Al-Kamil Nasir ad-Din Muhammad

Al-Kamil was a Kurdish Muslim ruler and the fourth Ayyubid sultan of Egypt. He was the son of Al-Adil I, a brother of Saladin, the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. He became the viceroy of Egypt in 1200 and succeeded his father as sultan in 1218. He was known for his diplomatic skills and his relations with the Crusaders. He defeated the Fifth Crusade by defending Damietta, but later negotiated a peace treaty with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, giving him control of Jerusalem and other lands in 1229. He also maintained friendly contacts with the Mongols and tried to mediate between them and the Abbasids. He died in Damascus in 1238 and was succeeded by his son As-Salih Ayyub.