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Antiochus Kantemir Antiochus Kantemir 1708 - 1744 poet, diplomat
Marquis de Lafayette Marquis de Lafayette 1757 - 1834 Military leader and politician
Andre Chenier Andre Chenier 1762 - 1794 Poet and political journalist
Voltaire Voltaire 1694 - 1778 Writer, philosopher, historian
Maria Kwasniewska Maria Kwasniewska 1867 - 1934 Nobel laureate in physics and chemistry
Palladius Palladius 365 - 457 Bishop of Ireland
Nemir Kirdar Nemir Kirdar 1936 - 2020 Founder and CEO of Investcorp
Bernardino Pinera Carvallo Bernardino Pinera Carvallo 1915 - 2020 Bishop of Temuco and Archbishop of La Serena
Guy Gilbert Guy Gilbert 1935 - 2023 Priest and educator of troubled youth
Jean Orry Jean Orry 1652 - 1719 Controller-General of Finances in Spain
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim 1486 - 1535 Occult writer, theologian, physician
Emil Cioran Emil Cioran 1911 - 1995 Philosopher
Bernard de Montfaucon Bernard de Montfaucon 1655 - 1741 Paleographer and archaeologist
Louis XVI of France Louis XVI of France 1754 - 1793 King of France and Navarre, King of the French
Le Pho Le Pho 1907 - 2001 Painter
Wojciech Karpinski Wojciech Karpinski 1943 - 2020 Writer, historian of ideas, literary critic
Andre Coindre Andre Coindre 1787 - 1826 Founder of the Brothers of the Sacred Heart
Constantin Brancusi Constantin Brancusi 1876 - 1957 Sculptor
Jean Paul Sartre Jean Paul Sartre 1905 - 1980
Peter of Castelnau Peter of Castelnau 1170 - 1208 Cistercian monk and inquisitor
Bernard Maris Bernard Maris 1946 - 2015 Economist, writer and journalist
Gilbert Becaud Gilbert Becaud 1927 - 2001 Singer, composer, pianist and actor
Alexandre Benois Alexandre Benois 1870 - 1960 Art critic and historian
Marcel Lefebvre Marcel Lefebvre 1905 - 1991 Catholic archbishop
Henri de Lubac Henri de Lubac 1896 - 1991 Theologian and priest
Coco Chanel Coco Chanel 1883 - 1971 Fashion designer and founder of Chanel brand
Vincent van Gogh Vincent van Gogh 1853 - 1890
Pierre Guerin de Tencin Pierre Guerin de Tencin 1679 - 1758 Cardinal, archbishop of Lyon, and anti-Jansenist
Jean Francois Paul de Gondi Jean Francois Paul de Gondi 1613 - 1679 Archbishop of Paris and memoirist
Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur 1822 - 1895 Chemist and microbiologist
Luis Ocana Luis Ocana 1945 - 1994 Road bicycle racer
Eugen Ionescu Eugen Ionescu 1909 - 1994 Playwright
Germanus of Auxerre Germanus of Auxerre 378 - 445 Bishop of Autissiodorum and defender of orthodoxy
Francois Quesnay Francois Quesnay 1694 - 1774 Economist and physician
Pavel Milyukov Pavel Milyukov 1859 - 1943 Historian and foreign minister
Claude of France Claude of France 1499 - 1524 Queen consort of France and Duchess of Brittany
Pope Sylvester II Pope Sylvester II 946 - 1003 Pope and scholar of mathematics and astronomy
Nicolae Titulescu Nicolae Titulescu 1882 - 1941 Diplomat
Stephane Lupasco Stephane Lupasco 1900 - 1988 Philosopher
Tristan Tzara Tristan Tzara 1896 - 1963 Poet, Essayist
Garcilaso de la Vega Garcilaso de la Vega 1562 - 1635 Playwright and poet of the Spanish Golden Age
Paul Goma Paul Goma 1935 - 2020 Writer and dissident
Urbain Grandier Urbain Grandier 1590 - 1634 Priest and alleged sorcerer
Sania Saleh Sania Saleh 1935 - 1985 Poet and writer
Francis I of France Francis I of France 1494 - 1547 king of France and patron of the arts
Alfred Firmin Loisy Alfred Firmin Loisy 1857 - 1940 Biblical scholar and critic of traditional views
Jules Chevalier Jules Chevalier 1824 - 1907 Founder of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart
Henri Boudet Henri Boudet 1837 - 1915 Priest, amateur archeologist, philologist, writer
John XXII John XXII 1244 - 1334 Pope and theologian
Louis Antoine de Noailles Louis Antoine de Noailles 1651 - 1729 Cardinal and archbishop of Paris
Emile Durkheim Emile Durkheim 1858 - 1917 Sociology founder
Heinrich Heine Heinrich Heine 1797 - 1856 Poet, writer and literary critic
Bulat Okudzhava Bulat Okudzhava 1924 - 1997 Author song singer-songwriter
Ulfat Idlibi Ulfat Idlibi 1912 - 2007 Novelist
Bernard of Clairvaux Bernard of Clairvaux 1090 - 1153 Cistercian monk
Jean Gabin Jean Gabin 1904 - 1976 Actor and singer
Henri Gregoire Henri Gregoire 1750 - 1831 Constitutional bishop of Blois
Henry IV of France Henry IV of France 1553 - 1610 King of France and Navarre
Maximilien Robespierre Maximilien Robespierre 1758 - 1794 Leader of the French Revolution and the Reign
Paul Celan Paul Celan 1920 - 1970 Poet
Elvira Popescu Elvira Popescu 1894 - 1993 Actress
Francis II of France Francis II of France 1544 - 1560 King of France and Scotland
Andre Truong Trong Thi Andre Truong Trong Thi 1936 - 2005 Computer Engineer
Aleksandra Ekster Aleksandra Ekster 1882 - 1949 Painter and designer
Clement VI Clement VI 1291 - 1352 Pope of the Catholic Church
Musidora Musidora 1889 - 1957 Acting in silent film
Henri Matisse Henri Matisse 1869 - 1954 Painter, printmaker, sculptor, draughtsman
Le Thi Luu Le Thi Luu 1911 - 1988 Painter
Eleanor of Aquitaine Eleanor of Aquitaine 1122 - 1204 Queen consort of France and England
Riad Beyrouti Riad Beyrouti 1944 - 2019 Painter and sculptor
Alice Guy-Blache Alice Guy-Blache 1873 - 1968 Pioneer of the French and American film industries
Bao Dai Bao Dai 1913 - 1997 Emperor
Louis XV of France Louis XV of France 1710 - 1774 King of France and Navarre
Alexandre Dumas Alexandre Dumas 1802 - 1870 Historical novels and adventure stories
Nicole Stephane Nicole Stephane 1923 - 2007 Actress, producer and director
Anne Robert Jacques Turgot Anne Robert Jacques Turgot 1727 - 1781 Comptroller general of finance under Louis XVI
Ivan Bilibin Ivan Bilibin 1876 - 1942 Illustrations of Russian fairy tales
Leon Bakst Leon Bakst 1866 - 1924 Scene and costume design for the Ballets Russes
Musa Bin Jaafar Bin Hassan Musa Bin Jaafar Bin Hassan 1950 - 2020 Diplomat
Bujor Nedelcovici Bujor Nedelcovici 1936 - 2023 Novelist
Marcel Proust Marcel Proust 1871 - 1922 Novelist and critic
Niccolo Paganini Niccolo Paganini 1782 - 1840 Violinist
Alexandru Proca Alexandru Proca 1897 - 1955 Physicist
Peter the Hermit Peter the Hermit 1050 - 1115 Crusader and preacher
John McCrae John McCrae 1872 - 1918 Poet, Physician, Soldier
Kim Lefevre Kim Lefevre 1935 - 2021 Writer, Translator
Jerome-Adolphe Blanqui Jerome-Adolphe Blanqui 1798 - 1854 Economic historian and liberal economist
Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 1800 - 1831 Duchess consort of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Erik Satie Erik Satie 1866 - 1925 Composer and pianist
Joan of Arc Joan of Arc 1412 - 1431 Military leader and visionary
Marius Constant Marius Constant 1925 - 2004 Composer, Conductor
Jacques-Benigne Bossuet Jacques-Benigne Bossuet 1627 - 1704 Court preacher, theologian, orator
Georges Moustaki Georges Moustaki 1934 - 2013 Singer-songwriter
James Stuart James Stuart 1633 - 1701 King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1685
Margaret of Provence Margaret of Provence 1221 - 1295 Queen of France, wife of Louis IX
Felix of Valois Felix of Valois 1127 - 1212 Co-founder of the Trinitarian Order
Louis II, Cardinal of Guise Louis II, Cardinal of Guise 1555 - 1588 Cardinal and Archbishop of Reims
Geoffrey V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou Geoffrey V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou 1113 - 1151 Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy
Afonso Augusto da Costa Afonso Augusto da Costa 1871 - 1937 Prime Minister & leader of the Portuguese Republic
Aaron Jean-Marie Lustiger Aaron Jean-Marie Lustiger 1926 - 2007 Archbishop of Paris
Alexey Bogolyubov Alexey Bogolyubov 1824 - 1896 Painting landscapes and seascapes
Karl Bryullov Karl Bryullov 1799 - 1852 Painting portraits and historical scenes
Albert Camus Albert Camus 1913 - 1960 Existentialist philosopher and novelist
Naim Kattan Naim Kattan 1928 - 2021 Novelist, essayist and critic
Agop Terzan Agop Terzan 1927 - 2020 Discoverer of variable stars and globular clusters
John Vianney John Vianney 1786 - 1859 Parish priest and confessor
Maurice Allais Maurice Allais 1911 - 2010 Nobel laureate in economics
Montesquieu Montesquieu 1689 - 1755 Political philosopher and jurist
Mary of Guise Mary of Guise 1515 - 1560 Queen consort and regent of Scotland
Claude Monet Claude Monet 1840 - 1926 Founder of impressionist painting
Pablo Morillo y Morillo Pablo Morillo y Morillo 1775 - 1837 Spanish general and colonial administrator
Louis Bachelier Louis Bachelier 1870 - 1946 Mathematical economis
Jean Meslier Jean Meslier 1664 - 1729 Priest and author of a book
Empress Matilda Empress Matilda 1102 - 1167 Claimant to the English throne during the Anarchy
Jacques Davy Duperron Jacques Davy Duperron 1556 - 1618 Cardinal and diplomat
Konstantin Korovin Konstantin Korovin 1861 - 1939 Painter of landscapes, portraits
Henry Norwest Henry Norwest 1881 - 1918 Military Sniper
Fadwa Souleimane Fadwa Souleimane 1970 - 2017 Actress
Henri de Saint-Simon Henri de Saint-Simon 1760 - 1825 Social reformer and founder of Christian socialism
Marie Bonaparte Marie Bonaparte 1882 - 1962 Author and psychoanalyst
Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso 1881 - 1973
Oscar Wilde Oscar Wilde 1854 - 1900 Playwright
Louis XIII of France Louis XIII of France 1601 - 1643 King of France and Navarre
France Gall France Gall 1947 - 2018 Yé-yé singer and Eurovision winner
Mikhail Larionov Mikhail Larionov 1881 - 1964 Painter and stage designer
Vincent de Paul Vincent de Paul 1581 - 1660 Priest and founder of the Congregation of Mission
Georges Nomarski Georges Nomarski 1919 - 1997 Creator of differential interference microscopy
Jacques Hamel Jacques Hamel 1930 - 2016 Catholic priest
Maurice Chevalier Maurice Chevalier 1888 - 1972 French musical-comedy star and entertainer
Serge Gainsbourg Serge Gainsbourg 1928 - 1991 Singer-songwriter, actor, composer, and director
Bao Long Bao Long 1936 - 2007 Crown Prince
Eugenia Osterberger Eugenia Osterberger 1852 - 1932 Composer and pianist
Constantin Virgil Gheorghiu Constantin Virgil Gheorghiu 1916 - 1992 Writer
Maria d'Apparecida Maria d'Apparecida 1926 - 2017 Abstract painter
Michel de Certeau Michel de Certeau 1925 - 1986 Historian, cultural theorist, psychoanalyst
Charlemagne Charlemagne 747 - 814 Emperor of the Romans, King of the Franks
Mehmed Fuad Pasha Mehmed Fuad Pasha 1814 - 1869 Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
Adamantios Korais Adamantios Korais 1748 - 1833 Greek humanist scholar
Necla Hibetullah Sultan Necla Hibetullah Sultan 1926 - 2006 Ottoman and Egyptian royalty
Lilyan Chauvin Lilyan Chauvin 1925 - 2008 character actress, television host, director
Marlene Dietrich Marlene Dietrich 1901 - 1992 Movie star and cabaret performer
Mark Antokolski Mark Antokolski 1843 - 1902 Cityscapes and landscapes
Riad al-Turk Riad al-Turk 1930 - 2024 Syrian opposition leader
Suger of France Suger of France 1081 - 1151 Abbot of Saint-Denis, adviser
Charles de Gaulle Charles de Gaulle 1890 - 1970 President of France
Dodi Fayed Dodi Fayed 1955 - 1997 Film producer
Raoul Coutard Raoul Coutard 1924 - 2016 Cinematographer for French New Wave directors
Hugh Capet Hugh Capet 940 - 996 King of France, founder of Capetian dynasty
Iannis Xenakis Iannis Xenakis 1922 - 2001 Composer
Petru Dumitriu Petru Dumitriu 1924 - 2002 Novelist
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Top 10 Died Influential People

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  • 1. Coco Chanel

    Died: 1971 A.D
    Slogan: A girl should be two things: classy and fabulous.

    Coco Chanel was a French fashion designer and businesswoman who revolutionized the style and aesthetics of women's clothing in the 20th century. She was born in a poorhouse in Saumur, France, and raised by nuns after her mother's death. She learned to sew at a young age and started her career as a milliner. She opened her first shop in Paris in 1910, selling hats and later expanding to clothing. She introduced simple, elegant, and comfortable designs that contrasted with the corseted and elaborate fashion of the time. She popularized the use of jersey fabric, tweed, and black color in women's clothing. She also created iconic accessories such as the quilted purse, costume jewelry, and the interlocked-CC monogram. She launched her first perfume, Chanel No. 5, in 1921, which became one of the most famous fragrances in the world. She also designed costumes for theater and cinema, collaborating with artists such as Pablo Picasso, Igor Stravinsky, and Jean Cocteau. She closed her fashion house during World War II and faced controversy for her involvement with a German officer. She returned to fashion in 1954, at the age of 71, and continued to create influential collections until her death in 1971. She is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in fashion history and a symbol of modern, liberated, and independent womanhood.

  • 2. Napoleon Bonaparte

    Died: 1821 A.D
    Slogan:

  • 3. Victor Hugo

    Died: 1885 A.D
    Slogan: To love beauty is to see light.

    Victor Hugo was a renowned poet, novelist and playwright of the Romantic Movement in 19th century France. He is considered by many as one of the greatest and best-known French authors of all times. He was also a political statesman and human rights activist, although he is primarily remembered for his literary creations like poetry and novels. Hugo was born on 26 February 1802 in Besançon in Eastern France. His father was a general in Napoléon’s army, and much of his childhood was therefore spent amid the backdrop of Napoléon’s campaigns in Spain and in Italy. At the age of eleven, Hugo returned to live with his mother in Paris, where he became infatuated with books and literature. Hugo began his literary career as a poet, publishing his first collection of poems, Odes et poésies diverses, in 1822. He soon became a leader of the Romantic movement with his play Cromwell (1827) and drama Hernani (1830), which challenged the classical rules of theatre. He also wrote several novels that explored social issues and human passions, such as Notre-Dame de Paris (1831), also known as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, and Les Misérables (1862), which is considered one of the greatest novels of all time. Hugo was also involved in politics, serving as a deputy and a senator in the French parliament. He was a staunch supporter of republicanism and democracy, and opposed the monarchy and the dictatorship of Napoléon III. He was exiled from France from 1851 to 1870, living in Brussels, Jersey, and Guernsey. During his exile, he wrote some of his most famous works, such as Les Contemplations (1856), La Légende des siècles (1859), and Les Châtiments (1853), a collection of poems denouncing Napoléon III. Hugo returned to France in 1870 after the fall of the Second Empire. He continued to write and publish until his death on 22 May 1885. He was given a state funeral in the Panthéon of Paris, which was attended by over two million people. He is regarded as a national hero and a symbol of French culture.

  • 4. Louis XIV

    Died: 1715 A.D
    Slogan: Every time I appoint someone to a vacant position, I make a hundred unhappy and one ungrateful

    Louis XIV was born on 5 September 1638 at St Germain-en-Laye. He became king at the age of four on the death of his father, Louis XIII. His mother, Anne of Austria, and his chief minister, Cardinal Mazarin, ruled on his behalf until he came of age in 1661. He declared that he would rule as an absolute monarch, with the famous phrase "L'état, c'est moi" ("I am the state"). He consolidated his power by building a magnificent palace at Versailles, where he moved his court and government in 1682. He patronized the arts and culture, and employed famous artists such as Molière, Racine, Lully, Le Brun, and Le Nôtre. He also reformed the legal system with the Code Louis, which unified the laws of France and served as a model for other countries. He also expanded France's territory through a series of wars, such as the War of Devolution, the Franco-Dutch War, the War of the League of Augsburg, and the War of the Spanish Succession. He secured the Spanish throne for his grandson Philip V in 1714. However, his wars also drained France's resources and provoked resentment from other European powers. He also faced domestic opposition from the Huguenots (French Protestants), whom he persecuted and deprived of their rights with the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. He died on 1 September 1715, after a reign of 72 years, the longest in European history. He was succeeded by his great-grandson Louis XV.

  • 5. Charlemagne

    Died: 814 A.D
    Slogan: To have another language is to possess a second soul

    Charlemagne was a medieval ruler who unified most of Western Europe under his rule. He was the son of Pepin the Short, who was the first Carolingian king of the Franks. He inherited half of his father's kingdom in 768 and became sole ruler after his brother Carloman's death in 771. He expanded his domain by conquering the Lombards in Italy, the Saxons in Germany, the Avars in Hungary, and other peoples in Spain and Central Europe. He also defended his lands from the attacks of the Muslims, Slavs, Danes, and Magyars. He was a devout Christian who supported the church and promoted education and culture. He reformed the administration, law, coinage, and military of his empire. He also fostered a revival of art, architecture, literature, and learning known as the Carolingian Renaissance. In 800, he was crowned as the emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III in Rome. This act restored the concept of a unified Christian empire in Western Europe and established Charlemagne as the successor of the ancient Roman emperors. He was also recognized as the protector of the papacy and the leader of Christendom. His empire became known as the Holy Roman Empire after his death. Charlemagne died in 814 after a reign of 46 years. He was buried in his palace chapel in Aachen. He was succeeded by his son Louis the Pious, who divided the empire among his three sons in 843. Charlemagne's legacy was immense and lasting. He is regarded as one of the greatest rulers in history and as the father of Europe. He was canonized by some medieval popes and is venerated as a saint by some Christian churches. He is also a national hero and a cultural icon in many European countries.

  • 6. Charles de Gaulle

    Died: 1970 A.D
    Slogan: France has lost a battle! But France has not lost the war!

    Charles de Gaulle was a French soldier, writer, statesman, and architect of France’s Fifth Republic. He was born in Lille on 22 November 1890 and grew up in Paris, where his father was a teacher. He graduated from the military academy of Saint-Cyr in 1912 and served in World War I, where he was wounded and captured by the Germans. He escaped several times but was recaptured each time. After the war, he pursued a career in the army and became an expert on tank warfare. He also wrote several books on military strategy and history. In 1940, after the fall of France to Nazi Germany, he fled to London and broadcast a famous speech on the BBC, calling on the French people to resist the occupation and join him in exile. He formed the Free French Forces, which fought alongside the Allies in Africa, Europe, and Asia. He also established a provisional government in Algiers, which later moved to Paris after the liberation of France in 1944. He became the head of the provisional government until 1946, when he resigned over constitutional disagreements. He returned to politics in 1958, when France faced a crisis over the Algerian War. He was elected as the president of the newly created Fifth Republic, which gave him extensive powers. He granted independence to Algeria and other French colonies, pursued an independent foreign policy that distanced France from NATO and the United States, and developed France’s nuclear deterrent. He also initiated a series of social and economic reforms, such as the introduction of a new franc, the expansion of social security, and the promotion of regional development. He faced several challenges during his presidency, such as the student protests and workers’ strikes of May 1968, the assassination attempts by the OAS (a militant group opposed to Algerian independence), and the growing opposition from his former allies. He resigned in 1969 after losing a referendum on constitutional reform. He retired to his country home in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises, where he died on 9 November 1970 from an aneurysm. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in French history and a symbol of national unity and resistance. His political ideology, known as Gaullism, has influenced many French politicians across the political spectrum. He is also celebrated for his role in World War II and his vision of a united Europe. He is buried in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises, alongside his wife and daughter Anne, who had Down syndrome. His other two children, Philippe and Élisabeth, became prominent figures in French politics and culture.

  • 7. Claude Monet

    Died: 1926 A.D
    Slogan: Color is my day-long obsession, joy and torment.

    Claude Monet was a French painter who initiated, led, and unswervingly advocated for the Impressionist style. He is best known for his series of paintings of the same motif in different lights and seasons, such as haystacks, Rouen Cathedral, and water lilies. He was inspired by nature and sought to capture its beauty and essence with his brushstrokes. He was also influenced by Japanese art and culture, which he collected and displayed in his home in Giverny. He created a large garden there, where he planted various flowers and built a water-lily pond with a Japanese bridge. He painted many scenes of his garden, especially the water lilies, which became his signature subject. He experimented with color and light, creating vibrant and luminous paintings that expressed his impressions of the moment. He was a prolific and influential artist who paved the way for modernism and abstract art. He had many friends and admirers among his fellow artists, such as Renoir, Pissarro, Cézanne, Degas, and Sisley. He also received support from patrons like Gustave Caillebotte, Ernest Hoschedé, Georges Clemenceau, and Sergei Shchukin. He faced some financial difficulties and health problems in his life, but he never gave up his passion for painting. He died of lung cancer at the age of 86 and was buried in his beloved garden in Giverny.

  • 8. Joan of Arc

    Died: 1431 A.D
    Slogan: I am not afraid... I was born to do this.

    Joan of Arc was a peasant girl who believed that she had visions from God instructing her to help Charles VII of France to reclaim his throne from the English during the Hundred Years' War. She convinced Charles to let her lead a French army to the besieged city of Orléans, where she achieved a remarkable victory in 1429. She then escorted Charles to Reims, where he was crowned as the King of France. Joan continued to fight in several battles, but was captured by the Burgundians, allies of the English, in 1430. She was handed over to the English and put on trial for heresy and witchcraft by Bishop Pierre Cauchon. She was accused of blasphemy, cross-dressing, and acting on demonic visions. She was found guilty and burned at the stake on 30 May 1431, at the age of about 19. In 1456, a posthumous retrial declared her innocent and a martyr. She was canonized as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church in 1920. Joan of Arc is regarded as a national heroine of France and a symbol of courage, faith, and patriotism.

  • 9. Clovis I

    Died: 511 A.D
    Slogan: The Franks have one God and him will we serve

    Clovis I was the first king of the Franks to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler, changing the form of leadership from a group of petty kings to rule by a single king and ensuring that the kingship was passed down to his heirs. He is considered to have been the founder of the Merovingian dynasty, which ruled the Frankish kingdom for the next two centuries. Clovis is important in the historiography of France as "the first king of what would become France". He succeeded his father, Childeric I, as a king of Salian Franks in 481, and eventually came to rule an area extending from what is now the southern Netherlands to northern France, corresponding in Roman terms to Gallia Belgica (northern Gaul). At the Battle of Soissons (486) he established his military dominance of the rump state of the fragmenting Western Roman Empire which was then under the command of Syagrius. By the time of his death in either 511 or 513, Clovis had conquered several smaller Frankish kingdoms in the northeast of Gaul including some northern parts of what is now France. Clovis also conquered the Alemanni tribes in eastern Gaul, and the Visigothic kingdom of Aquitania in the southwest. These campaigns added significantly to Clovis's domains, and established his dynasty as a major political and military presence in western Europe. Clovis is also significant because of his conversion to Nicene Christianity in 496, largely at the behest of his wife, Clotilde, who would later be venerated as a saint for this act, celebrated today in both the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church. Clovis was baptized on Christmas Day in 508. The adoption by Clovis of Nicene Christianity (as opposed to the Arianism of most other Germanic tribes) led to widespread conversion among the Frankish peoples; to religious unification across what is now modern-day France, the Low Countries and Germany; three centuries later, to Charlemagne's alliance with the Bishop of Rome; and in the middle of the 10th century under Otto I the Great, to the consequent birth of the early Holy Roman Empire.

  • 10. Honore de Balzac

    Died: 1850 A.D
    Slogan: Behind every great fortune there is a crime

    Honoré de Balzac was a French literary artist who produced a vast number of novels and short stories collectively called La Comédie humaine (The Human Comedy). He helped to establish the traditional form of the novel and is generally considered to be one of the greatest novelists of all time. Balzac’s works offer a panorama of post-Napoleonic French life, especially the upper and middle classes. His realistic characters are complex, morally ambiguous and fully human. His writing influenced many famous writers, such as Charles Dickens, Marcel Proust, Gustave Flaubert, and Henry James. Balzac was born in Tours, France, in 1799. He was the second son of Bernard-François Balssa, a former peasant who became a civil servant, and Anne-Charlotte-Laure Sallambier, who came from a family of Parisian cloth merchants. Balzac had a troubled relationship with his parents, who sent him away to boarding school at an early age. He later studied law in Paris, but soon abandoned it to pursue a literary career. He wrote under various pseudonyms and experimented with different genres, such as drama, journalism, and criticism. He also tried to be a publisher, printer, businessman, and politician, but failed in all these endeavors. Balzac’s breakthrough came in 1831 with the publication of La Peau de chagrin (The Wild Ass's Skin), a novel that combined realism and fantasy. He then began to work on a series of interconnected novels that would form La Comédie humaine, which he divided into three sections: Etudes de moeurs (Studies of Manners), Etudes analytiques (Analytical Studies), and Etudes philosophiques (Philosophical Studies). Some of his most famous novels include Eugénie Grandet (1833), Le Père Goriot (1835), Illusions perdues (Lost Illusions, 1837–1843), and La Cousine Bette (Cousin Bette, 1846). Balzac’s novels depict the social, economic, political, and cultural changes that occurred in France after the French Revolution and the rise of capitalism. He explored themes such as ambition, greed, love, marriage, family, class, money, power, corruption, crime, and justice. He also created memorable characters from all walks of life, such as Rastignac, Vautrin, Goriot, Grandet, Bette, Nucingen, Rubempré, and many others. Balzac’s personal life was also full of drama and romance. He had many affairs with women of different social backgrounds and statuses. He was engaged to Madame de Berny, a married woman who was 22 years older than him. He also had a long-distance relationship with Ewelina Hańska (née Contessa Rzewuska), a Polish aristocrat who was married to a Russian count. They exchanged hundreds of letters over 15 years before they finally met in person in 1833. They married in March 1850 in Berdychiv (now Ukraine), after the death of Ewelina’s husband. Balzac suffered from health problems throughout his life due to his intense writing schedule and lifestyle. He often worked for 15 hours a day without rest or sleep. He consumed large amounts of coffee and other stimulants to keep himself awake and productive. He also spent lavishly on clothes, furniture, art, and books. He accumulated huge debts that he struggled to pay off. He died in Paris on August 18th 1850 at the age of 51 from heart failure. He was buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery, where his tombstone bears the inscription: He was a giant

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