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Gerard Debreu Gerard Debreu 1921 - 2004 Nobel laureate in economics
Emmanuelle Arsan Emmanuelle Arsan 1932 - 2005 Writer, Actress
John Baptist de La Salle John Baptist de La Salle 1651 - 1719 Founder of the Institute of Brothers of Christian
Oscar Wilde Oscar Wilde 1854 - 1900 Playwright
Le Pho Le Pho 1907 - 2001 Painter
Roch-Ambroise Cucurron Sicard Roch-Ambroise Cucurron Sicard 1742 - 1822 Instructor of the deaf
Maria Bashkirtseva Maria Bashkirtseva 1858 - 1884 Portraits and cityscapes
Daniel Carasso Daniel Carasso 1905 - 2009 Founder of Danone and Dannon
Berenger Sauniere Berenger Sauniere 1852 - 1917 Priest of Rennes-le-Château
Konstantin Korovin Konstantin Korovin 1861 - 1939 Painter of landscapes, portraits
Jacques Cousteau Jacques Cousteau 1910 - 1997 Ocean explorer and co-inventor of the Aqua-Lung
Maximilien Robespierre Maximilien Robespierre 1758 - 1794 Leader of the French Revolution and the Reign
Osmund of Salisbury Osmund of Salisbury 1030 - 1099 Bishop of Salisbury and Lord Chancellor of England
Charles William Joseph Emile Le Gendre Charles William Joseph Emile Le Gendre 1830 - 1899 Army officer and diplomat
Le Thi Luu Le Thi Luu 1911 - 1988 Painter
Carlos Reichenbach Carlos Reichenbach 1945 - 2012 Film director and producer
Marc Chagall Marc Chagall 1887 - 1985 Painting portraits
Gustave Eiffel Gustave Eiffel 1832 - 1923 Civil engineer and architect
Georges Moustaki Georges Moustaki 1934 - 2013 Singer-songwriter
Jean Moreas Jean Moreas 1856 - 1910 Symbolist poet and critic
Urbain Grandier Urbain Grandier 1590 - 1634 Priest and alleged sorcerer
Edward Albert Christian George Edward Albert Christian George 1894 - 1972 King of the United Kingdom
Peter Wooldridge Townsend Peter Wooldridge Townsend 1914 - 1995 RAF officer and courtier
Charlemagne Charlemagne 747 - 814 Emperor of the Romans, King of the Franks
Marquis de Lafayette Marquis de Lafayette 1757 - 1834 Military leader and politician
Marcel Lefebvre Marcel Lefebvre 1905 - 1991 Catholic archbishop
Alfred Dreyfus Alfred Dreyfus 1859 - 1935 Artillery officer
Juliette Greco Juliette Greco 1927 - 2020 chanson singer and muse of existentialism
Jacques Hamel Jacques Hamel 1930 - 2016 Catholic priest
Abdulmejid II Abdulmejid II 1868 - 1944 Last Ottoman caliph and painter
John Calvin John Calvin 1509 - 1564 Protestant Reformation leader
Marie-Joseph Lagrange Marie-Joseph Lagrange 1855 - 1938 Theologian and founder of the École Biblique
John XXII John XXII 1244 - 1334 Pope and theologian
Julia Kavanagh Julia Kavanagh 1824 - 1877 Novelist and biographer
Miron Cristea Miron Cristea 1868 - 1939 Patriarch
Duong Quynh Hoa Duong Quynh Hoa 1930 - 2006 Health Minister
Agnes Arnauld Agnes Arnauld 1593 - 1671 Abbess of Port-Royal
Gilbert Becaud Gilbert Becaud 1927 - 2001 Singer, composer, pianist and actor
Louis XIV Louis XIV 1638 - 1715 King of France and Navarre
Krzysztof Gawedzki Krzysztof Gawedzki 1947 - 2022 Mathematical physics
Pierre de Berulle Pierre de Berulle 1575 - 1629 Founder of the French school of spirituality
Rudolf Diesel Rudolf Diesel 1858 - 1913 Inventing the diesel engine
Josephine Baker Josephine Baker 1906 - 1975 Music-hall entertainer and French Resistance agent
Maurice Allais Maurice Allais 1911 - 2010 Nobel laureate in economics
Henri Matisse Henri Matisse 1869 - 1954 Painter, printmaker, sculptor, draughtsman
Jacques-Paul Migne Jacques-Paul Migne 1800 - 1875 Publisher of Patrologia Latina
Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate 1652 - 1722 Correspondent and memoirist
Mai Skaf Mai Skaf 1969 - 2018 Actress and activist
Adamantios Korais Adamantios Korais 1748 - 1833 Greek humanist scholar
Henri Gregoire Henri Gregoire 1750 - 1831 Constitutional bishop of Blois
Jacques Marquette Jacques Marquette 1637 - 1675 French Jesuit missionary and explorer
Marie Bonaparte Marie Bonaparte 1882 - 1962 Author and psychoanalyst
Abdul Halim Khaddam Abdul Halim Khaddam 1932 - 2020 Vice President of Syria
Porfirio Diaz Porfirio Diaz 1830 - 1915 President of Mexico
Jules Gabriel Verne Jules Gabriel Verne 1828 - 1905 Writer of science fiction and adventure novels
Marsi Paribatra Marsi Paribatra 1930 - 2013 Artist, Academic
Edith Piaf Edith Piaf 1915 - 1963 Singer and actress
Ivan Bilibin Ivan Bilibin 1876 - 1942 Illustrations of Russian fairy tales
Antoine de Saint-Exupery Antoine de Saint-Exupery 1900 - 1944 Author of The Little Prince
Salah al-Din Bitar Salah al-Din Bitar 1912 - 1980 Politician
Claude Monet Claude Monet 1840 - 1926 Founder of impressionist painting
Niccolo Paganini Niccolo Paganini 1782 - 1840 Violinist
Agop Terzan Agop Terzan 1927 - 2020 Discoverer of variable stars and globular clusters
Nureddin al-Atassi Nureddin al-Atassi 1929 - 1992 President of Syria
Nikolaos Sokrates Politis Nikolaos Sokrates Politis 1872 - 1942 International lawyer, diplomat, scholar
Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila 1787 - 1853 Founder of toxicology
Nicolas Malebranche Nicolas Malebranche 1638 - 1715 Rationalist philosopher and theologian
Marius Constant Marius Constant 1925 - 2004 Composer, Conductor
Maria Blanchard Maria Blanchard 1881 - 1932 Painter and pioneer of Cubism
Claude of France Claude of France 1499 - 1524 Queen consort of France and Duchess of Brittany
Louis IX Louis IX 1214 - 1270 King of France and Crusader
Maurice Chevalier Maurice Chevalier 1888 - 1972 French musical-comedy star and entertainer
Marie Laforet Marie Laforet 1939 - 2019 Singer and actress
Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert 1646 - 1714 Economic and fiscal reformer
Vincent de Paul Vincent de Paul 1581 - 1660 Priest and founder of the Congregation of Mission
Joseph Marie Terray Joseph Marie Terray 1715 - 1778 Controller-General of Finances
Musidora Musidora 1889 - 1957 Acting in silent film
Jean-Baptiste Colbert Jean-Baptiste Colbert 1619 - 1683 minister of finance and navy under Louis XIV
Mark Antokolski Mark Antokolski 1843 - 1902 Cityscapes and landscapes
Paul Cezanne Paul Cezanne 1839 - 1906 Post-Impressionist painter
Marcel Proust Marcel Proust 1871 - 1922 Novelist and critic
Francisco Goya Francisco Goya 1746 - 1828 Painter and printmaker
Jean Joseph Marie Amiot Jean Joseph Marie Amiot 1718 - 1793 Jesuit missionary and translator
Jean-Baptiste Henri-Dominique Lacordaire Jean-Baptiste Henri-Dominique Lacordaire 1802 - 1861 Preacher, theologian, political activist
Bassma Kodmani Bassma Kodmani 1958 - 2023 Syrian National Council spokesperson
Felix of Valois Felix of Valois 1127 - 1212 Co-founder of the Trinitarian Order
Savitri Devi Savitri Devi 1905 - 1982 Proponent of Nazism and Hinduism
Yilmaz Guney Yilmaz Guney 1937 - 1984 Film director, screenwriter, novelist, and actor
Serge Gainsbourg Serge Gainsbourg 1928 - 1991 Singer-songwriter, actor, composer, and director
Mary of Guise Mary of Guise 1515 - 1560 Queen consort and regent of Scotland
Rene Descartes Rene Descartes 1596 - 1650 Founder of modern philosophy and analytic geometry
Henri de Saint-Simon Henri de Saint-Simon 1760 - 1825 Social reformer and founder of Christian socialism
Louis-Andre de Grimaldi Louis-Andre de Grimaldi 1736 - 1804 Bishop of Le Mans and Noyon, Peer of France
Peter Faber Peter Faber 1506 - 1546 Jesuit priest and theologian
Pope Stephen IX Pope Stephen IX 1057 - 1158 Head of the Catholic Church
Jean Baptiste Kleber Jean Baptiste Kleber 1753 - 1800 General of the French Revolutionary Wars
Karl Lagerfeld Karl Lagerfeld 1933 - 2019 Creative director of Chanel and Fendi
Pierre Joseph Georges Pigneau Pierre Joseph Georges Pigneau 1741 - 1799 Catholic priest and bishop of Adran
Emil Cioran Emil Cioran 1911 - 1995 Philosopher
Michel de Certeau Michel de Certeau 1925 - 1986 Historian, cultural theorist, psychoanalyst
Elvira Popescu Elvira Popescu 1894 - 1993 Actress
Andre Chenier Andre Chenier 1762 - 1794 Poet and political journalist
Ilarie Voronca Ilarie Voronca 1903 - 1946 Poet
Konstantin Pobedonostsev Konstantin Pobedonostsev 1827 - 1907 Adviser to Alexander II, Alexander III
Georges Charpak Georges Charpak 1924 - 2010 Particle detector inventor
Paul Celan Paul Celan 1920 - 1970 Poet
Bernardino Pinera Carvallo Bernardino Pinera Carvallo 1915 - 2020 Bishop of Temuco and Archbishop of La Serena
Henry IV of France Henry IV of France 1553 - 1610 King of France and Navarre
Charles Aznavour Charles Aznavour 1924 - 2018 Singer, songwriter, actor and diplomat
Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal 1623 - 1662 Mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher
Jean Orry Jean Orry 1652 - 1719 Controller-General of Finances in Spain
Max Ernst Max Ernst 1891 - 1976 Painter, sculptor, poet
Jean de Brebeuf Jean de Brebeuf 1593 - 1649 Jesuit priest and missionary to the Huron people
Geoffrey V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou Geoffrey V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou 1113 - 1151 Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy
Suger of France Suger of France 1081 - 1151 Abbot of Saint-Denis, adviser
Lasgush Poradeci Lasgush Poradeci 1899 - 1987 Poet and author
Henri de Lubac Henri de Lubac 1896 - 1991 Theologian and priest
Abbe Pierre Abbe Pierre 1912 - 2007 founder of Emmaüs movement
Alexei Harlamov Alexei Harlamov 1840 - 1925 Painter of portraits, genre scenes
Erik Satie Erik Satie 1866 - 1925 Composer and pianist
Olga Boznanska Olga Boznanska 1865 - 1940 Painter
Cecile Aubry Cecile Aubry 1928 - 2010 Actress, author, television screenwriter
Gherasim Luca Gherasim Luca 1913 - 1994 Surrealist Poet
Eugenia Osterberger Eugenia Osterberger 1852 - 1932 Composer and pianist
George V of Hanover George V of Hanover 1819 - 1878 King of Hanover
Gheorghe Bibescu Gheorghe Bibescu 1804 - 1873 Prince
John Vianney John Vianney 1786 - 1859 Parish priest and confessor
Iannis Xenakis Iannis Xenakis 1922 - 2001 Composer
Nicole Stephane Nicole Stephane 1923 - 2007 Actress, producer and director
Leon Dehon Leon Dehon 1843 - 1925 Founder of the Congregation of the Sacred Heart
Charilaos Trikoupis Charilaos Trikoupis 1832 - 1896 Prime Minister of Greece
Lilyan Chauvin Lilyan Chauvin 1925 - 2008 character actress, television host, director
Roger Etchegaray Roger Etchegaray 1922 - 2019 President of the Pontifical Council for Justice
Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte 1769 - 1821
Albert Camus Albert Camus 1913 - 1960 Existentialist philosopher and novelist
Pablo Morillo y Morillo Pablo Morillo y Morillo 1775 - 1837 Spanish general and colonial administrator
Georges Brassens Georges Brassens 1921 - 1981 Singer-songwriter and poet
Louis III, Cardinal of Guise Louis III, Cardinal of Guise 1575 - 1621 Cardinal, Archbishop of Reims
Pridi Phanomyong Pridi Phanomyong 1900 - 1983 Prime Minister
Sacha Distel Sacha Distel 1933 - 2004 Singer, guitarist, songwriter and actor
Anton Dolin Anton Dolin 1904 - 1983 Ballet dancer and choreographer
Natalia Goncharova Natalia Goncharova 1881 - 1962 Painter and designer
Henry Norwest Henry Norwest 1881 - 1918 Military Sniper
Marthe Bibesco Marthe Bibesco 1886 - 1973 Writer
Francoise Frenkel Francoise Frenkel 1889 - 1975 Writer and bookseller
Peter Chanel Peter Chanel 1803 - 1841 Catholic priest, missionary, and martyr
Charles-Michel de l'Epee Charles-Michel de l'Epee 1712 - 1789 Founder of the first public school for the deaf
Louis XIII of France Louis XIII of France 1601 - 1643 King of France and Navarre
Andre Rene Roussimoff Andre Rene Roussimoff 1946 - 1993 Professional wrestler and actor
Georges Tarabichi Georges Tarabichi 1939 - 2016 Writer, philosopher, and translator
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Top 10 Died Influential People

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  • 1. Coco Chanel

    Died: 1971 A.D
    Slogan: A girl should be two things: classy and fabulous.

    Coco Chanel was a French fashion designer and businesswoman who revolutionized the style and aesthetics of women's clothing in the 20th century. She was born in a poorhouse in Saumur, France, and raised by nuns after her mother's death. She learned to sew at a young age and started her career as a milliner. She opened her first shop in Paris in 1910, selling hats and later expanding to clothing. She introduced simple, elegant, and comfortable designs that contrasted with the corseted and elaborate fashion of the time. She popularized the use of jersey fabric, tweed, and black color in women's clothing. She also created iconic accessories such as the quilted purse, costume jewelry, and the interlocked-CC monogram. She launched her first perfume, Chanel No. 5, in 1921, which became one of the most famous fragrances in the world. She also designed costumes for theater and cinema, collaborating with artists such as Pablo Picasso, Igor Stravinsky, and Jean Cocteau. She closed her fashion house during World War II and faced controversy for her involvement with a German officer. She returned to fashion in 1954, at the age of 71, and continued to create influential collections until her death in 1971. She is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in fashion history and a symbol of modern, liberated, and independent womanhood.

  • 2. Napoleon Bonaparte

    Died: 1821 A.D
    Slogan:

  • 3. Victor Hugo

    Died: 1885 A.D
    Slogan: To love beauty is to see light.

    Victor Hugo was a renowned poet, novelist and playwright of the Romantic Movement in 19th century France. He is considered by many as one of the greatest and best-known French authors of all times. He was also a political statesman and human rights activist, although he is primarily remembered for his literary creations like poetry and novels. Hugo was born on 26 February 1802 in Besançon in Eastern France. His father was a general in Napoléon’s army, and much of his childhood was therefore spent amid the backdrop of Napoléon’s campaigns in Spain and in Italy. At the age of eleven, Hugo returned to live with his mother in Paris, where he became infatuated with books and literature. Hugo began his literary career as a poet, publishing his first collection of poems, Odes et poésies diverses, in 1822. He soon became a leader of the Romantic movement with his play Cromwell (1827) and drama Hernani (1830), which challenged the classical rules of theatre. He also wrote several novels that explored social issues and human passions, such as Notre-Dame de Paris (1831), also known as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, and Les Misérables (1862), which is considered one of the greatest novels of all time. Hugo was also involved in politics, serving as a deputy and a senator in the French parliament. He was a staunch supporter of republicanism and democracy, and opposed the monarchy and the dictatorship of Napoléon III. He was exiled from France from 1851 to 1870, living in Brussels, Jersey, and Guernsey. During his exile, he wrote some of his most famous works, such as Les Contemplations (1856), La Légende des siècles (1859), and Les Châtiments (1853), a collection of poems denouncing Napoléon III. Hugo returned to France in 1870 after the fall of the Second Empire. He continued to write and publish until his death on 22 May 1885. He was given a state funeral in the Panthéon of Paris, which was attended by over two million people. He is regarded as a national hero and a symbol of French culture.

  • 4. Louis XIV

    Died: 1715 A.D
    Slogan: Every time I appoint someone to a vacant position, I make a hundred unhappy and one ungrateful

    Louis XIV was born on 5 September 1638 at St Germain-en-Laye. He became king at the age of four on the death of his father, Louis XIII. His mother, Anne of Austria, and his chief minister, Cardinal Mazarin, ruled on his behalf until he came of age in 1661. He declared that he would rule as an absolute monarch, with the famous phrase "L'état, c'est moi" ("I am the state"). He consolidated his power by building a magnificent palace at Versailles, where he moved his court and government in 1682. He patronized the arts and culture, and employed famous artists such as Molière, Racine, Lully, Le Brun, and Le Nôtre. He also reformed the legal system with the Code Louis, which unified the laws of France and served as a model for other countries. He also expanded France's territory through a series of wars, such as the War of Devolution, the Franco-Dutch War, the War of the League of Augsburg, and the War of the Spanish Succession. He secured the Spanish throne for his grandson Philip V in 1714. However, his wars also drained France's resources and provoked resentment from other European powers. He also faced domestic opposition from the Huguenots (French Protestants), whom he persecuted and deprived of their rights with the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. He died on 1 September 1715, after a reign of 72 years, the longest in European history. He was succeeded by his great-grandson Louis XV.

  • 5. Charlemagne

    Died: 814 A.D
    Slogan: To have another language is to possess a second soul

    Charlemagne was a medieval ruler who unified most of Western Europe under his rule. He was the son of Pepin the Short, who was the first Carolingian king of the Franks. He inherited half of his father's kingdom in 768 and became sole ruler after his brother Carloman's death in 771. He expanded his domain by conquering the Lombards in Italy, the Saxons in Germany, the Avars in Hungary, and other peoples in Spain and Central Europe. He also defended his lands from the attacks of the Muslims, Slavs, Danes, and Magyars. He was a devout Christian who supported the church and promoted education and culture. He reformed the administration, law, coinage, and military of his empire. He also fostered a revival of art, architecture, literature, and learning known as the Carolingian Renaissance. In 800, he was crowned as the emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III in Rome. This act restored the concept of a unified Christian empire in Western Europe and established Charlemagne as the successor of the ancient Roman emperors. He was also recognized as the protector of the papacy and the leader of Christendom. His empire became known as the Holy Roman Empire after his death. Charlemagne died in 814 after a reign of 46 years. He was buried in his palace chapel in Aachen. He was succeeded by his son Louis the Pious, who divided the empire among his three sons in 843. Charlemagne's legacy was immense and lasting. He is regarded as one of the greatest rulers in history and as the father of Europe. He was canonized by some medieval popes and is venerated as a saint by some Christian churches. He is also a national hero and a cultural icon in many European countries.

  • 6. Charles de Gaulle

    Died: 1970 A.D
    Slogan: France has lost a battle! But France has not lost the war!

    Charles de Gaulle was a French soldier, writer, statesman, and architect of France’s Fifth Republic. He was born in Lille on 22 November 1890 and grew up in Paris, where his father was a teacher. He graduated from the military academy of Saint-Cyr in 1912 and served in World War I, where he was wounded and captured by the Germans. He escaped several times but was recaptured each time. After the war, he pursued a career in the army and became an expert on tank warfare. He also wrote several books on military strategy and history. In 1940, after the fall of France to Nazi Germany, he fled to London and broadcast a famous speech on the BBC, calling on the French people to resist the occupation and join him in exile. He formed the Free French Forces, which fought alongside the Allies in Africa, Europe, and Asia. He also established a provisional government in Algiers, which later moved to Paris after the liberation of France in 1944. He became the head of the provisional government until 1946, when he resigned over constitutional disagreements. He returned to politics in 1958, when France faced a crisis over the Algerian War. He was elected as the president of the newly created Fifth Republic, which gave him extensive powers. He granted independence to Algeria and other French colonies, pursued an independent foreign policy that distanced France from NATO and the United States, and developed France’s nuclear deterrent. He also initiated a series of social and economic reforms, such as the introduction of a new franc, the expansion of social security, and the promotion of regional development. He faced several challenges during his presidency, such as the student protests and workers’ strikes of May 1968, the assassination attempts by the OAS (a militant group opposed to Algerian independence), and the growing opposition from his former allies. He resigned in 1969 after losing a referendum on constitutional reform. He retired to his country home in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises, where he died on 9 November 1970 from an aneurysm. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in French history and a symbol of national unity and resistance. His political ideology, known as Gaullism, has influenced many French politicians across the political spectrum. He is also celebrated for his role in World War II and his vision of a united Europe. He is buried in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises, alongside his wife and daughter Anne, who had Down syndrome. His other two children, Philippe and Élisabeth, became prominent figures in French politics and culture.

  • 7. Claude Monet

    Died: 1926 A.D
    Slogan: Color is my day-long obsession, joy and torment.

    Claude Monet was a French painter who initiated, led, and unswervingly advocated for the Impressionist style. He is best known for his series of paintings of the same motif in different lights and seasons, such as haystacks, Rouen Cathedral, and water lilies. He was inspired by nature and sought to capture its beauty and essence with his brushstrokes. He was also influenced by Japanese art and culture, which he collected and displayed in his home in Giverny. He created a large garden there, where he planted various flowers and built a water-lily pond with a Japanese bridge. He painted many scenes of his garden, especially the water lilies, which became his signature subject. He experimented with color and light, creating vibrant and luminous paintings that expressed his impressions of the moment. He was a prolific and influential artist who paved the way for modernism and abstract art. He had many friends and admirers among his fellow artists, such as Renoir, Pissarro, Cézanne, Degas, and Sisley. He also received support from patrons like Gustave Caillebotte, Ernest Hoschedé, Georges Clemenceau, and Sergei Shchukin. He faced some financial difficulties and health problems in his life, but he never gave up his passion for painting. He died of lung cancer at the age of 86 and was buried in his beloved garden in Giverny.

  • 8. Joan of Arc

    Died: 1431 A.D
    Slogan: I am not afraid... I was born to do this.

    Joan of Arc was a peasant girl who believed that she had visions from God instructing her to help Charles VII of France to reclaim his throne from the English during the Hundred Years' War. She convinced Charles to let her lead a French army to the besieged city of Orléans, where she achieved a remarkable victory in 1429. She then escorted Charles to Reims, where he was crowned as the King of France. Joan continued to fight in several battles, but was captured by the Burgundians, allies of the English, in 1430. She was handed over to the English and put on trial for heresy and witchcraft by Bishop Pierre Cauchon. She was accused of blasphemy, cross-dressing, and acting on demonic visions. She was found guilty and burned at the stake on 30 May 1431, at the age of about 19. In 1456, a posthumous retrial declared her innocent and a martyr. She was canonized as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church in 1920. Joan of Arc is regarded as a national heroine of France and a symbol of courage, faith, and patriotism.

  • 9. Clovis I

    Died: 511 A.D
    Slogan: The Franks have one God and him will we serve

    Clovis I was the first king of the Franks to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler, changing the form of leadership from a group of petty kings to rule by a single king and ensuring that the kingship was passed down to his heirs. He is considered to have been the founder of the Merovingian dynasty, which ruled the Frankish kingdom for the next two centuries. Clovis is important in the historiography of France as "the first king of what would become France". He succeeded his father, Childeric I, as a king of Salian Franks in 481, and eventually came to rule an area extending from what is now the southern Netherlands to northern France, corresponding in Roman terms to Gallia Belgica (northern Gaul). At the Battle of Soissons (486) he established his military dominance of the rump state of the fragmenting Western Roman Empire which was then under the command of Syagrius. By the time of his death in either 511 or 513, Clovis had conquered several smaller Frankish kingdoms in the northeast of Gaul including some northern parts of what is now France. Clovis also conquered the Alemanni tribes in eastern Gaul, and the Visigothic kingdom of Aquitania in the southwest. These campaigns added significantly to Clovis's domains, and established his dynasty as a major political and military presence in western Europe. Clovis is also significant because of his conversion to Nicene Christianity in 496, largely at the behest of his wife, Clotilde, who would later be venerated as a saint for this act, celebrated today in both the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church. Clovis was baptized on Christmas Day in 508. The adoption by Clovis of Nicene Christianity (as opposed to the Arianism of most other Germanic tribes) led to widespread conversion among the Frankish peoples; to religious unification across what is now modern-day France, the Low Countries and Germany; three centuries later, to Charlemagne's alliance with the Bishop of Rome; and in the middle of the 10th century under Otto I the Great, to the consequent birth of the early Holy Roman Empire.

  • 10. Honore de Balzac

    Died: 1850 A.D
    Slogan: Behind every great fortune there is a crime

    Honoré de Balzac was a French literary artist who produced a vast number of novels and short stories collectively called La Comédie humaine (The Human Comedy). He helped to establish the traditional form of the novel and is generally considered to be one of the greatest novelists of all time. Balzac’s works offer a panorama of post-Napoleonic French life, especially the upper and middle classes. His realistic characters are complex, morally ambiguous and fully human. His writing influenced many famous writers, such as Charles Dickens, Marcel Proust, Gustave Flaubert, and Henry James. Balzac was born in Tours, France, in 1799. He was the second son of Bernard-François Balssa, a former peasant who became a civil servant, and Anne-Charlotte-Laure Sallambier, who came from a family of Parisian cloth merchants. Balzac had a troubled relationship with his parents, who sent him away to boarding school at an early age. He later studied law in Paris, but soon abandoned it to pursue a literary career. He wrote under various pseudonyms and experimented with different genres, such as drama, journalism, and criticism. He also tried to be a publisher, printer, businessman, and politician, but failed in all these endeavors. Balzac’s breakthrough came in 1831 with the publication of La Peau de chagrin (The Wild Ass's Skin), a novel that combined realism and fantasy. He then began to work on a series of interconnected novels that would form La Comédie humaine, which he divided into three sections: Etudes de moeurs (Studies of Manners), Etudes analytiques (Analytical Studies), and Etudes philosophiques (Philosophical Studies). Some of his most famous novels include Eugénie Grandet (1833), Le Père Goriot (1835), Illusions perdues (Lost Illusions, 1837–1843), and La Cousine Bette (Cousin Bette, 1846). Balzac’s novels depict the social, economic, political, and cultural changes that occurred in France after the French Revolution and the rise of capitalism. He explored themes such as ambition, greed, love, marriage, family, class, money, power, corruption, crime, and justice. He also created memorable characters from all walks of life, such as Rastignac, Vautrin, Goriot, Grandet, Bette, Nucingen, Rubempré, and many others. Balzac’s personal life was also full of drama and romance. He had many affairs with women of different social backgrounds and statuses. He was engaged to Madame de Berny, a married woman who was 22 years older than him. He also had a long-distance relationship with Ewelina Hańska (née Contessa Rzewuska), a Polish aristocrat who was married to a Russian count. They exchanged hundreds of letters over 15 years before they finally met in person in 1833. They married in March 1850 in Berdychiv (now Ukraine), after the death of Ewelina’s husband. Balzac suffered from health problems throughout his life due to his intense writing schedule and lifestyle. He often worked for 15 hours a day without rest or sleep. He consumed large amounts of coffee and other stimulants to keep himself awake and productive. He also spent lavishly on clothes, furniture, art, and books. He accumulated huge debts that he struggled to pay off. He died in Paris on August 18th 1850 at the age of 51 from heart failure. He was buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery, where his tombstone bears the inscription: He was a giant

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