archbishop of the Armenian Catholic Church

Suleiman II 1642 - 1691 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Abdul Hamid I 1725 - 1789 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Namik Kemal 1840 - 1888 Poet, playwright and social reformer

Cevdet Sunay 1899 - 1982 President of Turkey and army officer

Cetin Altan 1927 - 2015 Writer, journalist and member of parliament

Ilhan Berk 1918 - 2008 Poet, essayist, translator

Celal Bayar 1883 - 1986 President of Turkey

Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha 1815 - 1871 Grand Vizier , Foreign Minister Ottoman Empire

Bayezid I 1360 - 1403 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Wasfi al-Tal 1919 - 1971 Prime Minister of Jordan

Abbas Vesim Efendi 1689 - 1760 Physician, calligrapher, poet and scholar

Ahmed Nedim 1681 - 1730 Ottoman lyric poet of the Tulip Period

Meshulam Riklis 1923 - 2019 Corporate takeover artist

Molana Jalal Uddin Rumi 1207 - 1273 Sufi poetry, Hanafi, Maturidi theology

Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem 1847 - 1914 Writer, poet, literary critic, teacher

Nihat Erim 1912 - 1980 Prime Minister of Turkey (1971-1972)

Naum Veqilharxhi 1797 - 1846 Lawyer and scholar

Ismail Pasha 1830 - 1895 Khedive of Egypt and Sudan

Neset Ertas 1938 - 2012 Folk singer and baglama player

Ephrem the Syrian 306 - 373 Hymnographer and biblical commentator

Mustafa I 1559 - 1639 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Sukru Saracoglu 1887 - 1953 Prime Minister of Turkey

Suleyman Celebi 1377 - 1411 Ottoman prince and co-ruler of the empire

Constantine I 272 - 337 Roman emperor and Christian convert

Murad V 1840 - 1904 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Gulnus Sultan 1642 - 1715 Haseki Sultan of Mehmed IV

Cem Karaca 1945 - 2004 Rock musician and composer

Nubar Pasha 1825 - 1899 Prime Minister of Egypt

Ignatius Peter IV 1798 - 1894 Patriarch of Antioch and head

Anthimus VII Tsatsos 1827 - 1913 Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople

Andre Chenier 1762 - 1794 Poet and political journalist

Ahmet Ertegun 1923 - 2006 Co-founder and president of Atlantic Records

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1. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Died: 1938 A.D
Slogan: Peace at home, peace in the world
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was a Turkish soldier, statesman, and reformer who is widely regarded as the founder of the modern Republic of Turkey. He rose to prominence as a military commander in the Ottoman army during World War I, where he successfully defended the Gallipoli peninsula against the Allied invasion. After the war, he led the Turkish War of Independence against the occupying forces of the victorious powers. He established a provisional government in Ankara and repelled the Greek forces that aimed to annex western Anatolia. He abolished the Ottoman monarchy and proclaimed the Republic of Turkey in 1923, becoming its first president. He embarked on a series of radical reforms that transformed Turkey into a secular and westernized nation-state, with a new alphabet, civil code, education system, and women's rights. He also promoted Turkish nationalism and cultural identity, while suppressing Kurdish and other ethnic minorities. He is revered by many Turks as the "Father of the Turks" and the "Great Leader", and his mausoleum in Ankara is a national symbol. He is also widely respected internationally as a visionary leader and a military genius. He died of liver cirrhosis in 1938, leaving behind a lasting legacy of modernization and secularism.

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Profile
2. Necmettin Erbakan

Died: 2011 A.D
Slogan: The whole of mankind is one nation
Necmettin Erbakan was a Turkish politician, engineer, and academic who was the Prime Minister of Turkey from 1996 to 1997. He was the leader of the Islamist Welfare Party from 1983 to 1998. He was also the leader of the National Outlook Movement from 1969 to 1983. Erbakan was the founder and leader of several prominent Islamic political parties in Turkey from the 1960s to the 2010s, namely the National Order Party, the National Salvation Party, the Welfare Party, the Virtue Party, and the Felicity Party. He was the first Islamist prime minister of Turkey and the first to be forced to resign by the military. He was later banned from politics by the Constitutional Court of Turkey for allegedly violating the separation of religion and state as mandated by the constitution. Erbakan was born in Sinop, at the coast of Black Sea in northern Turkey. He was the son of one of the last Islamic judges of the Ottoman Empire, whose system of religious courts was replaced by a secular legal code after the founding of modern Turkey by Kemal Atatürk in 1923. He received degrees in mechanical engineering from Istanbul Technical University, where he later taught, and the Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University of Aachen, then in West Germany. He was elected in 1969 to the legislature as an independent and formed an Islamic party the following year, but it was banned by the military government in 1971. He re-formed the party in 1972 and twice during the 1970s served as a deputy prime minister. In 1980 the military again banned the party and briefly imprisoned Erbakan. He was prohibited from engaging in politics from 1980 to 1987. When he returned to politics, Erbakan became a leader of the pro-Islamic Welfare Party, which was well organized on the local level and opposed what many saw as the arrogant corruption of the leaders of the established parties. In the run-up to the 1995 parliamentary elections, Erbakan advocated withdrawing from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, abrogating agreements with Israel, and developing closer ties with such Middle Eastern countries as Syria and Iran. His proposals were particularly unsettling to Western leaders, who had long depended on a friendly secular government in Turkey as a basis for their policy in the Middle East. A large segment of voters, however, seemed to support his views, as the Welfare Party won the largest number of seats, capturing 158 of the 550 seats in the legislature and thereby becoming the first Islamic party ever to win a general election in Turkey. Early in 1996 Erbakan tried but failed to form a coalition government. A centre-right coalition of the True Path and Motherland parties then held power until internal disagreements brought it down in June. Erbakan then formed a coalition with the True Path Party, led by Tansu Çiller, and became the prime minister. His tenure was marked by tensions with the secular establishment, especially the military, which saw him as a threat to the secular order. Erbakan pursued a pro-Islamic foreign policy, visiting Iran, Libya, and Nigeria, and hosting a summit of the Developing Eight, a group of Muslim-majority countries. He also faced criticism for his attempts to ease the restrictions on religious expression in Turkey, such as allowing women to wear headscarves in public institutions and promoting religious education. In February 1997, the military issued a memorandum demanding Erbakan to implement a series of measures to curb the influence of Islamism in Turkey. Erbakan reluctantly agreed, but his coalition partner Çiller withdrew her support and called for early elections. Erbakan resigned in June 1997, ending his 11-month term as prime minister. In January 1998, the Welfare Party was banned by the Constitutional Court for violating the principle of secularism. Erbakan was also banned from politics for five years. He was succeeded by Recai Kutan as the leader of the Virtue Party, which was formed by the former members of the Welfare Party. In 2001, the Virtue Party was also banned by the Constitutional Court, and its members split into two factions: the traditionalists, who followed Erbakan and formed the Felicity Party, and the reformists, who formed the Justice and Development Party (AKP) under the leadership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Abdullah Gül, both former protégés of Erbakan. The AKP went on to win the 2002 general elections and became the dominant force in Turkish politics, while the Felicity Party remained a minor party with little influence. Erbakan returned to politics in 2003, after his ban expired, and became the leader of the Felicity Party. He ran for president in 2007, but received only 21 votes in the parliament. He resigned as the party leader in 2004 and 2010, but was re-elected each time. He remained the leader of the party until his death in 2011. He died of heart failure at the age of 84 in Ankara. He was buried in Istanbul, next to his wife Nermin, who had died in 2005. He was survived by his three children, Zeynep, Elif, and Fatih, who also became a politician and the leader of the Yeniden Refah Partisi (Refah Party Again). Erbakan was a controversial figure in Turkish politics. He was known for his strong opposition to the secularization of Turkey and his support for Islamic values. He was also known for his strong anti-Western stance and his support for closer ties with the Muslim world. He was regarded as the founder of the Millî Görüş (National View) ideology and movement, which argued that Turkey could develop with its own power by protecting its religious values and moving forward with faster steps by rivaling the Western countries. He was also seen as the pioneer of Turkish political Islam and the mentor of many prominent Islamist politicians, including Erdoğan and Gül. He was respected by his supporters as a visionary leader and a devout Muslim, but he was also criticized by his opponents as a divisive and reactionary figure who threatened the secular and democratic foundations of Turkey.

Necmettin Erbakan Profile
3. Hamit Kaplan

Died: 1976 A.D
Slogan: I am a wrestler, not a fighter.
Hamit Kaplan was born on 20 September 1934 in Hamamözü, a town in Amasya Province, Turkey. He started wrestling as a youngster in the traditional Turkish sport of oil wrestling. He soon switched to sports wrestling and became a junior champion in the heavyweight class. He joined the national team in 1954 and was trained by the renowned wrestler Celal Atik. He competed in both freestyle and Greco-Roman styles and won many medals at international competitions. He represented Turkey at three consecutive Olympic Games in 1956, 1960 and 1964, winning gold, silver and bronze medals in freestyle wrestling. He also won three gold, two silver and three bronze medals at the World Championships, and one gold and one silver medal at the Mediterranean Games. He was known for his defensive style, which often resulted in draws. He retired after the 1964 Olympics, as he could not match the strength of his opponents. He had 175 international caps for his country. He died on 5 January 1976 at the age of 41 following a traffic accident in Çorum. He was buried in his hometown Hamamözü. A sports hall in Amasya and another one in Hamamözü are named after him. He is regarded as one of the greatest Turkish wrestlers of all time.

Hamit Kaplan Profile
4. Bulent Ecevit

Died: 2006 A.D
Slogan: Democracy is not an aim, but a way of life.
Bülent Ecevit was a Turkish politician, statesman, poet, writer, scholar, and journalist, who served as the Prime Minister of Turkey four times between 1974 and 2002. He was the leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP) from 1972 to 1980, and the founder and leader of the Democratic Left Party (DSP) from 1987 to 2004. He is known for being Turkey's only leftist prime minister and for ordering the Cyprus Peace Operation in 1974. Ecevit was born in Istanbul in 1925 to a middle-class family. His father was a physician and a member of parliament, and his mother was a painter. He graduated from Robert College in Istanbul and studied literature, art history, and Sanskrit at the universities of Ankara, London, and Harvard. He began his career as a journalist and joined the CHP in 1954. He was elected to the parliament in 1957 and became the Minister of Labour in 1961. He introduced significant labour reforms, such as the right to strike and collective bargaining. He also advocated for a "left-of-center" orientation for the CHP, which aimed to address the social and economic problems of the country. Ecevit became the leader of the CHP in 1972, after the resignation of İsmet İnönü. He led the party to victory in the 1973 and 1977 elections, forming coalition governments with various parties. He also faced several challenges, such as the 1971 military memorandum, the 1974 Cyprus crisis, the 1978 Kahramanmaraş massacre, the 1979 oil crisis, and the rise of political violence and terrorism. He was ousted from power by the 1980 military coup, which banned him and his party from politics. He spent four months in prison and was later released. Ecevit returned to politics in 1987, after the ban was lifted. He founded the DSP and became its leader. He initially struggled to gain popular support, but his party gradually increased its votes in the 1990s. He formed a coalition government with the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and the Motherland Party (ANAP) in 1999, after the DSP won the most seats in the parliament. He pursued a pro-European Union and pro-democracy agenda, as well as a peaceful solution to the Kurdish issue. He also faced the 1999 İzmit earthquake, the 2001 economic crisis, and the 2002 Iraq War. He lost the 2002 election, as his party failed to pass the 10% electoral threshold. He resigned from the DSP leadership in 2004 and retired from politics. Ecevit was also a poet, writer, and translator. He published several books of poetry, essays, and memoirs, as well as translations of Rabindranath Tagore, T. S. Eliot, and Walt Whitman. He was married to Rahşan Ecevit, who was also a politician and the co-founder of the DSP. He had no children. He died in 2006, after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage. He is buried at the Turkish State Cemetery in Ankara.

Bulent Ecevit Profile
5. Aziz Nesin

Died: 1995 A.D
Slogan: The world is a big test, people are the questions.
Aziz Nesin was a Turkish writer, humorist and the author of more than 100 books. Born in a time when Turks did not have official surnames, he had to adopt one after the Surname Law of 1934 was passed. Although his family carried the nickname "Topalosmanoğlu", after an ancestor named "Topal Osman", he chose the surname "Nesin". In Turkish, "Nesin?" means "What are you?". Nesin was born on December 20, 1915, on Heybeliada, one of the Princes' Islands of Istanbul, in the days of the Ottoman Empire. He graduated from the military academy as an engineer officer in 1937 and served in the army until 1944, when he resigned after being accused of communist activities. He then started his literary career as a writer and editor of various newspapers and magazines, such as Karikatür, Yedigün, and Marko Paşa. He wrote satirical stories, novels, plays, poems, and essays, often with a socialist slant. He was jailed several times and placed under surveillance by the National Intelligence Organization (MAH in Turkish) for his political views. He also faced censorship, lawsuits, and assassination attempts for his controversial writings. Nesin was a prolific and versatile writer, who experimented with different genres and styles. He wrote more than 100 books, some of which were translated into over 30 languages. He was especially known for his humorous stories, which often mocked the hypocrisy, corruption, and oppression of the Turkish society. He created memorable characters, such as Zübük, the cunning and unscrupulous politician, and Memleketin Birinde, the fictional town where absurd and hilarious events take place. He also wrote adaptations of foreign classics, such as Don Quixote, The Three Musketeers, and The Count of Monte Cristo, as well as original works based on Turkish folklore and history, such as The Tales of Nasrettin Hoca, The Dance of the Eagle and the Fish, and The History of the Turkish Revolution. Nesin was not only a writer, but also a social activist and philanthropist. He devoted his last years to combating religious fundamentalism and promoting secularism, democracy, and human rights. He was one of the signatories of the Petition of Intellectuals, which denounced the military coup of 1980 and demanded the restoration of civil liberties. He also founded the Nesin Foundation in 1972, which provides education and shelter for poor and orphaned children. He donated all his copyrights and royalties to the foundation, which also houses a library, a museum, and a cultural center. Nesin died on July 6, 1995, in Çeşme, İzmir, due to a heart attack. After his death, his body was buried at an unknown location in land belonging to the Nesin Foundation, without any ceremony, as requested in his will.

Aziz Nesin Profile
6. Halide Edib Adivar

Died: 1964 A.D
Slogan: I am one of those who think that the most beautiful
Halide Edib Adıvar was a Turkish writer, scholar, and public figure dedicated to the rights of women and their emancipation. She attempted to analyze the rapid transition of Turkish society and to depict the deep-seated conflict the society faced through the clash between Eastern and Western culture. She was also a Pan-Turkist and several of her novels advocated for the Turanism movement. Halide Edib was born in Constantinople (Istanbul), Ottoman Empire to an upper-class family. Her father was a secretary of the Ottoman sultan Abdul Hamid II. ² Halide Edib was educated at home by private tutors from whom she learned European and Ottoman literature, religion, philosophy, sociology, piano playing, English, French, and Arabic. She learned Greek from her neighbors and from briefly attending a Greek school in Constantinople. She attended the American College for Girls briefly in 1893. In 1897, she translated Mother by Jacob Abbott, for which the sultan awarded her the Order of Charity (Şefkat Nişanı). She attended the American College again from 1899 to 1901, when she graduated. Her father's house was a center of intellectual activity in Constantinople and even as a child Halide Edib participated in the intellectual life of the city. After graduating, she married the mathematician and astronomer Salih Zeki Bey, with whom she had two sons. She continued her intellectual activities, however, and in 1908 began writing articles on education and on the status of women for Tevfik Fikret's newspaper Tanin and the women's journal Demet. She published her first novel, Seviye Talip, in 1909. Because of her articles on education, the education ministry hired her to reform girls' schools in Constantinople. She worked with Nakiye Hanım on curriculum and pedagogy changes and also taught pedagogy, ethics, and history in various schools. She resigned over a disagreement with the ministry concerning mosque schools. She received a divorce from Salih Zeki in 1910. Her house became an intellectual salon, especially for those interested in new concepts of Turkishness. She became involved with the Turkish Hearths (Türk Ocağı) in 1911 and became the first female member in 1912. She was also a founder of the Elevation of Women (Taali-i Nisvan) organization. ² Halide Edib was a prominent figure in the Young Turk Revolution of 1908 and the subsequent political and social reforms. She supported the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) and became close friends with its leaders, such as Talat Pasha and Mustafa Kemal (later Atatürk). She was a vocal critic of the Ottoman Empire's involvement in World War I and the Armenian genocide. She also opposed the Treaty of Sèvres, which partitioned the Ottoman territories among the Allied powers. She joined the Turkish nationalist movement led by Mustafa Kemal and became a member of the executive committee of the Turkish Women's Union (Türk Kadınlar Birliği). She participated in the Turkish War of Independence as a soldier, a journalist, and a propagandist. She wrote the Turkish national anthem, İstiklâl Marşı, which was later replaced by another version. She also wrote several novels based on her experiences in the war, such as Ateşten Gömlek (The Shirt of Flame), Vurun Kahpeye (Strike the Whore), and Kalp Ağrısı (The Pain of the Heart). ² After the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, Halide Edib became a member of the Progressive Republican Party (Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası), which opposed Mustafa Kemal's authoritarian policies. She criticized his reforms on secularism, language, and education, and accused him of betraying the ideals of the revolution. She also denounced the suppression of the Kurdish rebellion in 1925. She was exiled from Turkey in 1926, along with her second husband, Adnan Adıvar, a prominent politician and scholar. They lived in various European countries and India until 1939, when they returned to Turkey after the death of Mustafa Kemal. During her exile, she wrote several novels and memoirs, such as The Turkish Ordeal, The Clown and His Daughter, and House with Wisteria. She also lectured at various universities and institutions, such as Columbia University, Sorbonne, and the School of Oriental and African Studies. ² Halide Edib continued her literary and political activities in Turkey until her death in 1964. She was elected as a member of the parliament in 1950 and 1954, representing the Democrat Party (Demokrat Parti). She also founded the Turkish Association for the Defense of Human Rights (Türkiye İnsan Hakları Derneği) in 1956. She wrote more novels, such as Sinekli Bakkal (The Clown and His Daughter), Tatarcık (The Little Ant), and Yolpalas Cinayeti (The Yolpalas Murder). She also wrote essays and articles on various topics, such as Turkish history, culture, literature, and politics. She was awarded the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade in 1958 and the Turkish State Prize for Literature in 1962. She died of cancer in Istanbul in 1964 and was buried at the Merkezefendi Cemetery. ²

Halide Edib Adivar Profile
7. Suleiman the Magnificent

Died: 1566 A.D
Slogan: I am God's slave and sultan of this world.
Suleiman the Magnificent was the tenth and longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest rulers in history, presiding over the apex of the Ottoman Empire's economic, military and political power. He personally led Ottoman armies in conquering the Christian strongholds of Belgrade and Rhodes, as well as most of Hungary, before his conquests were checked at the siege of Vienna in 1529. He annexed much of the Middle East in his conflict with the Safavids and large areas of North Africa as far west as Algeria. Under his rule, the Ottoman fleet dominated the seas from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and through the Persian Gulf. He also instituted major judicial changes relating to society, education, taxation and criminal law, harmonizing the relationship between the two forms of Ottoman law: sultanic and religious. He was a distinguished poet and goldsmith, and a great patron of culture, overseeing the "Golden" age of the Ottoman Empire in its artistic, literary and architectural development. He broke with Ottoman tradition by marrying Hürrem Sultan, a woman from his harem, an Orthodox Christian of Ruthenian origin who converted to Islam, and who became famous in the West by the name Roxelana, due to her red hair. Their son, Selim II, succeeded Suleiman following his death in 1566 after 46 years of rule. Suleiman is known in the West as Suleiman the Magnificent and in the East, as "The Lawgiver" (in Turkish Kanuni; Arabic: القانونى‎, al‐Qānūnī), for his complete reconstruction of the Ottoman legal system.

Suleiman the Magnificent Profile
8. Mimar Sinan

Died: 1588 A.D
Slogan: I have built a dome that has never been built before.
Mimar Sinan was the most celebrated architect and engineer of the Ottoman Empire, who served under the sultans Suleiman the Magnificent, Selim II, and Murad III. He was born in a small village in Anatolia, and was recruited into the Janissary corps at a young age. He received a military education and became a skilled engineer, building fortifications, roads, bridges, and aqueducts during various campaigns. He also developed an interest in architecture and studied the works of previous masters. He rose through the ranks and became the chief royal architect around the age of 50. He remained in this position for almost 50 years, during which he designed and supervised the construction of more than 300 buildings, including mosques, schools, hospitals, palaces, caravanserais, and mausoleums. He also trained many assistants and apprentices, who continued his legacy and influenced the development of Ottoman architecture. His style was characterized by a harmonious blend of Islamic, Byzantine, Persian, and Renaissance elements, as well as a mastery of geometry, proportion, and aesthetics. He experimented with different types of domes, vaults, columns, and arches, and created innovative solutions for structural and technical challenges. He was also attentive to the environmental and social aspects of his buildings, and incorporated features such as gardens, fountains, libraries, and public baths. Some of his most famous works are the Suleymaniye Mosque and the Selimiye Mosque, which are considered among the finest examples of Ottoman architecture. He died in 1588, at the age of 100, and was buried in a tomb of his own design, near the Suleymaniye Mosque. He is widely regarded as the greatest architect of the classical period of Ottoman architecture, and has been compared to Michelangelo, his contemporary in the West. He is also revered as a national hero in Turkey, and many streets, schools, and institutions are named after him.

Mimar Sinan Profile
9. Piri Reis

Died: 1553 A.D
Slogan: The coasts and islands on this map are taken from Colombo's map
Piri Reis was a 16th-century Ottoman admiral, navigator, geographer and cartographer who is best known for his world map of 1513, which is the oldest known Turkish map showing the New World and one of the oldest maps of America still in existence. He also wrote a book of navigation, the Kitab-ı Bahriye, which contains detailed information on the Mediterranean coast, islands, straits, and ports, as well as early navigational techniques and charts. Piri Reis was born around 1470 in Gallipoli, an important Ottoman naval base on the Dardanelles. His father was Hacı Mehmed Piri, a Turk from Karaman, and his uncle was Kemal Reis, a famous corsair and admiral of the Ottoman navy. Piri Reis followed his uncle's footsteps and became a privateer and seafarer at a young age, participating in many naval wars and expeditions against the Spanish, the Genoese and the Venetians. He also traveled to Egypt, Arabia, India and China, collecting maps and geographical information from various sources. In 1513, he compiled his first world map, using about 20 foreign charts and maps, including one by Christopher Columbus, as well as his own observations and knowledge. The map shows the western coasts of Europe and Africa, the eastern coasts of North and South America, and a part of Antarctica, which was not officially discovered until the 19th century. The map also contains colorful illustrations and annotations, describing the lands, peoples, animals, and plants of the different regions. The map was presented to Sultan Selim I, who was impressed by its accuracy and beauty. In 1528, Piri Reis drew a second world map, of which only a small fragment survives, showing Greenland and parts of North America and Central America. He also revised and expanded his Kitab-ı Bahriye, adding more maps and information, and dedicating it to Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. Piri Reis continued his naval career, serving as the captain of the imperial fleet and the governor of several provinces. He fought in the Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts in the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf, and captured several Portuguese fortresses and ships. He also explored the Red Sea and the Arabian Sea, and visited Mecca and Medina. In 1553, he was sent to Egypt to assist the Ottoman governor Kubad Pasha in the siege of Hormuz, a strategic island controlled by the Portuguese. However, he found his ships in poor condition and decided to lift the siege and return to Egypt. This angered Kubad Pasha, who accused him of disobedience and treason, and ordered his execution by beheading. Piri Reis was around 87 years old when he died. His maps and books were preserved in the Topkapı Palace in Istanbul, where they were rediscovered in the 20th century and attracted worldwide attention and admiration. Piri Reis is regarded as one of the greatest cartographers and navigators of the Ottoman Empire and the Islamic world, and his works are valuable sources of historical and geographical knowledge.

Piri Reis Profile
10. Yasar Dogu

Died: 1961 A.D
Slogan: Wrestling is not a sport, it is a philosophy of life
Yaşar Doğu was a renowned Turkish wrestler of Circassian descent, who won Olympic and world championships in both Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling. He started his wrestling career at the age of 15 in oil wrestling, a traditional folk sport in Turkey. He was discovered by the wrestler Celal Atik in 1936 and joined the national team in 1939. He won his first international medal, a silver, at the European Championships in Oslo, Norway in the same year. He went on to win eight gold medals in various international competitions, including the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, where he competed in the welterweight category. He was known for his strength, speed, and technique, and was regarded as one of the greatest wrestlers of all time. He retired from active wrestling in 1951 and became the trainer of the national team. He suffered a heart attack during the 1955 championships in Sweden and died on 8 January 1961 in Ankara following a second heart attack. He was buried with a state ceremony at the Cebeci Military Cemetery. He was married to Hayriye Doğu and had two children, a son named Gazanfer and a daughter. His son followed his footsteps and became a physical education and sports lecturer at Abant Izzet Baysal University in Bolu. Yaşar Doğu's legacy lives on in the Turkish wrestling scene, as he inspired many young wrestlers to pursue the sport. He was also honored with a sports hall named after him in his hometown of Samsun, and an international wrestling tournament that bears his name.

Yasar Dogu Profile

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Sait Faik Abasiyanik

1954 A.D

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GLobal

#politician, #general

Wasfi al-Tal

Age: y/o ()

Died: EG
#astronomer

Agop Terzan

Ակոբ Տերզյան

Age: y/o ()

Died: FR
#physician #astronomer #poet

Abbas Vesim Efendi

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#architect

Mimar Sinan

Koca Mi'mâr Sinân Âğâ

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#writer #feminist #activist

Halide Edib Adivar

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#wrestler

Yasar Dogu

Yaşar Doğu

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#writer #humorist

Aziz Nesin

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Died: TR
#wrestler

Hamit Kaplan

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Died: TR
#publisher #activist

Iihan Erdost

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Died: TR
#archbishop #ecumenist

Iakovos Koukouzis

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Died: US
#OttomanPrince #Poet

Suleyman Celebi

Emir Süleyman

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Died: RO
#sultan #reformer

Suleiman II

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#bishop #saint

Flavian I of Antioch

Φλαβιανός Α' της Αντιοχείας

Age: y/o ()

Died: SY
#author #scholar

Andrew Mango

Age: y/o ()

Died: GB
#politician, #jurist

Nihat Erim

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#archbishop #catholic

Hovhannes Tcholakian

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Died: TR
#poet #educator

Tevfik Fikret

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Died: TR
#scholar #historian

Hoca Sadeddin Efendi

Sa'd ad-Din, Sa'd al-Din, Sa'düddin

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#poet #playwright

Abdulhak Hamid Tarhan

Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan

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Died: TR
#singer

Huner Coskuner

Hüner Coşkuner

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Died: TR
#general #politician

Ragip Gumuspala

Ragıp Gümüşpala

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Died: TR
#writer

Huseyin Rahmi Gurpinar

Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar

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Died: TR
#theologian #poet

Ephrem the Syrian

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Died: TR
#activist #journalist

Ali Suavi

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Died: TR
#poet

Ilhan Berk

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Died: TR
#monk #chronicler

Theophanes the Confessor

Θεοφάνης Ὁμολογητής

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Died: GR
#poet

Ahmed Nedim

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Died: TR
#archbishop #prelate

Sebouh Chouldjian

Սեպուհ Չուլճեան

Age: y/o ()

Died: AM
#writer #feminist

Duygu Asena

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#poet

Mahmud Abdulbaki

Mahmud Abdülbâkî

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#theologian #scholar

Philotheos Bryennios

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Died: TR
#composer #musicologist

Edgar Manas

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#inventor

Luther George Simjian

Age: y/o ()

Died: US
#businesswoman #madam

Matild Manukyan

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#writer #poet

Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#politician

Ali Husrev Bozer

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#writer #journalist #politician

Cetin Altan

Çetin Altan

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#nurse #philanthropist

Oya Kayaik

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#politician #lawyer

Burhan Kuzu

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#monk #saint

Theodosius the Cenobiarch

Θεοδόσιος ὁ Κοινοβιάρχης

Age: y/o ()

Died: PS
#wrestler #olympian

Mustafa Dagistanli

Mustafa Dağıstanlı

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#ilahiyatçı #yazar #sunucu

Omer Dongeloglu

Ömer Döngeloğlu

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#poet #grammarian

Parthenius of Nicaea

Παρθένιος ὁ Νικαεύς

Age: y/o ()

Died: IT
#politician

Sukru Kaya

Şükrü Kaya

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#politician #journalist

Ismail Cem ipeki

İsmail Cem İpekçi

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#sultan

Mustafa I

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#general

Aytac Yalman

Aytaç Yalman

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#patriarch #saint

Germanus I of Constantinople

Γερμανός Α΄ της Κωνσταντινούπολης

Age: y/o ()

Died: GR
#singer #actress

Esmeray Diriker

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#statesman #reformer

Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#mystic #messiah

Sabbatai Zevi

Shabbeṯāy Ṣeḇī

Age: y/o ()

Died: ME
#statesman #military

Ali Riza Pasha

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#poet #satirist

Omer Nefi

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#statesman #reformer

Mehmed Fuad Pasha

Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha

Age: y/o ()

Died: FR
#writer #journalist #reformer

Ibrahim Sinasi

İbrahim Şinasi

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#sultan #ottoman

Mustafa II

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#actor

Halit Akcatepe

Halit Akçatepe

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#writer #poet

Sait Faik Abasiyanik

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#politician

Yildirim Akbulut

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR
#actor #comedian

Rasim Oztekin

Rasim Öztekin

Age: y/o ()

Died: TR