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Maria d'Apparecida Maria d'Apparecida 1926 - 2017 Abstract painter
Cao Yu Cao Yu 1910 - 1996 dramatist of modern Chinese spoken
Mulla Effendi Mulla Effendi 1778 - 1855 Islamic scholar and astronomer
Sriwati Masmundari Sriwati Masmundari 1904 - 2005 Topeng dancer and damar kurung painter
Honnappa Bhagavathar Honnappa Bhagavathar 1915 - 1992 Theatre and film actor, producer, musician
John Lie Tjeng Tjoan John Lie Tjeng Tjoan 1911 - 1988 Commander of Indonesian Navy during
Laura Esther Rodriguez Dulanto Laura Esther Rodriguez Dulanto 1872 - 1919 Physician
Mimar Sinan Mimar Sinan 1488 - 1588 Chief Ottoman architect and civil engineer
Yvonne Sanson Yvonne Sanson 1925 - 2003 Melodrama star
Zoran Music Zoran Music 1909 - 2005 Painter
Jose Marcio Ayres Jose Marcio Ayres 1954 - 2003 Primatologist and conservationist
Julio Cesar Tello Julio Cesar Tello 1880 - 1947 Archaeologist
Alojz Knafelc Alojz Knafelc 1859 - 1937 Cartographer, Mountaineer
Martin Luther Martin Luther 1483 - 1546 Initiator of the Protestant Reformation
Zygmunt Bauman Zygmunt Bauman 1925 - 2017 Sociologist and philosopher
Carmen Alardin Carmen Alardin 1933 - 2014 Poet
Hussein Kamel al Majid Hussein Kamel al Majid 1954 - 1966 President of Iraq
Rudaki Rudaki 858 - 940 The first major poet to write in New Persian
Ho Ying-chin Ho Ying-chin 1890 - 1987 Premier of the Republic of China
Jernej Sugman Jernej Sugman 1968 - 2017 Actor
Tevfik Fikret Tevfik Fikret 1867 - 1915 Founder of the modern school of Turkish poetry
Anatoly Lunacharsky Anatoly Lunacharsky 1875 - 1933 First Soviet People's Commissar of Education
Solon Solon -560 - -630 Reformer of Athens and founder of democracy
Margaret Morris Margaret Morris 1891 - 1980 Dancer and choreographer
Miguel Aleman Valdes Miguel Aleman Valdes 1900 - 1983 President of Mexico (1946-1952)
Elis Regina Elis Regina 1945 - 1982 Singer of bossa nova, MPB, and jazz
Egil Monn-Iversen Egil Monn-Iversen 1928 - 2017 Composer, conductor, arranger, film producer
Abdul Qadir Abdul Qadir 1955 - 2019 Leg spin bowler
Hara Patnaik Hara Patnaik 1958 - 2015 Actor, director, screenplay writer, singer
Neco Muko Neco Muko 1899 - 1934 Singer and composer
Yen Chia kan Yen Chia kan 1905 - 1993 President of the Republic of China
Major Muhammad Akram Shaheed Major Muhammad Akram Shaheed 1938 - 1971 Recipient of Nishan-e-Haider
Hijab Imtiaz Ali Hijab Imtiaz Ali 1908 - 1999 Writer, editor, pilot
Emil Zegadlowicz Emil Zegadlowicz 1888 - 1941 Expressionist poet and novelist
Bujor Nedelcovici Bujor Nedelcovici 1936 - 2023 Novelist
Titos Vandis Titos Vandis 1917 - 2003 Stage and screen actor
Sir Arthur Charles Clarke Sir Arthur Charles Clarke 1917 - 2008 Science fiction writer, science writer, inventor
Abanindranath Tagore Abanindranath Tagore 1871 - 1951 Painter and writer
Shaikh Ayaz Shaikh Ayaz 1923 - 1997 Short story writer
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz Heinrich Rudolf Hertz 1857 - 1894 Discovering radio waves
Necho II Necho II -664 - -595 Pharaoh of the 26th Dynasty
Haruma Miura Haruma Miura 1990 - 2020 Actor and singer
Saadi Shirazi Saadi Shirazi 1210 - 1291 Persian poet and prose writer
Cristian Vasile Cristian Vasile 1908 - 1974 Romanian Singer
Nur Muhammad Taraki Nur Muhammad Taraki 1917 - 1979 Politician, Journalist, Writer
Moon Bin Moon Bin 1998 - 2023 K-pop idol
Demetrios Chalkokondyles Demetrios Chalkokondyles 1423 - 1511 Greek scholar and professor
Pyotr Vologodsky Pyotr Vologodsky 1863 - 1915 Finance minister and prime minister
Meng Tian Meng Tian -300 - -210 general and architect
Jean Paul Sartre Jean Paul Sartre 1905 - 1980
Nils Slaatto Nils Slaatto 1923 - 2001 Architect
Jacques Davy Duperron Jacques Davy Duperron 1556 - 1618 Cardinal and diplomat
Essam al-Buwaydhani Essam al-Buwaydhani 1971 - 2019 Rebel leader of Jaysh al-Islam
Wang Shimin Wang Shimin 1592 - 1680 Landscape painter and theorist
Al-Kamil Nasir ad-Din Muhammad Al-Kamil Nasir ad-Din Muhammad 1177 - 1238 Sultan of Egypt and Syria
Ignacio Lopez Tarso Ignacio Lopez Tarso 1925 - 2023 Actor of stage, film and television
Ciril Cvetko Ciril Cvetko 1920 - 1999 composer, conductor
Dinu C. Giurescu Dinu C. Giurescu 1927 - 2018 Historian
Pumpuang Duangjan Pumpuang Duangjan 1961 - 1992 Singer, Actress
Claude Debussy Claude Debussy 1862 - 1918 Author of The Little Prince
Sabbatai Zevi Sabbatai Zevi 1626 - 1676 Jewish mystic and messianic claimant
Jan Mohammad Baloch Jan Mohammad Baloch 1950 - 2012 Boxer and coach
Michael Ende Michael Ende 1929 - 1995 Writer of fantasy and children's fiction
John sans terre,king of England John sans terre,king of England 1167 - 1216 King of England
Fernando Rey Fernando Rey 1917 - 1994 Actor
Gustav Stresemann Gustav Stresemann 1878 - 1929 Chancellor
Vladimir Subic Vladimir Subic 1894 - 1946 Architect
Vladimir Favorsky Vladimir Favorsky 1886 - 1964 Graphic artist, woodcut illustrator, art critic
Nostradamus Nostradamus 1503 - 1566 Astrologer and physician
Cynthia Okereke Cynthia Okereke 1960 - 2023 Nollywood actress
Omran al-Zoubi Omran al-Zoubi 1959 - 2018 Minister of Information in the Government of Syria
Clement Juglar Clement Juglar 1819 - 1905 Business cycle theory
Rupprecht Maria Luitpold Ferdinand Rupprecht Maria Luitpold Ferdinand 1869 - 1955 Heir to the Bavarian throne
Thutmose II Thutmose II -1510 - -1479 King of Egypt
Hisham al Hashimi Hisham al Hashimi 1973 - 2020 Researcher and expert on armed groups
Martin O'Hagan Martin O'Hagan 1950 - 2001 Investigative journalist
Zbigniew Brzezinski Zbigniew Brzezinski 1928 - 2017 National Security Advisor
Konstantin Bogaevsky Konstantin Bogaevsky 1872 - 1943 Painter
Marcel Duchamp Marcel Duchamp 1887 - 1968 Painter, sculptor, chess player, writer
Palissery Narayanankutty Menon Palissery Narayanankutty Menon 1926 - 2008 director and art director in Malayalam cinema
Qandeel Baloch Qandeel Baloch 1990 - 2016 Social media celebrity, model, actress, singer
Marlene Dietrich Marlene Dietrich 1901 - 1992 Movie star and cabaret performer
Uesugi Kenshin Uesugi Kenshin 1530 - 1578 Ruler of Echigo province and Kanto Kanrei
Niccolo Machiavelli Niccolo Machiavelli 1469 - 1527 diplomat, author, philosopher
Vibhavadi Rangsit Vibhavadi Rangsit 1920 - 1977 Writer, Royal Family Member
Majid Jahangir Majid Jahangir 1949 - 2023 Comic actor
Jigoro Kano Jigoro Kano 1860 - 1938 Founder of judo and first Asian member of the IOC
Mina Mangal Mina Mangal 1992 - 2019 Political Advisor
Victoria Louise of Prussia Victoria Louise of Prussia 1892 - 1980 Princess of Prussia and Duchess of Brunswick
Vasili Pukirev Vasili Pukirev 1832 - 1890 Russian genre painter
Howard Walter Florey Howard Walter Florey 1898 - 1968 Pharmacologist and pathologist who isolated
Bassel al-Assad Bassel al-Assad 1962 - 1994 Engineer, colonel, politician
Yasuhiro Nakasone Yasuhiro Nakasone 1918 - 2019 Prime Minister of Japan
Aristides Leao Aristides Leao 1914 - 1993 experimental physicist
Bui Diem Bui Diem 1923 - 2021 Ambassador
Sessue Hayakawa Sessue Hayakawa 1886 - 1973 Silent film star and Academy Award nominee
Hannah Arendt Hannah Arendt 1906 - 1975 Political theorist, philosopher
Branka Jurca Branka Jurca 1914 - 1999 Writer
Frances Power Cobbe Frances Power Cobbe 1822 - 1904 Writer, philosopher, social reformer
Confucius Confucius -551 - -479
Gertrude the Great Gertrude the Great 1256 - 1302 Benedictine nun and mystic writer
Konstantinos Tsiklitiras Konstantinos Tsiklitiras 1888 - 1913 Olympic champion in standing long jump
Ray McAnally Ray McAnally 1926 - 1989 Actor
Pralhad Keshav Atre Pralhad Keshav Atre 1898 - 1969 Writer, poet, educationist, founder–editor
Eusebio da Silva Ferreira Eusebio da Silva Ferreira 1942 - 2014 Footballer
Manuel Esperon Manuel Esperon 1911 - 2011 Composer and songwriter for Mexican films
Kaneto Shindo Kaneto Shindo 1912 - 2012 Film director, screenwriter, film producer, writer
Krzysztof Gawedzki Krzysztof Gawedzki 1947 - 2022 Mathematical physics
Osmund of Salisbury Osmund of Salisbury 1030 - 1099 Bishop of Salisbury and Lord Chancellor of England
Walter Penaloza Walter Penaloza 1920 - 2005 Educator
Hamid bin Muhammad bin Ruzayq Hamid bin Muhammad bin Ruzayq 1783 - 1874 Historian, Poet
Bassel Shehadeh Bassel Shehadeh 1984 - 2012 Documentary filmmaker and IT engineer
Wang Yuanqi Wang Yuanqi 1642 - 1715 Landscape painter and theorist
Leonid Pitamic Leonid Pitamic 1885 - 1971 Lawyer, Diplomat
Emperor Tenji Emperor Tenji 626 - 672 Emperor of Japan, government reformer
Shabbir Rana Shabbir Rana 1952 - 2023 Film, television and stage actor, director
Antoinette Waroh Antoinette Waroh 1901 - 1991 Parliament member of East Indonesia
Khairy Alzahaby Khairy Alzahaby 1946 - 2022 Novelist, thinker, historian, columnist
Grigore Moisil Grigore Moisil 1906 - 1973 Mathematician, Computer Scientist
Yildirim Akbulut Yildirim Akbulut 1935 - 2021 Prime Minister of Turkey
Graham Kennedy Graham Kennedy 1934 - 2005 Entertainer, comedian and variety performer
Farhad Humayun Farhad Humayun 1978 - 2021 Founder and lead vocalist of Overload
Khalilullah Khalili Khalilullah Khalili 1907 - 1987 Poet, Historian
Wang Renmei Wang Renmei 1914 - 1987 Actress and singer
Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem 1847 - 1914 Writer, poet, literary critic, teacher
Rimma Kazakova Rimma Kazakova 1932 - 2008 Estrada singer and comic actor
Eta Boeriu Eta Boeriu 1923 - 1984 Poet, Literary Critic, Translator
Fiona Stanley Fiona Stanley 1946 - 2020 Epidemiologist and public health researcher
Frederic Bastiat Frederic Bastiat 1801 - 1850 Economic journalist and advocate of free trade
Shin Kyuk-ho Shin Kyuk-ho 1921 - 2020 Founder of Lotte Corporation
Arthur Ernest Percival Arthur Ernest Percival 1887 - 1966 British Army officer
Khalid Saeed Butt Khalid Saeed Butt 1948 - 2023 Painter and miniaturist
Vera Kholodnaya Vera Kholodnaya 1893 - 1919 silent film star
Julio Cesar de Mello e Souza Julio Cesar de Mello e Souza 1895 - 1974 writing books on recreational mathematics
So Sethaputra So Sethaputra 1904 - 1970 Writer, Lexicographer, Political Prisoner
Basarab I Basarab I 1270 - 1352 Voivode of Wallachia
John Ching Hsiung Wu John Ching Hsiung Wu 1899 - 1986 Jurist, author and translator
Sahal Mahfudh Sahal Mahfudh 1937 - 2014 Islamic leader and scholar
Adedigba Mukaila Adedigba Mukaila 1950 - 2023 Nollywood actor and director
Graciliano Ramos Graciliano Ramos 1892 - 1953 Novelist and short story writer
Kim Larsen Kim Larsen 1945 - 2018 Singer and musician
Ellen Louks Fairclough Ellen Louks Fairclough 1905 - 2004 Politician
Costica Acsinte Costica Acsinte 1897 - 1984 War photographer
Ivo Caprino Ivo Caprino 1920 - 2001 Puppet films
Alojz Gradnik Alojz Gradnik 1882 - 1967 Poet and Translator
Pedro Armendariz Pedro Armendariz 1912 - 1963 Film actor
Francis Chit Francis Chit 1830 - 1891 Photographer
Ossy Chinedu Prestige Ossy Chinedu Prestige 1965 - 2021 Businessman and legislator
Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi 718 - 786 Lexicographer
Chinua Achebe Chinua Achebe 1930 - 2013 Novelist and professor
Creat A Memorial Profile

Top 10 Died Influential People

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  • 1. William Shakespeare

    Died: 1616 A.D
    Slogan: The rest is silence.

    William Shakespeare was a renowned English poet, playwright, and actor born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. His birthday is most commonly celebrated on 23 April (see When was Shakespeare born ), which is also believed to be the date he died in 1616. Shakespeare was a prolific writer during the Elizabethan and Jacobean ages of British theatre (sometimes called the English Renaissance or the Early Modern Period). Shakespeare’s plays are perhaps his most enduring legacy, but they are not all he wrote. Shakespeare’s poems also remain popular to this day. Shakespeare's family were granted a coat of arms in 1596: it is thought that it was the influence of William Shakespeare that brought that about. It is likely that both William Shakespeare’s parents – John and Mary – were illiterate. John used a pair of glover’s compasses as his signature and Mary used a running horse. Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as some of the best works produced in these genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until 1608, among them Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, all considered to be among the finest works in the English language. In the last phase of his life, he wrote tragicomedies (also known as romances) and collaborated with other playwrights. Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime. However, in 1623, John Heminges and Henry Condell, two fellow actors and friends of Shakespeare's, published a more definitive text known as the First Folio, a posthumous collected edition of Shakespeare's dramatic works that includes 36 of his plays. Its Preface was a prescient poem by Ben Jonson, a former rival of Shakespeare, that hailed Shakespeare with the now famous epithet: not of an age, but for all time.

    William Shakespeare Profile

  • 2. Qaboos bin Said al Said

    Died: 2020 A.D
    Slogan: We are friends to all and enemies to none.

    Qaboos bin Said al Said was the Sultan of Oman from 1970 until his death in 2020. He was a fifteenth-generation descendant of the founder of the House of Al Said and was the longest-serving leader in the Middle East and Arab world at the time of his death. Educated in England, he served briefly in the British Army before returning to Oman. After overthrowing his father in a coup d'état, he implemented policies of modernization and ended Oman's international isolation. His reign saw a rise in living standards and development in the country, the abolition of slavery, the end of the Dhofar Rebellion, and the promulgation of Oman's constitution.

    Qaboos bin Said al Said Profile

  • 3. Nicolaus Copernicus

    Died: 1543 A.D
    Slogan: Mathematics is written for mathematicians.

    Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance polymath who revolutionized astronomy by proposing that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the solar system. He also made contributions to mathematics, economics, medicine, and canon law. He studied at various universities in Poland and Italy, where he learned classical languages, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. He became a canon of the Warmian Cathedral chapter and a doctor of canon law. He also served as a diplomat, governor, and administrator for the church and the Polish king. He spent most of his life in Royal Prussia, a semi-autonomous region of the Kingdom of Poland. He wrote his magnum opus, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), in which he presented his heliocentric theory, over several decades. He delayed publishing it until 1543, the year of his death, fearing the criticism and controversy it would provoke. His book was banned by the Catholic Church and condemned by Protestant theologians, but it also inspired many later astronomers and scientists, such as Galileo, Kepler, Descartes, and Newton, who built on his ideas and developed the modern scientific worldview. Copernicus is widely regarded as one of the greatest astronomers and one of the fathers of modern science.

    Nicolaus Copernicus Profile

  • 4. Guangzong

    Died: 1200 A.D
    Slogan: To inherit the auspiciousness

    Guangzong was the 12th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the third emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He was the third son of his predecessor, Emperor Xiaozong. His mother was Emperor Xiaozong's first wife, Lady Guo, who was posthumously honoured as "Empress Chengmu". His reign was relatively peaceful, but his lack of filial piety eventually made officials replace him with his son Emperor Ningzong. Guangzong suffered from bipolar disorder or severe neurosis since his childhood, but he was reportedly filial to his father. He was crowned as the heir apparent in 1168 and succeeded his father in 1189. He named his reign "Shaoxi", meaning "to inherit the auspiciousness". He also renamed the city of Chongqing, meaning "double celebration", to commemorate his coronation and his father's abdication. Guangzong was influenced by his wife Empress Li Fengniang, who became notorious in Chinese history for being ruthless and shrewd, and for ruling the state through her husband, who became known as a "henpecked weakling" dominated by his wife. Guangzong neglected his duties and indulged in drinking and pleasure. He also listened to some treacherous officials and dismissed the popular military leader Xin Qiji. He alienated his father and even refused to perform state funeral rites when the retired emperor died, which shocked the court. In 1194, Guangzong fell ill and became mentally unstable. He was unable to handle state affairs and was controlled by Empress Li and her brother Li Sheng. The court officials were dissatisfied with the situation and plotted to depose Guangzong. In 1195, they forced Guangzong to abdicate in favor of his eldest son Zhao Kuo, who became Emperor Ningzong. Guangzong was given the title of "Retired Emperor" and lived in seclusion until his death in 1200. He was buried in Yongchong Mausoleum in present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang.

    Guangzong Profile

  • 5. Plato

    Died: -347 A.D
    Slogan: The measure of a man is what he does with power.

    Plato was a philosopher in ancient Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered one of the most important figures in Western philosophy. Plato was a student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle. He wrote numerous philosophical dialogues, including The Republic, which presents his vision of an ideal society. Plato's philosophy covers a wide range of topics, including ethics, politics, metaphysics, and epistemology. His ideas continue to be studied and debated to this day.Little is known about Plato's early life and education. He belonged to an aristocratic and influential family. Based on ancient sources, modern scholars believe he was born in Athens or Aegina, between 428[10] and 423 BC. The exact time and place of birth are unknown. He was known to have worn earrings and finger rings during his youth to stand out and make himself look distinguished.The extent of Plato's affinity for jewelry while young was even characterized as "decadent" by Sextus Empiricus. Plato gives little biographical information, but refers at various points to some of his relatives with a great degree of precision, including his brothers, Adeimantus, and Glaucon, in the Plato's Republic. These and other references make it possible to reconstruct Plato's family tree.[15] Plato may have travelled in Italy, Sicily, Egypt, and Cyrene,[16] but at 40, Plato founded a school of philosophy in Athens, the Academy, on a plot of land in the Grove of Hecademus or Academus,[17] named after Academus, an Attic hero in Greek mythology. The Academy operated until it was destroyed by Sulla in 84 BC. Many philosophers studied at the Academy, the most prominent being Aristotle. According to Diogenes Laertius, throughout his later life, Plato became entangled with the politics of the city of Syracuse, where he attempted to replace the tyrant Dionysius,[20] with Dionysius's brother-in-law, Dion of Syracuse, whom Plato had recruited as one of his followers, but the tyrant himself turned against Plato. Plato almost faced death, but was sold into slavery. Anniceris, a Cyrenaic philosopher, bought Plato's freedom for twenty minas, and sent him home. After Dionysius's death, according to Plato's Seventh Letter, Dion requested Plato return to Syracuse to tutor Dionysius II, who seemed to accept Plato's teachings, but eventually became suspicious of their motives, expelling Dion and holding Plato against his will. Eventually Plato left Syracuse and Dion would return to overthrow Dionysius and rule Syracuse, before being usurped by Callippus, a fellow disciple of Plato. A variety of sources have given accounts of Plato's death. One story, based on a mutilated manuscript,[22] suggests Plato died in his bed, whilst a young Thracian girl played the flute to him. Another tradition suggests Plato died at a wedding feast. The account is based on Diogenes Laertius's reference to an account by Hermippus, a third-century Alexandrian. According to Tertullian, Plato simply died in his sleep.

    Plato Profile

  • 6. Abraham Lincoln

    Died: 1865 A.D
    Slogan:

    Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, who led the nation through the Civil War and abolished slavery. He was born in a log cabin in Kentucky in 1809, and grew up in poverty on the frontier. He taught himself to read and write, and became a lawyer and a politician. He joined the new Republican Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery, and became famous for his debates with Stephen A. Douglas in 1858. He ran for president in 1860, and won with a majority of electoral votes, but not popular votes. His election triggered the secession of several Southern states, who formed the Confederate States of America. Lincoln refused to recognize their independence, and declared war to preserve the Union. Lincoln faced many challenges and difficulties during the war, both on the battlefield and on the home front. He had to deal with divided public opinion, political rivals, incompetent generals, and personal tragedies. He also had to balance his own moral convictions with the practical realities of war. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, which declared that all enslaved people in the rebel states were free. He also supported the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the entire country. He delivered some of the most memorable speeches in American history, such as the Gettysburg Address and the Second Inaugural Address, which expressed his vision of democracy, equality, and reconciliation. Lincoln was widely admired for his leadership, courage, honesty, and compassion. He was also hated by many who opposed his policies and views. On April 14, 1865, just five days after the Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court House, he was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer, at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. He died the next morning, becoming the first American president to be killed in office. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest presidents in American history, and his legacy continues to inspire millions of people around the world.

    Abraham Lincoln Profile

  • 7. Robert Gordon Menzies

    Died: 1978 A.D
    Slogan: It is better to be defeated on principle than to win on lies.

    Robert Menzies was a prominent Australian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th prime minister of Australia for a total of over 18 years, making him the longest-serving prime minister in Australian history. He held office twice, first from 1939 to 1941 and then from 1949 to 1966. He was also the leader of the United Australia Party (UAP) in his first term and the founder and leader of the Liberal Party of Australia in his second term. Menzies was born in Jeparit, Victoria, on 20 December 1894. He was the fourth of five children of James Menzies, a storekeeper and politician, and Kate Sampson, a miner's daughter. He attended various schools in Ballarat and Melbourne before graduating with first-class honours in law from the University of Melbourne in 1916. He became a barrister in 1918 and quickly established himself as one of the leading lawyers in Victoria. He was appointed a King's Counsel in 1929, the youngest in Victoria at the time. Menzies entered politics in 1928 as a member of the Nationalist Party, which later became the UAP. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council and then to the Legislative Assembly, serving as Attorney-General and Minister for Railways. In 1934, he resigned from state politics and won the federal seat of Kooyong as a UAP candidate. He became Attorney-General and Minister for Industry in Joseph Lyons' government and was also deputy leader of the UAP from 1935. He resigned from cabinet in 1939 over a dispute about national insurance. Menzies became prime minister in April 1939 after Lyons died in office and Earle Page served as caretaker for 18 days. He led Australia into World War II and spent four months in England in 1941 to participate in Winston Churchill's war cabinet. However, he faced opposition from his coalition partner, the Country Party, and from some members of his own party. He lost the confidence of his party and resigned as prime minister in August 1941. He was succeeded by Arthur Fadden, who lasted only 40 days before being replaced by John Curtin of the Labor Party. Menzies remained as leader of the UAP until 1943, when he lost his seat at the federal election. He then helped to create a new conservative party, the Liberal Party of Australia, which he became the inaugural leader of in August 1945. He led the opposition against Curtin's successor, Ben Chifley, until he won the federal election in December 1949. He formed a coalition government with the Country Party and returned as prime minister. Menzies' second term as prime minister lasted for over 16 years, during which he won seven consecutive elections. He presided over a period of economic growth, social stability, immigration expansion, higher education development, national security policies, and international alliances. He strengthened Australia's ties with Britain and the United States, supported the creation of NATO and SEATO, signed the ANZUS Treaty and the Colombo Plan, sent troops to Korea, Malaya, and Vietnam, recognised Israel and Japan as sovereign states, opposed communism and apartheid, promoted British Commonwealth cooperation, and supported constitutional reform. Menzies retired as prime minister in January 1966 at the age of 71. He was succeeded by Harold Holt, who drowned a year later. Menzies remained active in public life until his death in May 1978. He wrote several books, gave lectures, served as chancellor of the University of Melbourne, and was involved in various cultural and educational organisations. He was knighted in 1963 and received many honours and awards, both in Australia and abroad. He was widely regarded as one of the most influential and respected figures in Australian history. Menzies was married to Pattie Maie Leckie, a journalist and political activist, from 1920 until her death in 1978. They had three children: Kenneth, Ian, and Heather. Menzies was a devout Presbyterian and a keen sportsman. He enjoyed cricket, golf, tennis, chess, and bridge. He was also fond of literature, music, art, and history. He had a distinctive voice and a sharp wit, which he used to great effect in his speeches and debates. He was known for his loyalty to his friends and his principles, as well as his ambition and determination. He was nicknamed "Ming" by his supporters and "Pig Iron Bob" by his critics.

    Robert Gordon Menzies Profile

  • 8. Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah

    Died: 2001 A.D
    Slogan: The people are the source of my strength

    Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah was the eldest son of Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj and Tengku Ampuan Jemaah. He received his early education at the Pengkalan Batu Malay School in Klang and the Malay College Kuala Kangsar. He then studied at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London for two years. He served with the Civil Service Department as a Trainee Officer with the Selangor Survey Department and later as an Inspector of Schools. He also attended a short-term course at the Malay Military Troop in Port Dickson and was commissioned with the Queen Commission in the rank of captain. He was later promoted to the rank of major. He was appointed as the Tengku Laksamana of Selangor in 1946 and as the Raja Muda (Crown Prince) of Selangor in 1950. He became the Sultan of Selangor on 3 September 1960 after the death of his father. He was known for his modernization efforts in Selangor, such as improving the infrastructure, education, health, and agriculture sectors. He also signed the cession of Kuala Lumpur from Selangor to the Federal Government to form a Federal Territory on 1 February 1974. He was elected as the 11th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia on 26 April 1999 and served until his death on 21 November 2001. He died of a heart attack at the Gleneagles Kuala Lumpur and was buried at the Royal Mausoleum in Klang. He was succeeded by his son, Sharafuddin, as the Sultan of Selangor and by Sirajuddin, the Sultan of Perlis, as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. He was known for his humility, generosity, and compassion. He was also an avid sportsman and patron of various sports associations. He was awarded numerous honours and titles, both locally and internationally, for his contributions and services.

    Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Profile

  • 9. Albert Einstein

    Died: 1955 A.D
    Slogan: The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible.

    Albert Einstein was one of the most influential and renowned physicists of the 20th century. He was born in Ulm, Germany, on March 14, 1879, to a Jewish family. He showed an early interest in mathematics and physics, but had difficulty with the rigid schooling system. He moved to Switzerland in 1895 and enrolled in the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich, where he met his first wife, Mileva Marić, a fellow physics student. He graduated in 1900 with a diploma in physics, but had trouble finding an academic position. He worked as a patent clerk in Bern from 1902 to 1909, while pursuing his own research in his spare time. In 1905, he published four groundbreaking papers on the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, special relativity, and mass-energy equivalence, which earned him the reputation of a scientific genius. He received his PhD from the University of Zurich in 1905, and became a lecturer at the University of Bern in 1908. He moved to Prague in 1911 as a full professor, and then returned to Zurich in 1912 as a professor of theoretical physics. In 1914, he accepted a prestigious position at the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, where he worked until 1933. He also became a German citizen in 1914, but renounced it in 1933 when Adolf Hitler came to power. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect, and his contributions to theoretical physics. He developed the general theory of relativity, a more comprehensive theory of gravity, between 1907 and 1915, which was confirmed by the observation of the bending of light by the Sun during a solar eclipse in 1919. He also made significant contributions to quantum mechanics, cosmology, statistical mechanics, and the unified field theory. He was a pacifist and a humanitarian, who advocated for social justice, civil rights, and nuclear disarmament. He was a supporter of the Zionist movement, and was offered the presidency of Israel in 1952, which he politely declined. He moved to the United States in 1933, where he joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He became an American citizen in 1940, and remained at Princeton until his death. He was involved in the Manhattan Project, which developed the atomic bomb, but later regretted his role and warned of the dangers of nuclear weapons. He died of an abdominal aortic aneurysm on April 18, 1955, at the age of 76, in Princeton Hospital. He left behind a legacy of scientific discoveries and insights that have shaped our understanding of the universe and inspired generations of scientists and thinkers.

    Albert Einstein Profile

  • 10. Ahmadu Bello

    Died: 1966 A.D
    Slogan: Work and worship

    Ahmadu Bello was a conservative Nigerian statesman who masterminded Northern Nigeria through the independence of Nigeria in 1960 and served as its first and only premier from 1954 until his assassination in 1966. He was also the leader of the Northern People's Congress, the ruling party at the time consisting of the Hausa–Fulani elite. He had previously been elected into the regional legislature and later became a government minister. A member of the Sokoto Caliphate dynasty, he made attempts at becoming Sultan of Sokoto before later joining politics. He was a descendant of Uthman dan Fodio, the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, and a grandson of Sultan Atiku na Raba. He received Islamic education at home, where he learnt the Qur'an, Islamic jurisprudence and the traditions of Muhammad. He later attended Sokoto Provincial School and the Katsina Training College (now Barewa College). During his school days, he was known as Ahmadu Rabah. He finished school in 1931 and subsequently became the English teacher in Sokoto Middle School. In 1934, Bello was made the District Head of Rabah by Sultan Hassan dan Mu'azu, succeeding his brother. In 1938, he was promoted to the position of Divisional Head of Gusau and became a member of the Sultan's council. In 1938, at the age of just 28, he made attempts to become the Sultan of Sokoto but was not successful, losing to Sir Siddiq Abubakar III who reigned for 50 years until his death in 1988. The new Sultan immediately made Sir Ahmadu Bello the Sardauna (Crown Prince) of Sokoto, a chieftaincy title, and promoted him to the Sokoto Native Authority Council. These titles automatically made him the Chief Political Adviser to the Sultan. Later, he was put in charge of the Sokoto Province to oversee 47 districts and by 1944, he was back at the Sultan's Palace to work as the Chief Secretary of the State Native Administration. He entered politics in 1949 as a member of the Northern House of Assembly and a representative of the Sokoto Native Authority. In 1951, he was elected to the House of Representatives in Lagos as a member of the Northern People's Congress (NPC), a party that he helped to form. He became the first Premier of Northern Nigeria in 1954. He was a strong advocate of the modernization and unity of Northern Nigeria, and he opposed the secessionist agenda of some southern politicians. He worked to improve the education, health, agriculture, and infrastructure of the region. He also supported the establishment of the Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, the second largest university in Africa. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1959. He was assassinated on 15 January 1966 in a military coup led by Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu, an Igbo officer. He died alongside his wife, Hafsatu, and his aide, Ahmed Ben Musa. He was buried in Sokoto, and his tomb is a national monument. He is widely revered in Northern Nigeria as a visionary leader and a symbol of the region's identity and history.

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