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Ahlam Wehbi Ahlam Wehbi 1938 - 2020 Singer and actress
Mohammad Taqi al Khoei Mohammad Taqi al Khoei 1954 - 1994 Shia scholar and philanthropist
Ahmed Chalabi Ahmed Chalabi 1944 - 2015 Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Iraq
Abd al Muhsin as Sa dun Abd al Muhsin as Sa dun 1883 - 1936 Prime Minister of Iraq
Ali Merdan Ali Merdan 1904 - 1981 Musician and singer of Kurdish songs
Radhi Hamza al Radhi Radhi Hamza al Radhi 1955 - 2018 Head of the Commission on Public Integrity
Sergio Vieira de Mello Sergio Vieira de Mello 1948 - 2003 UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
Jamil Sidqi al Zahawi Jamil Sidqi al Zahawi 1863 - 1936 Poet, philosopher, professor, critic
Khamis al Obeidi Khamis al Obeidi 1966 - 2006 Defence lawyer for Saddam Hussein
Abu Mansur al Baghdadi Abu Mansur al Baghdadi 980 - 1037 Shafi'i scholar and mathematician
Muhammad Taha al Huwayzi Muhammad Taha al Huwayzi 1899 - 1968 Islamic scholar and astronomer
Addai II Giwargis Addai II Giwargis 1948 - 2022 Catholicos-Patriarch of the Ancient Church
Abu Ibrahim al Hashimi al Qurashi Abu Ibrahim al Hashimi al Qurashi 1976 - 2019 Leader of the Islamic State
Shaalan Abu al Jun Shaalan Abu al Jun 1864 - 1941 activist for Iraqi independence and Arab culture
Nuha al Radi Nuha al Radi 1941 - 2004 Ceramicist and painter
Ismail Fatah Al Turk Ismail Fatah Al Turk 1934 - 2004 Painter and sculptor
Shimon Agassi Shimon Agassi 1852 - 1914 Patriarch of Antioch
Abd Rahman al Haydari al Kaylani Abd Rahman al Haydari al Kaylani 1841 - 1927 Prime Minister of Iraq
Abdul Majid al Khoei Abdul Majid al Khoei 1962 - 2003 Shia cleric and activist
Sabiha al Shaykh Da ud Sabiha al Shaykh Da ud 1912 - 1975 Poet and activist for Kurdish language and culture
Sassoon Eskell Sassoon Eskell 1860 - 1932 Deputy for the Iraqi Parliament
Nuri Ja far Nuri Ja far 1914 - 1995 Founder of modern Iraqi sociology
Yusuf Zaarur Yusuf Zaarur 1902 - 1969 Qanun player, director of Radio Orchestra
Tahir Allauddin Al Qadri Al Gillani Tahir Allauddin Al Qadri Al Gillani 980 - 1037 Shafi'i scholar and mathematician
Ibn al Haytham Ibn al Haytham 965 - 1040 Father of modern optics and pioneer of scientific
Jawad Saleem Jawad Saleem 1919 - 1961 Director of Iraq National Museum
Salih Jabr Salih Jabr 1896 - 1957 Prime Minister of Iraq from 1947 to 1948
Sadr al Din al Sadr Sadr al Din al Sadr 1882 - 1953 Islamic scholar and astronomer
Yasin al Hashimi Yasin al Hashimi 1884 - 1937 Prime Minister of Iraq
Khaled al Rahal Khaled al Rahal 1926 - 1987 Painter and sculptor
Lamia Al Gailani Werr Lamia Al Gailani Werr 1938 - 2019 Archaeologist and museum curator
Hisham al Hashimi Hisham al Hashimi 1973 - 2020 Researcher and expert on armed groups
Alexander the Great Alexander the Great -356 - -323 King of Macedon and Hegemon of the Hellenic League
Anne Nafi Aussi Anne Nafi Aussi 1964 - 2018 Painter and sculptor
Ali Al Wardi Ali Al Wardi 1913 - 1995 Adopting modern social theories
Solhi al Wadi Solhi al Wadi 1934 - 2007 Qanun player and director of Radio Orchestra
Afifa Iskandar Afifa Iskandar 1921 - 2012 Iraqi maqam singer
Taufiq Wahby Taufiq Wahby 1891 - 1984 Kurdish writer and army officer
Tahseen Said Tahseen Said 1933 - 2019 Hereditary leader of Yazidis and head
Thabit AbdulNour Thabit AbdulNour 1890 - 1945 Leader of the Golden Square group
Khurto Hajji Ismail Khurto Hajji Ismail 1933 - 1855 Islamic scholar and astronomer
Shlomo Hillel Shlomo Hillel 1923 - 2021 Speaker of the Knesset, Minister of Police
Abdul Aziz al Hakim Abdul Aziz al Hakim 1953 - 2009 Leader of Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq
Menahem Saleh Daniel Menahem Saleh Daniel 1846 - 1940 Businessman, landowner, philanthropist
Saadi Youssef Saadi Youssef 1934 - 2021 Poet, journalist, publisher, translator
Abu al-Mughith al-Husayn ibn Mansur al-Hallaj Abu al-Mughith al-Husayn ibn Mansur al-Hallaj 858 - 922 Mystic, poet, teacher of Sufism
Eyaz Zaxoyi Eyaz Zaxoyi 1961 - 1986 Kurdish maqam singer
Muzahim Saab Hassan Muzahim Saab Hassan 1950 - 2021 liaison with UN weapons inspectors
Samira Saleh Ali al Naimi Samira Saleh Ali al Naimi 1963 - 2014 Human rights defender
Safa Khulusi Safa Khulusi 1917 - 1995 Scholar of modern Iraqi literature
Mar Dinkha IV Mar Dinkha IV 1935 - 2015 Catholicos-Patriarch of the Assyrian Church
Seta Hagopian Seta Hagopian 1950 - 2018 Singer and songwriter of Iraqi music
Ali Jawdat al Aiyubi Ali Jawdat al Aiyubi 1913 - 1969 Prime Minister of Iraq
Faisal II of Iraq Faisal II of Iraq 1935 - 1958 Last King of Iraq
Salah al Din al Sabbagh Salah al Din al Sabbagh 1889 - 1945 Leader of the Golden Square group
Mohammed Taki Mehdi Mohammed Taki Mehdi 1928 - 1998 Activist, writer, pro-Palestinian leader
Majid Khadduri Majid Khadduri 1909 - 2007 Founder of SAIS Middle East Studies program
Foulath Hadid Foulath Hadid 1937 - 2012 Writer and expert on Arab affairs
Ignatius Peter IV Ignatius Peter IV 1798 - 1894 Patriarch of Antioch and head
Mulla Sadra Mulla Sadra 1571 - 1640 Founder of Transcendent Theosophy
Musa al Musawi Musa al Musawi 1930 - 1997 Founder of modern Iraqi sociology
Izzat Ibrahim ad Douri Izzat Ibrahim ad Douri 1942 - 2020 Vice Chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary
Hormuzd Rassam Hormuzd Rassam 1826 - 1910 Excavator of Nineveh and Sippar
Ezra Dangoor Ezra Dangoor 1848 - 1930 Chief Rabbi of Baghdad and founder
Naim Kattan Naim Kattan 1928 - 2021 Novelist, essayist and critic
Muhammad Saeed al Hakim Muhammad Saeed al Hakim 1936 - 2021 Shia marja
Bahija Khalil Ismail Bahija Khalil Ismail 1934 - 2019 Assyriologist and director of the Iraq Museum
Husain al Radi Husain al Radi 1924 - 1963 Communist politician
Mohamed Makiya Mohamed Makiya 1914 - 2015 Founder of Iraq's first department of architecture
Subhi al Badri al Samerai Subhi al Badri al Samerai 1936 - 2013 Islamic scholar and astronomer
Jamil Bachir Jamil Bachir 1920 - 1977 Oud player and teacher
Wathiq Naji Wathiq Naji 1940 - 2014 Iraq national football team manager
Moshe Barazani Moshe Barazani 1926 - 1947 Member of Lehi underground movement
Noah Noah -4500 - -3550
Yosef Hayyim Yosef Hayyim 1834 - 1909 Halakhic authority and master of mysticism
Emmanuel III Delly Emmanuel III Delly 1927 - 2014 Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans
Zaha Hadid Zaha Hadid 1950 - 2016 Pioneering deconstructivist architecture
Mohammad al Qubanchi Mohammad al Qubanchi 1904 - 1989 Iraqi maqam singer and composer
Badr Shakir al Sayyab Badr Shakir al Sayyab 1926 - 1964 Poet, journalist, publisher, translator
Mohammad Baqir al Hakim Mohammad Baqir al Hakim 1939 - 2003 Leader of the Supreme Council
Jafar al Askari Jafar al Askari 1885 - 1936 Minister of Defense and Interior of Iraq
Armand Nassery Armand Nassery 1966 - 2017 Author, filmmaker, former Zionist
Abu al-Wafa al-Buzjani Abu al-Wafa al-Buzjani 940 - 998 Innovator in spherical trigonometry
Mahmud Shevket Pasha Mahmud Shevket Pasha 1856 - 1913 Ottoman generalissimo and grand vizier
Sabah Al Fatlawi Sabah Al Fatlawi 1950 - 2018 Iraqi general
Yas Khidr Yas Khidr 1964 - 2018 Iraqi singer and composer
Abdul Qadir Al Rassam Abdul Qadir Al Rassam 1882 - 1952 Painter and sculptor
Sharif Ali bin al Hussein Sharif Ali bin al Hussein 1956 - 2022 Leader of the Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy party
Naziha Salim Naziha Salim 1927 - 2008 Painter and writer
Tahsin Taha Tahsin Taha 1941 - 1995 Kurdish singer
Ibrahim Ibrahim -1996 - -1815 Prophet of God
Tariq Aziz Tariq Aziz 1936 - 2015 Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister
Mohammed Oreibi Al Khalifa Mohammed Oreibi Al Khalifa 1969 - 2021 Chief judge of the Al-Anfal trial
Farhat Ezekiel Nadira Farhat Ezekiel Nadira 1932 - 2006 Playing seductive and glamorous roles
Muhammad Fadhel al Jamali Muhammad Fadhel al Jamali 1856 - 1913 Ottoman generalissimo and grand vizier
Ignatius Aphrem I Barsoum Ignatius Aphrem I Barsoum 1887 - 1957 Patriarch of Antioch and head
Dilshad Meriwani Dilshad Meriwani 1947 - 1989 Poet and activist for Kurdish language and culture
Watban Ibrahim al Tikriti Watban Ibrahim al Tikriti 1952 - 2015 Interior Minister of Iraq
Hayat Sharara Hayat Sharara 1935 - 1997 Iraqi writer, translator and educator
Nebuchadnezzar II Nebuchadnezzar II -630 - -561 king of Babylonia
Abdul Salam Arif Abdul Salam Arif 1921 - 1966 President of Iraq
Shakir Hassan Al Said Shakir Hassan Al Said 1925 - 2004 Painter, sculptor and writer
Naim Dangoor Naim Dangoor 1914 - 2015 Founder of The Exilarch's Foundation
Naziha al Dulaimi Naziha al Dulaimi 1923 - 2007 founder and first president of the Iraqi Women's
Mulla Effendi Mulla Effendi 1778 - 1855 Islamic scholar and astronomer
Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein 1937 - 2006 Ruling Iraq with an iron fist from 1979 to 2003
Abdul Karim Qasim Abdul Karim Qasim 1914 - 1963 Overthrowing the Iraqi monarchy
Sargon Boulus Sargon Boulus 1944 - 2007 Poet, journalist, translator, publisher
Layla Al Attar Layla Al Attar 1944 - 1993 Director of Iraq National Art Museum
Nemir Kirdar Nemir Kirdar 1936 - 2020 Founder and CEO of Investcorp
Hafidh al-Droubi Hafidh al-Droubi 1914 - 1991 Modernizing Iraqi architecture and urbanism
Rashid Yassin Rashid Yassin 1931 - 2012 Iraqi journalist, poet, literary critic
Shafiq Ades Shafiq Ades 1900 - 1948 Ford car company agency in Iraq
Faisal I of Iraq Faisal I of Iraq 1885 - 1933 King of Iraq and Syria
Ali Ali 599 - 661
Raphael I Bidawid Raphael I Bidawid 1922 - 2003 Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans
Ashurbanipal Ashurbanipal -685 - -631 King of Assyria
Khalil Dabbagh Khalil Dabbagh 1916 - 1969 Overthrowing the Iraqi monarchy
Yusuf Salman Yusuf Yusuf Salman Yusuf 1901 - 1949 First secretary of the Iraqi Communist Party
Sultan Hashim Ahmad al Tai Sultan Hashim Ahmad al Tai 1945 - 2010 Minister of Defense and Interior
George Ovadiah George Ovadiah 1925 - 1996 Bourekas film director, producer and scriptwriter
Abu Nuwas Abu Nuwas 756 - 814 Poet, satirist, courtier of the Abbasid caliphate
Abu Bakr al Baghdadi Abu Bakr al Baghdadi 1971 - 2019 Leader of the Islamic State
Saib Shawkat Saib Shawkat 1898 - 1984 Dean of the Iraqi Royal College of Medicine
Paul II Cheikho Paul II Cheikho 1906 - 1989 Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans
Jabir ibn Hayyan Jabir ibn Hayyan 721 - 815 Alchemist and philosopher
Maeda Nazhat Maeda Nazhat 1955 - 2017 Singer
Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi 920 - 980 Author of Kitab al-Fusul fi al-Hisab al-Hindi
Rifat Chadirji Rifat Chadirji 1926 - 2020 Father of modern Iraqi architecture
Hashem Muhammad al Baghdadi Hashem Muhammad al Baghdadi 1917 - 1973 Documenting the modernization
Hammurabi Hammurabi -1810 - -1750 King of Babylon
Abd alnHusayn Sharaf al Din al Musawi Abd alnHusayn Sharaf al Din al Musawi 1872 - 1957 Shia scholar and reformer
Abraham Yahuda Abraham Yahuda 1877 - 1951 Writer, linguist, teacher, researcher, collector
Ovadia Yosef Ovadia Yosef 1920 - 2013 Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel
Anwar Shaul Anwar Shaul 1904 - 1977 Poet and activist for Iraqi independence
Tawfiq al Suwaidi Tawfiq al Suwaidi 1892 - 1968 Prime Minister of Iraq
Abdulahad AbdulNour Abdulahad AbdulNour 1889 - 1945 Leader of the Golden Square group
Salim Al Basri Salim Al Basri 1926 - 1997 Playing Haji Radhi in Tahit Moos Al-Hallaq
Nazem al Ghazali Nazem al Ghazali 1921 - 1963 Iraqi maqam singer
Ghazi of Iraq Ghazi of Iraq 1912 - 1939 King of Iraq
Ammo Baba Ammo Baba 1934 - 2009 Iraq national football team manager
Ahmad al Safi al Najafi Ahmad al Safi al Najafi 1897 - 1977 Poet ,activist for Iraqi independence
Abdallah Somekh Abdallah Somekh 1813 - 1889 Rosh yeshiva and posek of Iraqi Jewry
Shahab ud Din Mar ashi Najafi Shahab ud Din Mar ashi Najafi 1897 - 1990 Shia jurist and marja'
Haydar al Sadr Haydar al Sadr 1891 - 1937 Islamic scholar and astronomer
Hussein Kamel al Majid Hussein Kamel al Majid 1954 - 1966 President of Iraq
Murad al Daghistani Murad al Daghistani 1917 - 1982 Documenting the modernization
Fadhil Barwari Fadhil Barwari 1950 - 2021 general and liaison with UN weapons inspectors
Talib Al Naqib Talib Al Naqib 1862 - 1929 Prime Minister of Iraq
Hagop Hagopian Hagop Hagopian 1951 - 1988 Founder and leader of ASALA
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Top 10 Died Influential People

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  • 1. Faisal I of Iraq

    Died: 1933 A.D
    Slogan: We are the sons of the Arab nation and its sacred mission.

    Faisal I of Iraq was the King of Iraq from 1921 to 1933 and the King of Syria in 1920. He was the son of Hussein bin Ali, the Sharif of Mecca, and a leader of the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire during World War I. He was proclaimed king of Syria by the Syrian National Congress in 1920, but was expelled by the French shortly after. He then became the king of Iraq under the British mandate, and negotiated the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930, which granted Iraq independence while maintaining British influence. He was a proponent of pan-Arabism and supported the Hashemite dynasty in Iraq and Jordan. He died of a heart attack in Bern, Switzerland, in 1933, and was succeeded by his son Ghazi. He is considered one of the most influential figures in modern Iraqi history and a symbol of Iraqi nationalism.

  • 2. Faisal II of Iraq

    Died: 1958 A.D
    Slogan: We are the sons of the Arab nation and its sacred mission.

    Faisal II of Iraq was the last King of Iraq, who reigned from 4 April 1939 until 14 July 1958, when he was killed during the 14 July Revolution. This regicide marked the end of the thirty-seven-year-old Hashemite monarchy in Iraq, which then became a republic. He was the grandson of Faisal I and the great-grandson of Hussein ibn Ali, former sharif of Mecca and king of the Hejaz. He became king of Iraq at the age of three after his father was killed in a car crash. His uncle Prince 'Abd al-Ilah served as regent until Faisal came of age in 1953. He attended Harrow School in England with his cousin Hussein, the future King of Jordan. He supported the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930, which granted independence to Iraq but maintained substantial British influence. He also advocated for Arab unity and supported the Hashemite dynasty in Iraq and Jordan. He formed the Arab Federation with Jordan in February 1958, but it was short-lived. In July 1958, a group of Iraqi army officers led by Abd al-Karim Qasim staged a coup d'état and overthrew the monarchy. Faisal was executed along with several members of his family in the royal palace. He is considered one of the most influential figures in modern Iraqi history and a symbol of Iraqi nationalism.

  • 3. Abdallah Somekh

    Died: 1889 A.D
    Slogan: The Torah is the source of life

    Abdallah Somekh was a prominent rabbi and posek who lived in Baghdad, Iraq. He was born in 1813 to a family of sayyids who traced their lineage to Nissim Gaon. He studied under Rabbi Jacob ben Joseph Harofe and became a ritual slaughterer, circumciser, and scribe. He was the rosh yeshiva of Midrash Bet Zilkha, which was established by him and his influential students, such as Yosef Hayyim (the Ben Ish Chai) and Yaakov Chaim Sofer (the Kaf HaChaim). He issued a great number of rulings, particularly in matters of shechita and treifot. These rulings have been published in the work Zibhei Tzedek, which became the handbook for Baghdadi Jews throughout India and the Far East. He also authored responsa on all of the Shulchan Aruch. He died in 1889 during the cholera pandemic. He was the ancestor of several prominent rabbis, such as Ezra Reuben Dangoor, the chief rabbi of Rangoon, and Nissim Dangoor, the founder of the Babylonian Jewry Heritage Center.

  • 4. Talib Al Naqib

    Died: 1929 A.D
    Slogan: The Arab nation is one nation and its land is one.

    Talib Al-Naqib was an Iraqi politician and writer who became the first Minister of Interior in Iraq. He was a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad and belonged to a prominent family of nobles in Basra. He served as an Ottoman representative, governor of al-Hasa, and member of the Ottoman parliament. He supported the pan-Arab movement and opposed the Committee of Union and Progress. He was exiled to India by the British after they occupied Basra, but later returned to Iraq and became a candidate for the crown of Iraq. He was rejected in favor of Faysal, son of Husayn of Mecca, and was later banished again by the Ba'athist regime. He died in Germany in 1929.

  • 5. Yosef Hayyim

    Died: 1909 A.D
    Slogan: The Torah is the tree of life, and he who clings to it will be blessed.

    Yosef Hayyim was born in Baghdad, Iraq, on November 1, 1834. He was a descendant of a prominent rabbinic family that traced its lineage to the exilarchs of Babylon. He studied Torah from a young age with his father, who was a renowned scholar and kabbalist. He also learned from his uncle, David Hai Ben Meir, and his mentor, Abdallah Somekh. He married Rachel, the niece of Somekh, in 1851 and had three children. He became the leader of the Jewish community of Baghdad after his father's death in 1859, although he never held the official title of Hakham Bashi. He was widely respected as a great authority on halakha (Jewish law) and kabbalah (Jewish mysticism). He wrote many books and responsa on various topics, but his most famous work is Ben Ish Hai, a collection of halakhic rulings and kabbalistic teachings arranged according to the weekly Torah portions. He addressed the book to the masses, using simple language and examples from everyday life. He also included many customs and practices that he derived from the Zohar and other mystical sources. The book became very popular among the Sephardi Jews, especially in the Middle East, and is still widely studied and followed today. Yosef Hayyim was also known for his piety, humility, and generosity. He helped the poor and the needy, and supported many Torah institutions. He was also involved in the ecumenical dialogue with other Jewish communities, and corresponded with many rabbis from different countries. He died in Baghdad, Iraq, on August 30, 1909, and was buried in the city's Jewish cemetery. He is regarded as one of the greatest Sephardi rabbis of all time, and is often referred to by the name of his magnum opus, Ben Ish Hai.

  • 6. Al Hariri of Basra

    Died: 1122 A.D
    Slogan: Until the last day of my life, im gonna write poets.

    Al-Hariri of Basra was an Arab poet, scholar of the Arabic language and a high government official of the Seljuk Empire. He was born near Basra, Iraq, and studied Arabic literature in Baghdad. He was influenced by the free verse of Shathel Taqa and Abd al-Wahhab Al-Bayyati and was also involved in politics from an early age. He joined the Iraqi Communist Party and was imprisoned several times for his opposition to the Ba'ath regime. He left Iraq in 1979 and lived in exile in many countries, including Algeria, Lebanon, France, Greece, Cyprus, and finally London. He was considered one of the most important contemporary poets in the Arab world and published thirty volumes of poetry in addition to seven books of prose. He also translated many well-known writers into Arabic, such as Oktay Rifat, Melih Cevdet Anday, Garcia Lorca, Yiannis Ritsos, Walt Whitman and Constantine Cavafy. He received many awards and honors for his literary work, such as the Al Owais Prize for poetry in 2004. He died of cancer on June 13, 2021, and was buried on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery in London.

  • 7. Mirza Muhammad Ali

    Died: 1913 A.D
    Slogan: The past is not dead, it is alive in the present

    Mírzá Muhammad ʻAlí was an Ottoman generalissimo and statesman, who was an important political figure during the Second Constitutional Era. He graduated from the Cadet School in Constantinople as a staff captain in 1882 and served on the general staff of the Ministry of War. He joined a commission sent to Germany to supervise the manufacture of war matériel for the Ottoman army and worked as an assistant to Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz. He rose through the ranks and achieved the rank of general in 1886. He became the commander of the 3rd Army at Salonika in 1908, after the Young Turk Revolution that brought the Committee of Union and Progress to power. In 1909, he crushed a religious uprising against the Young Turk government, known as the 31st of March Incident, and deposed the sultan, who favoured a return to absolutism. He then became the inspector general of the first three army corps and minister of war, acquiring a position of great strength. He played a leading role in military reform and the establishment of the Ottoman Air Force. He also participated in several wars and conflicts, such as the Macedonian Struggle, the Albanian Revolt of 1910, the Yemeni Revolt, and the First Balkan War. In January 1913, when a group of army officers led by Enver Pasha overthrew the government of the Liberal Union Party and restored the Committee of Union and Progress to power, Shevket became grand vizier. He was assassinated six months later by a group of assassins in Istanbul. He was a respected scholar and a pioneer in his field. He was of Georgian or Chechen origin and spoke Turkish, Arabic, French, and German.

  • 8. Saddam Hussein

    Died: 2006 A.D
    Slogan: The great duel, the mother of all battles has begun.

    Saddam Hussein was the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. He was born in a village near Tikrit in 1937 to a poor peasant family. He joined the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in 1957 and became involved in several coup attempts against the Iraqi monarchy and the pro-Western government. He rose to power in 1979 when he ousted his mentor, President Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, and assumed the presidency. He ruled Iraq with an iron fist, suppressing any opposition and dissent with brutal force. He also pursued an ambitious program of economic development, modernization, and secularization. He started the Iran-Iraq War in 1980, hoping to gain control of the oil-rich region, but the war ended in a stalemate after eight years of bloody fighting. He also invaded Kuwait in 1990, triggering the Gulf War, in which a U.S.-led coalition drove his forces out of Kuwait and imposed a trade embargo and sanctions on Iraq. He remained defiant and refused to comply with the UN resolutions that demanded the destruction of his weapons of mass destruction. He faced several uprisings by the Kurds and the Shiites, who sought autonomy or independence from his regime. He also faced the threat of the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, which aimed to topple him and establish a democratic government. He went into hiding after the fall of Baghdad, but was captured by the U.S. forces in December 2003. He was tried by an Iraqi special tribunal for crimes against humanity, genocide, and war crimes. He was found guilty of ordering the execution of 148 Shiites in the town of Dujail in 1982, and was sentenced to death by hanging. He was executed on 30 December 2006 in Camp Justice, a former military base in Baghdad. He is widely regarded as one of the most notorious and ruthless dictators of the 20th century.

  • 9. Ignatius Peter IV

    Died: 1894 A.D
    Slogan: The church is the body of Christ, and we are its members.

    Ignatius Peter IV was born in Mosul, Iraq, in 1798. He became a monk and a priest at the Monastery of Mor Hananyo, where he received a good education in Syriac and Arabic. He was ordained as the metropolitan bishop of Damascus in 1846 by Patriarch Ignatius Elias II. He was a strong defender of the Syriac Orthodox Church's rights and properties, and he recovered many ancient churches and monasteries from the Syriac Catholic Church. He also allegedly consecrated a French Presbyterian minister as a bishop for the Western mission, but this is disputed by some historians. He was elected as the Patriarch of Antioch in 1872, after the death of Patriarch Ignatius Jacob II. He moved to Constantinople, where he obtained official recognition from the Ottoman government. He also visited England, where he appealed to the British government for the protection of the Syriac Christians in India, who were facing problems from a reformist metropolitan. He ordained many bishops and priests, and reformed the church administration and liturgy. He wrote many books and letters on theology, history, and spirituality. He died in Mardin, Turkey, on October 8, 1894, and was buried at the Monastery of Mor Hananyo. He is remembered as one of the most influential and respected patriarchs of the Syriac Orthodox Church.

  • 10. Abu Mansur al Baghdadi

    Died: 1037 A.D
    Slogan: The truth is one, and the paths to it are many

    Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi was an Islamic scholar and mathematician who wrote about different systems of arithmetic in a work of great importance in the history of mathematics. He was born in Baghdad around 980 and belonged to the Banu Tamim tribe and the Shafi'i school of religious law. He studied Islamic sciences in Nishapur and taught 17 subjects, including law, usul, arithmetic, law of inheritance and theology. He was dismissed from his teaching position for being a member of the Iraqi Communist Party and moved to Asfirayin, where he taught and studied in the mosque. He wrote several books and treatises on various topics, such as theology, jurisprudence, history, and dialogue. His most famous work is al-Takmila fi'l-Hisab, a treatise in which he considers different systems of arithmetic derived from counting on the fingers, the sexagesimal system, and the arithmetic of the Indian numerals and fractions. He also considers the arithmetic of irrational numbers and business arithmetic. He stresses the benefits of each of the systems but seems to favour the Indian numerals. He also wrote Kitab fi'l-misaha, a work on the measurement of lengths, areas and volumes. He died in 1037 in Isfarayin, Iran. He is remembered as one of the most influential Islamic scholars and mathematicians of his time.

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