Katharina von Bora

Katharina von Bora was a former nun who married Martin Luther, the leader of the Protestant Reformation in Germany. She was a significant figure in the Reformation for her role in supporting Luther's work and establishing a new model of family life for Protestants. Katharina was born into a noble family in Saxony, but her exact birthplace and parents are uncertain. She was sent to a convent at the age of five and later transferred to another one in Nimbschen, where her aunt was the abbess. She received a good education and learned Latin, German, and religious studies. In 1523, she and several other nuns escaped from the convent with the help of Luther, who had challenged the Catholic Church's doctrines and practices. Luther tried to find suitable husbands or jobs for the escaped nuns, but Katharina refused several proposals. She eventually expressed her desire to marry Luther himself, who agreed after overcoming his initial reluctance. Their marriage in 1525 was a scandalous event, as it broke the vow of celibacy that both of them had taken as monks and nuns. It also set an example for other Protestant clergy to marry and have families. Katharina and Luther had six children and adopted four more. Katharina managed the household, which included a large farm, a brewery, a hospital, and a hostel for students and visitors. She also helped Luther with his writings and correspondence, and nursed him during his illnesses. Katharina was a strong-willed and intelligent woman who earned Luther's respect and affection. She also faced many hardships and challenges, such as the death of two children, the threat of war and persecution, the loss of property and income, and the disputes among Luther's followers. She survived Luther by six years and died of a stroke in 1552. She was buried next to him in St. Mary's Church in Torgau. Katharina von Bora is regarded as a pioneer of the Reformation and an influential figure in the history of Christianity. She is honored as a saint by some Lutheran churches and commemorated on December 20.