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Felix of Valois Felix of Valois 1127 - 1212 Co-founder of the Trinitarian Order
Maurice Chevalier Maurice Chevalier 1888 - 1972 French musical-comedy star and entertainer
Hugues Felicite Robert de Lamennais Hugues Felicite Robert de Lamennais 1782 - 1854 Catholic priest, philosopher
Sacha Distel Sacha Distel 1933 - 2004 Singer, guitarist, songwriter and actor
Gregory XI Gregory XI 1329 - 1378 Pope and cardinal
Mai Trung Thu Mai Trung Thu 1906 - 1980 Painter
Pavel Milyukov Pavel Milyukov 1859 - 1943 Historian and foreign minister
Edith Piaf Edith Piaf 1915 - 1963 Singer and actress
Edme Mariotte Edme Mariotte 1620 - 1684 Experimental physics, pressure law
Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate 1652 - 1722 Correspondent and memoirist
Andre Truong Trong Thi Andre Truong Trong Thi 1936 - 2005 Computer Engineer
Francois Fenelon Francois Fenelon 1651 - 1715 Archbishop of Cambrai, author of The Adventures
Ivan Bilibin Ivan Bilibin 1876 - 1942 Illustrations of Russian fairy tales
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim 1486 - 1535 Occult writer, theologian, physician
Marcel Lefebvre Marcel Lefebvre 1905 - 1991 Catholic archbishop
Felix Dupanloup Felix Dupanloup 1802 - 1878 Bishop of Orléans, leader of Liberal Catholicism
Bernardino Pinera Carvallo Bernardino Pinera Carvallo 1915 - 2020 Bishop of Temuco and Archbishop of La Serena
Charlemagne Charlemagne 747 - 814 Emperor of the Romans and King of the Franks
Georges Brassens Georges Brassens 1921 - 1981 Singer-songwriter and poet
Salah al-Din Bitar Salah al-Din Bitar 1912 - 1980 Politician
Josephine Baker Josephine Baker 1906 - 1975 Music-hall entertainer and French Resistance agent
Sania Saleh Sania Saleh 1935 - 1985 Poet and writer
Claude Debussy Claude Debussy 1862 - 1918 Author of The Little Prince
Pierre Joseph Georges Pigneau Pierre Joseph Georges Pigneau 1741 - 1799 Catholic priest and bishop of Adran
Adamantios Korais Adamantios Korais 1748 - 1833 Greek humanist scholar
Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 1800 - 1831 Duchess consort of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Segundo de Chomon Segundo de Chomon 1871 - 1929 Film director, cinematographer, screenwriter
Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal 1623 - 1662 Mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher
Bulat Okudzhava Bulat Okudzhava 1924 - 1997 Author song singer-songwriter
Savitri Devi Savitri Devi 1905 - 1982 Proponent of Nazism and Hinduism
Paul Gauguin Paul Gauguin 1848 - 1903 Painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramist, writer
Marie Laforet Marie Laforet 1939 - 2019 Singer and actress
Paul Celan Paul Celan 1920 - 1970 Poet
Celine Arnauld Celine Arnauld 1885 - 1952 Poet
Dom Joseph Pothier Dom Joseph Pothier 1835 - 1923 Liturgist and musicologist
Maximilien Robespierre Maximilien Robespierre 1758 - 1794 Leader of the French Revolution and the Reign
Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila 1787 - 1853 Founder of toxicology
Yves Congar Yves Congar 1904 - 1995 Theologian and cardinal
Philippe de Vitry Philippe de Vitry 1291 - 1361 Musician and bishop
Aktham Naisse Aktham Naisse 1951 - 2022 Human rights defender
Peter Wooldridge Townsend Peter Wooldridge Townsend 1914 - 1995 RAF officer and courtier
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand Charles Maurice de Talleyrand 1754 - 1838 French secularized clergyman, statesman
Alexei Harlamov Alexei Harlamov 1840 - 1925 Painter of portraits, genre scenes
Gregory of Tours Gregory of Tours 538 - 594 Historian and Bishop of Tours
Victor Hugo Victor Hugo 1802 - 1885 Romantic writer and politician
Ahmet Zogu Ahmet Zogu 1895 - 1961 First King of Albania (1928-1939)
Konstantin Pobedonostsev Konstantin Pobedonostsev 1827 - 1907 Adviser to Alexander II, Alexander III
Peter Chanel Peter Chanel 1803 - 1841 Catholic priest, missionary, and martyr
George V of Hanover George V of Hanover 1819 - 1878 King of Hanover
Jerome-Adolphe Blanqui Jerome-Adolphe Blanqui 1798 - 1854 Economic historian and liberal economist
Natalia Goncharova Natalia Goncharova 1881 - 1962 Painter and designer
Vincent de Paul Vincent de Paul 1581 - 1660 Priest and founder of the Congregation of Mission
Lasgush Poradeci Lasgush Poradeci 1899 - 1987 Poet and author
Frederic Passy Frederic Passy 1822 - 1912 Economist and advocate of international
Nicolae Titulescu Nicolae Titulescu 1882 - 1941 Diplomat
Isabella of France Isabella of France 1295 - 1358 Queen consort of England and regent of England
Charles-Michel de l'Epee Charles-Michel de l'Epee 1712 - 1789 Founder of the first public school for the deaf
Francis de Sales Francis de Sales 1567 - 1622 Bishop of Geneva and Doctor of the Church
Pierre Guerin de Tencin Pierre Guerin de Tencin 1679 - 1758 Cardinal, archbishop of Lyon, and anti-Jansenist
Georges Guetary Georges Guetary 1915 - 1997 Singer, dancer, cabaret performer and film actor
Jules Chevalier Jules Chevalier 1824 - 1907 Founder of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart
Marie Bell Marie Bell 1900 - 1985 Tragedian, comic actor, stage director
Frederic Chopin Frederic Chopin 1810 - 1849 Romantic composer and virtuoso pianist
Nemir Kirdar Nemir Kirdar 1936 - 2020 Founder and CEO of Investcorp
Aziz Sedky Aziz Sedky 1920 - 2008 Prime Minister of Egypt
Paul Cezanne Paul Cezanne 1839 - 1906 Post-Impressionist painter
Niccolo Paganini Niccolo Paganini 1782 - 1840 Violinist
Barbu Dimitrie Stirbei Barbu Dimitrie Stirbei 1799 - 1869 Prince
Elisabeth of Romania Elisabeth of Romania 1894 - 1956 Queen Consort
Jean de Labadie Jean de Labadie 1610 - 1674 Founder of the Labadists
John XXII John XXII 1244 - 1334 Pope and theologian
Alexandre Benois Alexandre Benois 1870 - 1960 Art critic and historian
Karl Brandt Karl Brandt 1904 - 1948 Personal physician of Adolf Hitler
Jacques Davy Duperron Jacques Davy Duperron 1556 - 1618 Cardinal and diplomat
Isabel Cristina Leopoldina Augusta Micaela Isabel Cristina Leopoldina Augusta Micaela 1846 - 1921 Heiress and regent of the Empire of Brazil
John Baptist de La Salle John Baptist de La Salle 1651 - 1719 Founder of the Institute of Brothers of Christian
Yilmaz Guney Yilmaz Guney 1937 - 1984 Film director, screenwriter, novelist, and actor
Coco Chanel Coco Chanel 1883 - 1971 Fashion designer and founder of Chanel brand
Rene-Just Hauy Rene-Just Hauy 1743 - 1822 mineralogist and crystallographer
Anthony Bourdain Anthony Bourdain 1956 - 2018 American chef and presenter
Sergei Lednev Schukin Sergei Lednev Schukin 1875 - 1961 Painter and stage designer
Gherasim Luca Gherasim Luca 1913 - 1994 Surrealist Poet
Joan of Arc Joan of Arc 1412 - 1431 Military leader and visionary
Jean de Brebeuf Jean de Brebeuf 1593 - 1649 Jesuit priest and missionary to the Huron people
France Gall France Gall 1947 - 2018 Yé-yé singer and Eurovision winner
Lily Pons Lily Pons 1898 - 1976 Opera singer and actress
Gheorghe Bibescu Gheorghe Bibescu 1804 - 1873 Prince
Bao Dai Bao Dai 1913 - 1997 Emperor
Henri de Lubac Henri de Lubac 1896 - 1991 Theologian and priest
Julia Kavanagh Julia Kavanagh 1824 - 1877 Novelist and biographer
Vilfredo Pareto Vilfredo Pareto 1848 - 1923 Economist and sociologist
Louis Rene Edouard de Rohan Louis Rene Edouard de Rohan 1734 - 1803 Bishop of Strasbourg, Grand Almoner of France
Jacques-Paul Migne Jacques-Paul Migne 1800 - 1875 Publisher of Patrologia Latina
Elvira Popescu Elvira Popescu 1894 - 1993 Actress
Nikolai Bogdanov Belsky Nikolai Bogdanov Belsky 1870 - 1960 Art critic and historian
Diana Princess of Wales Diana Princess of Wales 1961 - 1997
Hugh Capet Hugh Capet 940 - 996 King of France, founder of Capetian dynasty
Germanus of Auxerre Germanus of Auxerre 378 - 445 Bishop of Autissiodorum and defender of orthodoxy
Jacques Damala Jacques Damala 1855 - 1889 Actor and husband of Sarah Bernhardt
Sergiu Celibidache Sergiu Celibidache 1912 - 1996 Conductor
Rudolf Diesel Rudolf Diesel 1858 - 1913 Inventing the diesel engine
Louis Malle Louis Malle 1932 - 1995 Film director, screenwriter, producer
Alberto Cavalcanti Alberto Cavalcanti 1897 - 1982 Film director and producer
George Enescu George Enescu 1881 - 1955 Composer
Jacques-Benigne Bossuet Jacques-Benigne Bossuet 1627 - 1704 Court preacher, theologian, orator
Juliette Greco Juliette Greco 1927 - 2020 chanson singer and muse of existentialism
Charles Trenet Charles Trenet 1913 - 2001 Singer and songwriter
Stephane Lupasco Stephane Lupasco 1900 - 1988 Philosopher
Robert Palmer Robert Palmer 1949 - 2003 Singer, songwriter, record producer
Osmund of Salisbury Osmund of Salisbury 1030 - 1099 Bishop of Salisbury and Lord Chancellor of England
Charles de Gaulle Charles de Gaulle 1890 - 1970 President of France
Prosper Gueranger Prosper Gueranger 1805 - 1875 Benedictine abbot and liturgist
Mary of Guise Mary of Guise 1515 - 1560 Queen consort and regent of Scotland
Jean Orry Jean Orry 1652 - 1719 Controller-General of Finances in Spain
Albert Camus Albert Camus 1913 - 1960 Existentialist philosopher and novelist
Marius Constant Marius Constant 1925 - 2004 Composer, Conductor
Marie Therese Charlotte of France Marie Therese Charlotte of France 1778 - 1851 Daughter of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
Gerard Debreu Gerard Debreu 1921 - 2004 Nobel laureate in economics
Jules Gabriel Verne Jules Gabriel Verne 1828 - 1905 Writer of science fiction and adventure novels
Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert 1646 - 1714 Economic and fiscal reformer
Jean-Baptiste Say Jean-Baptiste Say 1767 - 1832 Political economy, Say's law, entrepreneurship
Louis XV of France Louis XV of France 1710 - 1774 King of France and Navarre
Joseph Marie Terray Joseph Marie Terray 1715 - 1778 Controller-General of Finances
Honore de Balzac Honore de Balzac 1799 - 1850 Novelist and playwright
Kieron Moore Kieron Moore 1924 - 2007 Film and television actor
Richard Anthony Richard Anthony 1938 - 2015 French pop singer
Marie Salome Skudofska Curie Marie Salome Skudofska Curie 1867 - 1934 Physicist chemist
Louis Cappel Louis Cappel 1585 - 1658 Protestant churchman and scholar
Charles William Joseph Emile Le Gendre Charles William Joseph Emile Le Gendre 1830 - 1899 Army officer and diplomat
Pierre Claude Francois Daunou Pierre Claude Francois Daunou 1761 - 1840 French statesman and historian
Enrique Granados Enrique Granados 1876 - 1916 Composer, pianist, conductor
Mehmed Fuad Pasha Mehmed Fuad Pasha 1814 - 1869 Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
Charles de Foucauld Charles de Foucauld 1858 - 1916 Catholic priest
Louis XVI of France Louis XVI of France 1754 - 1793 King of France and Navarre, King of the French
Peter the Hermit Peter the Hermit 1050 - 1115 Crusader and preacher
Gilbert Becaud Gilbert Becaud 1927 - 2001 Singer, composer, pianist and actor
Olivia de Havilland Olivia de Havilland 1916 - 2020 Actress of Hollywood’s Golden Age
Riad al-Turk Riad al-Turk 1930 - 2024 Syrian opposition leader
Vu Cao Dam Vu Cao Dam 1908 - 2000 Painter, Sculptor
John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill 1806 - 1873 Utilitarianism, liberalism, political economy
Nicolas Malebranche Nicolas Malebranche 1638 - 1715 Rationalist philosopher and theologian
Jacques Roux Jacques Roux 1752 - 1794 Radical priest and leader
Antoine Lavoisier Antoine Lavoisier 1743 - 1794 Chemist, biologist, economist
Marie Bonaparte Marie Bonaparte 1882 - 1962 Author and psychoanalyst
Alfred Dreyfus Alfred Dreyfus 1929 - 1978 Singer and actor
Leon Dehon Leon Dehon 1843 - 1925 Founder of the Congregation of the Sacred Heart
Ulfat Idlibi Ulfat Idlibi 1912 - 2007 Novelist
Henri de Saint-Simon Henri de Saint-Simon 1760 - 1825 Social reformer and founder of Christian socialism
Hugh of Saint-Cher Hugh of Saint-Cher 1200 - 1263 Cardinal and biblical commentator
Daniel Carasso Daniel Carasso 1905 - 2009 Founder of Danone and Dannon
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Top 10 Died Influential People

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  • 1. Coco Chanel

    Died: 1971 A.D
    Slogan: A girl should be two things: classy and fabulous.

    Coco Chanel was a French fashion designer and businesswoman who revolutionized the style and aesthetics of women's clothing in the 20th century. She was born in a poorhouse in Saumur, France, and raised by nuns after her mother's death. She learned to sew at a young age and started her career as a milliner. She opened her first shop in Paris in 1910, selling hats and later expanding to clothing. She introduced simple, elegant, and comfortable designs that contrasted with the corseted and elaborate fashion of the time. She popularized the use of jersey fabric, tweed, and black color in women's clothing. She also created iconic accessories such as the quilted purse, costume jewelry, and the interlocked-CC monogram. She launched her first perfume, Chanel No. 5, in 1921, which became one of the most famous fragrances in the world. She also designed costumes for theater and cinema, collaborating with artists such as Pablo Picasso, Igor Stravinsky, and Jean Cocteau. She closed her fashion house during World War II and faced controversy for her involvement with a German officer. She returned to fashion in 1954, at the age of 71, and continued to create influential collections until her death in 1971. She is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in fashion history and a symbol of modern, liberated, and independent womanhood.

  • 2. Napoleon Bonaparte

    Died: 1821 A.D
    Slogan:

  • 3. Victor Hugo

    Died: 1885 A.D
    Slogan: To love beauty is to see light.

    Victor Hugo was a renowned poet, novelist and playwright of the Romantic Movement in 19th century France. He is considered by many as one of the greatest and best-known French authors of all times. He was also a political statesman and human rights activist, although he is primarily remembered for his literary creations like poetry and novels. Hugo was born on 26 February 1802 in Besançon in Eastern France. His father was a general in Napoléon’s army, and much of his childhood was therefore spent amid the backdrop of Napoléon’s campaigns in Spain and in Italy. At the age of eleven, Hugo returned to live with his mother in Paris, where he became infatuated with books and literature. Hugo began his literary career as a poet, publishing his first collection of poems, Odes et poésies diverses, in 1822. He soon became a leader of the Romantic movement with his play Cromwell (1827) and drama Hernani (1830), which challenged the classical rules of theatre. He also wrote several novels that explored social issues and human passions, such as Notre-Dame de Paris (1831), also known as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, and Les Misérables (1862), which is considered one of the greatest novels of all time. Hugo was also involved in politics, serving as a deputy and a senator in the French parliament. He was a staunch supporter of republicanism and democracy, and opposed the monarchy and the dictatorship of Napoléon III. He was exiled from France from 1851 to 1870, living in Brussels, Jersey, and Guernsey. During his exile, he wrote some of his most famous works, such as Les Contemplations (1856), La Légende des siècles (1859), and Les Châtiments (1853), a collection of poems denouncing Napoléon III. Hugo returned to France in 1870 after the fall of the Second Empire. He continued to write and publish until his death on 22 May 1885. He was given a state funeral in the Panthéon of Paris, which was attended by over two million people. He is regarded as a national hero and a symbol of French culture.

  • 4. Louis XIV

    Died: 1715 A.D
    Slogan: Every time I appoint someone to a vacant position, I make a hundred unhappy and one ungrateful

    Louis XIV was born on 5 September 1638 at St Germain-en-Laye. He became king at the age of four on the death of his father, Louis XIII. His mother, Anne of Austria, and his chief minister, Cardinal Mazarin, ruled on his behalf until he came of age in 1661. He declared that he would rule as an absolute monarch, with the famous phrase "L'état, c'est moi" ("I am the state"). He consolidated his power by building a magnificent palace at Versailles, where he moved his court and government in 1682. He patronized the arts and culture, and employed famous artists such as Molière, Racine, Lully, Le Brun, and Le Nôtre. He also reformed the legal system with the Code Louis, which unified the laws of France and served as a model for other countries. He also expanded France's territory through a series of wars, such as the War of Devolution, the Franco-Dutch War, the War of the League of Augsburg, and the War of the Spanish Succession. He secured the Spanish throne for his grandson Philip V in 1714. However, his wars also drained France's resources and provoked resentment from other European powers. He also faced domestic opposition from the Huguenots (French Protestants), whom he persecuted and deprived of their rights with the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. He died on 1 September 1715, after a reign of 72 years, the longest in European history. He was succeeded by his great-grandson Louis XV.

  • 5. Charlemagne

    Died: 814 A.D
    Slogan: To have another language is to possess a second soul

    Charlemagne was a medieval ruler who unified most of Western Europe under his rule. He was the son of Pepin the Short, who was the first Carolingian king of the Franks. He inherited half of his father's kingdom in 768 and became sole ruler after his brother Carloman's death in 771. He expanded his domain by conquering the Lombards in Italy, the Saxons in Germany, the Avars in Hungary, and other peoples in Spain and Central Europe. He also defended his lands from the attacks of the Muslims, Slavs, Danes, and Magyars. He was a devout Christian who supported the church and promoted education and culture. He reformed the administration, law, coinage, and military of his empire. He also fostered a revival of art, architecture, literature, and learning known as the Carolingian Renaissance. In 800, he was crowned as the emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III in Rome. This act restored the concept of a unified Christian empire in Western Europe and established Charlemagne as the successor of the ancient Roman emperors. He was also recognized as the protector of the papacy and the leader of Christendom. His empire became known as the Holy Roman Empire after his death. Charlemagne died in 814 after a reign of 46 years. He was buried in his palace chapel in Aachen. He was succeeded by his son Louis the Pious, who divided the empire among his three sons in 843. Charlemagne's legacy was immense and lasting. He is regarded as one of the greatest rulers in history and as the father of Europe. He was canonized by some medieval popes and is venerated as a saint by some Christian churches. He is also a national hero and a cultural icon in many European countries.

  • 6. Charles de Gaulle

    Died: 1970 A.D
    Slogan: France has lost a battle! But France has not lost the war!

    Charles de Gaulle was a French soldier, writer, statesman, and architect of France’s Fifth Republic. He was born in Lille on 22 November 1890 and grew up in Paris, where his father was a teacher. He graduated from the military academy of Saint-Cyr in 1912 and served in World War I, where he was wounded and captured by the Germans. He escaped several times but was recaptured each time. After the war, he pursued a career in the army and became an expert on tank warfare. He also wrote several books on military strategy and history. In 1940, after the fall of France to Nazi Germany, he fled to London and broadcast a famous speech on the BBC, calling on the French people to resist the occupation and join him in exile. He formed the Free French Forces, which fought alongside the Allies in Africa, Europe, and Asia. He also established a provisional government in Algiers, which later moved to Paris after the liberation of France in 1944. He became the head of the provisional government until 1946, when he resigned over constitutional disagreements. He returned to politics in 1958, when France faced a crisis over the Algerian War. He was elected as the president of the newly created Fifth Republic, which gave him extensive powers. He granted independence to Algeria and other French colonies, pursued an independent foreign policy that distanced France from NATO and the United States, and developed France’s nuclear deterrent. He also initiated a series of social and economic reforms, such as the introduction of a new franc, the expansion of social security, and the promotion of regional development. He faced several challenges during his presidency, such as the student protests and workers’ strikes of May 1968, the assassination attempts by the OAS (a militant group opposed to Algerian independence), and the growing opposition from his former allies. He resigned in 1969 after losing a referendum on constitutional reform. He retired to his country home in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises, where he died on 9 November 1970 from an aneurysm. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in French history and a symbol of national unity and resistance. His political ideology, known as Gaullism, has influenced many French politicians across the political spectrum. He is also celebrated for his role in World War II and his vision of a united Europe. He is buried in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises, alongside his wife and daughter Anne, who had Down syndrome. His other two children, Philippe and Élisabeth, became prominent figures in French politics and culture.

  • 7. Claude Monet

    Died: 1926 A.D
    Slogan: Color is my day-long obsession, joy and torment.

    Claude Monet was a French painter who initiated, led, and unswervingly advocated for the Impressionist style. He is best known for his series of paintings of the same motif in different lights and seasons, such as haystacks, Rouen Cathedral, and water lilies. He was inspired by nature and sought to capture its beauty and essence with his brushstrokes. He was also influenced by Japanese art and culture, which he collected and displayed in his home in Giverny. He created a large garden there, where he planted various flowers and built a water-lily pond with a Japanese bridge. He painted many scenes of his garden, especially the water lilies, which became his signature subject. He experimented with color and light, creating vibrant and luminous paintings that expressed his impressions of the moment. He was a prolific and influential artist who paved the way for modernism and abstract art. He had many friends and admirers among his fellow artists, such as Renoir, Pissarro, Cézanne, Degas, and Sisley. He also received support from patrons like Gustave Caillebotte, Ernest Hoschedé, Georges Clemenceau, and Sergei Shchukin. He faced some financial difficulties and health problems in his life, but he never gave up his passion for painting. He died of lung cancer at the age of 86 and was buried in his beloved garden in Giverny.

  • 8. Joan of Arc

    Died: 1431 A.D
    Slogan: I am not afraid... I was born to do this.

    Joan of Arc was a peasant girl who believed that she had visions from God instructing her to help Charles VII of France to reclaim his throne from the English during the Hundred Years' War. She convinced Charles to let her lead a French army to the besieged city of Orléans, where she achieved a remarkable victory in 1429. She then escorted Charles to Reims, where he was crowned as the King of France. Joan continued to fight in several battles, but was captured by the Burgundians, allies of the English, in 1430. She was handed over to the English and put on trial for heresy and witchcraft by Bishop Pierre Cauchon. She was accused of blasphemy, cross-dressing, and acting on demonic visions. She was found guilty and burned at the stake on 30 May 1431, at the age of about 19. In 1456, a posthumous retrial declared her innocent and a martyr. She was canonized as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church in 1920. Joan of Arc is regarded as a national heroine of France and a symbol of courage, faith, and patriotism.

  • 9. Clovis I

    Died: 511 A.D
    Slogan: The Franks have one God and him will we serve

    Clovis I was the first king of the Franks to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler, changing the form of leadership from a group of petty kings to rule by a single king and ensuring that the kingship was passed down to his heirs. He is considered to have been the founder of the Merovingian dynasty, which ruled the Frankish kingdom for the next two centuries. Clovis is important in the historiography of France as "the first king of what would become France". He succeeded his father, Childeric I, as a king of Salian Franks in 481, and eventually came to rule an area extending from what is now the southern Netherlands to northern France, corresponding in Roman terms to Gallia Belgica (northern Gaul). At the Battle of Soissons (486) he established his military dominance of the rump state of the fragmenting Western Roman Empire which was then under the command of Syagrius. By the time of his death in either 511 or 513, Clovis had conquered several smaller Frankish kingdoms in the northeast of Gaul including some northern parts of what is now France. Clovis also conquered the Alemanni tribes in eastern Gaul, and the Visigothic kingdom of Aquitania in the southwest. These campaigns added significantly to Clovis's domains, and established his dynasty as a major political and military presence in western Europe. Clovis is also significant because of his conversion to Nicene Christianity in 496, largely at the behest of his wife, Clotilde, who would later be venerated as a saint for this act, celebrated today in both the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church. Clovis was baptized on Christmas Day in 508. The adoption by Clovis of Nicene Christianity (as opposed to the Arianism of most other Germanic tribes) led to widespread conversion among the Frankish peoples; to religious unification across what is now modern-day France, the Low Countries and Germany; three centuries later, to Charlemagne's alliance with the Bishop of Rome; and in the middle of the 10th century under Otto I the Great, to the consequent birth of the early Holy Roman Empire.

  • 10. Honore de Balzac

    Died: 1850 A.D
    Slogan: Behind every great fortune there is a crime

    Honoré de Balzac was a French literary artist who produced a vast number of novels and short stories collectively called La Comédie humaine (The Human Comedy). He helped to establish the traditional form of the novel and is generally considered to be one of the greatest novelists of all time. Balzac’s works offer a panorama of post-Napoleonic French life, especially the upper and middle classes. His realistic characters are complex, morally ambiguous and fully human. His writing influenced many famous writers, such as Charles Dickens, Marcel Proust, Gustave Flaubert, and Henry James. Balzac was born in Tours, France, in 1799. He was the second son of Bernard-François Balssa, a former peasant who became a civil servant, and Anne-Charlotte-Laure Sallambier, who came from a family of Parisian cloth merchants. Balzac had a troubled relationship with his parents, who sent him away to boarding school at an early age. He later studied law in Paris, but soon abandoned it to pursue a literary career. He wrote under various pseudonyms and experimented with different genres, such as drama, journalism, and criticism. He also tried to be a publisher, printer, businessman, and politician, but failed in all these endeavors. Balzac’s breakthrough came in 1831 with the publication of La Peau de chagrin (The Wild Ass's Skin), a novel that combined realism and fantasy. He then began to work on a series of interconnected novels that would form La Comédie humaine, which he divided into three sections: Etudes de moeurs (Studies of Manners), Etudes analytiques (Analytical Studies), and Etudes philosophiques (Philosophical Studies). Some of his most famous novels include Eugénie Grandet (1833), Le Père Goriot (1835), Illusions perdues (Lost Illusions, 1837–1843), and La Cousine Bette (Cousin Bette, 1846). Balzac’s novels depict the social, economic, political, and cultural changes that occurred in France after the French Revolution and the rise of capitalism. He explored themes such as ambition, greed, love, marriage, family, class, money, power, corruption, crime, and justice. He also created memorable characters from all walks of life, such as Rastignac, Vautrin, Goriot, Grandet, Bette, Nucingen, Rubempré, and many others. Balzac’s personal life was also full of drama and romance. He had many affairs with women of different social backgrounds and statuses. He was engaged to Madame de Berny, a married woman who was 22 years older than him. He also had a long-distance relationship with Ewelina Hańska (née Contessa Rzewuska), a Polish aristocrat who was married to a Russian count. They exchanged hundreds of letters over 15 years before they finally met in person in 1833. They married in March 1850 in Berdychiv (now Ukraine), after the death of Ewelina’s husband. Balzac suffered from health problems throughout his life due to his intense writing schedule and lifestyle. He often worked for 15 hours a day without rest or sleep. He consumed large amounts of coffee and other stimulants to keep himself awake and productive. He also spent lavishly on clothes, furniture, art, and books. He accumulated huge debts that he struggled to pay off. He died in Paris on August 18th 1850 at the age of 51 from heart failure. He was buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery, where his tombstone bears the inscription: He was a giant

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