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Constantine Zureiq Constantine Zureiq 1909 - 2000 Historian, professor, diplomat
Qays Abd al Hussein al Yasiri Qays Abd al Hussein al Yasiri 1941 - 1995 Founder of modern Iraqi sociology
Mohammad Musa Shafiq Mohammad Musa Shafiq 1932 - 1979 Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Afghanistan
Zoran Rant Zoran Rant 1904 - 1972 Mechanical Engineer, Scientist
Ubayd Zakani Ubayd Zakani 1319 - 1369 Poet and satirist of the Mongol era
Raghavan Narasimhan Raghavan Narasimhan 1937 - 2015 professor of mathematics at the University
Abbas Mahmoud al-Aqqad Abbas Mahmoud al-Aqqad 1889 - 1964 Journalist, literary critic, philosopher
Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan 1918 - 2004 Former Ruler of AbuDhabi,Founding President of UAE
Willard Boyle Willard Boyle 1924 - 2011 Co-inventor of charge-coupled device
Jean Michel Basquiat Jean Michel Basquiat 1960 - 1988 Painter, graffiti artist
Violeta Manushi Violeta Manushi 1926 - 2007 Actress and poet for The Voice
Emperor Pedro II Emperor Pedro II 1825 - 1891 Emperor of Brazil
Ismet inonu Ismet inonu 1884 - 1973 President of Turkey
Vu Minh Son Vu Minh Son 1981 - 2013 Singer
Wilhelm Bissen Wilhelm Bissen 1836 - 1913 Realist sculptor
Seta Hagopian Seta Hagopian 1950 - 2018 Singer and songwriter of Iraqi music
Rogelio Gonzalez Rogelio Gonzalez 1920 - 1984 Film director, screenwriter, and actor
Almudena Grandes Almudena Grandes 1960 - 2021 Writer and novelist
Irena Kwiatkowska Irena Kwiatkowska 1912 - 2011 Actress, cabaret artist
Li Shuwen Li Shuwen 1864 - 1934 Northern Shaolin martial arts system
Ross Higgins Ross Higgins 1931 - 2016 Ted Bullpitt in Kingswood Country
Esther Seligson Esther Seligson 1941 - 2010 Writer, poet, translator, and historian
Margaret of Provence Margaret of Provence 1221 - 1295 Queen of France, wife of Louis IX
Hafiz Sahar Hafiz Sahar 1928 - 1982 Academic Scholar
Abraham Palatnik Abraham Palatnik 1928 - 2020 Abstract artist and inventor
Tomisaburo Wakayama Tomisaburo Wakayama 1929 - 1992 Playing Ogami Itto in the Lone Wolf
Boris Yefimov Boris Yefimov 1900 - 2008 Political cartoonist
Roddam Narasimha Roddam Narasimha 1933 - 2020 Aerospace scientist and fluid dynamicist
Ulrich Schrade Ulrich Schrade 1943 - 2009 philosopher, educationist and ethicist
Ion Antonescu Ion Antonescu 1882 - 1946 Prime Minister and Conducător of Romania
Marcel Duchamp Marcel Duchamp 1887 - 1968 Painter, sculptor, chess player, writer
Dadi Leela Dadi Leela 1916 - 2017 Music teacher and women's rights activist
James Ajibola Idowu Adegoke Ige James Ajibola Idowu Adegoke Ige 1930 - 2001 Federal Minister of Justice of Nigeria
Constantine XI Palaiologos Constantine XI Palaiologos 1405 - 1453 Last Byzantine emperor
Kjell Lund Kjell Lund 1927 - 2013 Architect, songwriter and singer
David Knudsen David Knudsen 1875 - 1952 Actor
Janez Drnovsek Janez Drnovsek 1950 - 2008 Politician
Elijah Harper Elijah Harper 1949 - 2013 Politician
Louis de Montfort Louis de Montfort 1673 - 1716 Preacher and missionary apostolic
Poot Lorlek Poot Lorlek 1952 - 2020 Muay Thai Kickboxer
Veljko Rus Veljko Rus 1929 - 2018 Sociologist
Fibonacci Fibonacci 1170 - 1250 Mathematician
Zeenat Abdullah Channa Zeenat Abdullah Channa 1919 - 1974 Writer, educationist, and editor
Empress Kojun Empress Kojun 1903 - 2000 Empress consort of Japan
Josip Plemelj Josip Plemelj 1873 - 1967 Mathematician
Guo Moruo Guo Moruo 1892 - 1978 Author, poet, historian, archaeologist
Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn 1500 - 1536 Queen of England and second wife of Henry VIII
Ivan Zulueta Ivan Zulueta 1943 - 2009 Film director, designer, screenwriter, actor
Andrzej Badenski Andrzej Badenski 1943 - 2008 400 metres runner
Joan Sebastian Joan Sebastian 1951 - 2015 Regional Mexican music
Duygu Asena Duygu Asena 1946 - 2006 Journalist and author
Irene Ayako Uchida Irene Ayako Uchida 1917 - 2013 Geneticist and scientist
Lalla Carlsen Lalla Carlsen 1889 - 1967 Revue artist
Pavel Korin Pavel Korin 1892 - 1967 Painter and art restorer
Johannes Tauler Johannes Tauler 1300 - 1361 Dominican friar and theologian
Joseph Marie Terray Joseph Marie Terray 1715 - 1778 Controller-General of Finances
Nasir Durrani Nasir Durrani 1957 - 2021 Police officer and former Inspector General
Otto Sverdrup Otto Sverdrup 1854 - 1930 Arctic explorer
Vasily Tropinin Vasily Tropinin 1776 - 1857 Romantic painter
Vintila Ion Constantin Bratianu Vintila Ion Constantin Bratianu 1867 - 1930 Politician
Gesang Martohartono Gesang Martohartono 1917 - 2010 Children's song composer
Gjon Simoni Gjon Simoni 1936 - 1999 Albanian musicologist and composer
Dimitrie Cantemir Dimitrie Cantemir 1673 - 1723 Prince of Moldavia
Yusuf Zaarur Yusuf Zaarur 1902 - 1969 Qanun player, director of Radio Orchestra
Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 1884 - 1954 Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Delma Juzar Delma Juzar 1929 - 1980 Actor and custom employee
Moussa Ayoub Moussa Ayoub 1873 - 1955 Portrait Painter
Ku Sang Ku Sang 1919 - 2004 Poet
Cherd Songsri Cherd Songsri 1931 - 2006 Film Director, Screenwriter
Muhammad al-Tunji Muhammad al-Tunji 1933 - 2021 linguist and author
Brian Friel Brian Friel 1929 - 2015 Playwright and short story writer
Vicente Fernandez Vicente Fernandez 1940 - 2021 Ranchera singer and film producer
Khalilullah Khalili Khalilullah Khalili 1907 - 1987 Poet, Historian
John Eudes John Eudes 1601 - 1680 Founder of the Congregation of Jesus and Mary
Abba Kyari Abba Kyari 1952 - 2020 Chief of Staff to the President of Nigeria
Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben 1730 - 1794 Inspector General
Liu Xucang Liu Xucang 1913 - 1966 Pioneering in color film and nudes
Omer Dongeloglu Omer Dongeloglu 1968 - 2020 program yapımcısı ve televizyon sunucusu
William the Conqueror William the Conqueror 1028 - 1087 King of England, Duke of Normandy,
Ch'oe Che-u Ch'oe Che-u 1824 - 1864 Founder of the Tonghak sect
Cindy Williams Cindy Williams 1947 - 2023 actress
France Acko France Acko 1904 - 1974 Musician, Organist, Composer
Hanzo HATTORI Hanzo HATTORI 1542 - 1596 Ninja master and tactician
Ingeborg Suhr Mailand Ingeborg Suhr Mailand 1864 - 1941 Women's rights activist, pacifist and educator
Costica Acsinte Costica Acsinte 1897 - 1984 War photographer
Georg Simon Ohm Georg Simon Ohm 1789 - 1854 Physicist and mathematician, known for Ohm's law
Victor Kennedy Copps Victor Kennedy Copps 1919 - 1988 Mayor
Abdul Rauf Benawa Abdul Rauf Benawa 1913 - 1985 Writer,Poet,Journalist, Historian, Social Activist
Cha In Ha Cha In Ha 1992 - 2019 Actor and singer
Maya Nasser Maya Nasser 1979 - 2012 Reporter for Press TV
Dimitrie Bolintineanu Dimitrie Bolintineanu 1819 - 1872 Poet, politician, diplomat
Peace Anyiam-Osigwe Peace Anyiam-Osigwe 1969 - 2023 Founder of Africa Movie Academy Awards
Augustine Magdalena Waworuntu Augustine Magdalena Waworuntu 1899 - 1987 Mayor of Manado
Mamoru Shigemitsu Mamoru Shigemitsu 1887 - 1957 Minister of Foreign Affairs
Vilhelm Dahlerup Vilhelm Dahlerup 1836 - 1907 Architect of many buildings in Copenhagen
Sumaira Zareen Sumaira Zareen 1923 - 1997 Short story writer
William Donald Hamilton William Donald Hamilton 1936 - 2000 Evolutionary theorist
Cindy Amadi Cindy Amadi 1991 - 2023 Actress
Mohammad Daoud Khan Mohammad Daoud Khan 1909 - 1978 President
Vicente Aleixandre Vicente Aleixandre 1898 - 1984 winner of the Cervantes,and the Lenin Peace Prize
Jamal al-Din al-Qasimi Jamal al-Din al-Qasimi 1866 - 1914 Islamic scholar and reformer
Ismail Cem ipeki Ismail Cem ipeki 1940 - 2007 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey
Dang Thuy Tram Dang Thuy Tram 1942 - 1970 Battlefield Surgeon
Joseph Arthur Gosnell Sr. Joseph Arthur Gosnell Sr. 1936 - 2020 Tribal Leader
Huda Sharawi Huda Sharawi 1879 - 1947 Founder of the Egyptian Feminist Union
Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari 1892 - 1961 Founder of Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam
Stanislaw Moniuszko Stanislaw Moniuszko 1819 - 1872 Opera composer
Kulap Saipradit Kulap Saipradit 1906 - 1974 Novelist
Doug Henning Doug Henning 1947 - 2000 Magician, Illusionist, Escape Artist
Barbu Stefanescu Delavrancea Barbu Stefanescu Delavrancea 1858 - 1918 Writer
Joseph Elian Sarkis Joseph Elian Sarkis 1856 - 1932 Writer, editor, translator, bookseller
Horatiu Radulescu Horatiu Radulescu 1942 - 2008 composer
Grigory Potyomkin Tavrichesky Grigory Potyomkin Tavrichesky 1739 - 1791 General and friend of Catherine the Great
Leke Dukagjini Leke Dukagjini 1410 - 1481 Leader of the League of Lezhë
Ghali Umar Na'Abba Ghali Umar Na'Abba 1958 - 2023 Speaker of the House of Representatives
Sen Rikyu Sen Rikyu 1522 - 1591 Tea master who perfected the tea ceremony
Mohammad Yusuf Khan Mohammad Yusuf Khan 1917 - 1998 Prime Minister of Afghanistan
Joaquim Aurelio Barreto Nabuco de Araujo Joaquim Aurelio Barreto Nabuco de Araujo 1849 - 1910 Abolitionist, diplomat, politician, writer
Donal McCann Donal McCann 1943 - 1999 Stage, film, and television actor
Johan Jorgen Holst Johan Jorgen Holst 1937 - 1994 Minister of Defence and Foreign Affairs
Mary of Guise Mary of Guise 1515 - 1560 Queen consort and regent of Scotland
Henri de Saint-Simon Henri de Saint-Simon 1760 - 1825 Social reformer and founder of Christian socialism
Murad III Murad III 1546 - 1595 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Ali Suavi Ali Suavi 1839 - 1878 Political activist and reformer
Abu Mansur al Baghdadi Abu Mansur al Baghdadi 980 - 1037 Shafi'i scholar and mathematician
Georgy Lvov Georgy Lvov 1861 - 1925 Minister-Chairman
Pavel Popovich Pavel Popovich 1930 - 2009 Soviet cosmonaut
Kitagawa Utamaro Kitagawa Utamaro 1753 - 1806 Woodblock printmaker and painter
Munawar Zarif Munawar Zarif 1940 - 1976 Film actor and comedian
Farman Fatehpuri Farman Fatehpuri 1926 - 2013 Linguist, researcher, writer, critic and scholar
Christian Michelsen Christian Michelsen 1857 - 1925 Prime minister of Norway
T.M. Aluko T.M. Aluko 1918 - 2010 Novelist, playwright, poet, town planner
A. Hamid Arief A. Hamid Arief 1924 - 1992 Actor, comedian, voice actor
Jakob Savinsek Jakob Savinsek 1922 - 1961 Sculptor
David Praporgescu David Praporgescu 1865 - 1916 Brigadier General
Maksymilian Faktorowicz Maksymilian Faktorowicz 1877 - 1938 Cosmetics entrepreneur and inventor
Timothy Timothy 17 - 97 Disciple of Paul the Apostle
Sir Francis Drake Sir Francis Drake 1540 - 1596 Circumnavigating the globe and fighting
Dadullah Akhund Dadullah Akhund 1966 - 2007 Taliban's senior military commander
Afif Bahnassi Afif Bahnassi 1928 - 2017 Islamic art historian and museum curator
Van Den Van Den 1919 - 1988 painter
Marie-Joseph Lagrange Marie-Joseph Lagrange 1855 - 1938 Theologian and founder of the École Biblique
Martins Kuye Martins Kuye 1942 - 2021 Minister of commerce and industry
Milita Petrascu Milita Petrascu 1892 - 1976 Sculptor
Yitzhak Nissim Yitzhak Nissim 1896 - 1981 Sephardic Chief Rabbi of Israel
Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai 1901 - 1950 Number theory
John Draper Perrin John Draper Perrin 1890 - 1967 Founder of San Antonio Gold Mine
Stefan Askenase Stefan Askenase 1896 - 1985 Classical pianist and pedagogue
Otto Bache Otto Bache 1839 - 1927 Painter
Endang Rahayu Sedyaningsih Endang Rahayu Sedyaningsih 1955 - 2012 Indonesia's Minister of Health
Creat A Memorial Profile

Top 10 Died Influential People

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  • 1. Emperor Pedro II

    Died: 1891 A.D
    Slogan: May God grant me these last wishes – peace and prosperity for Brazil.

    Pedro II was the second and last emperor of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina. His father's abrupt abdication and departure to Europe in 1831 left the five-year-old as emperor and led to a grim and lonely childhood and adolescence, obliged to spend his time studying in preparation for rule. His experiences with court intrigues and political disputes during this period greatly affected his later character; he grew into a man with a strong sense of duty and devotion toward his country and his people, yet increasingly resentful of his role as monarch. Pedro II inherited an empire on the verge of disintegration, but he turned Brazil into an emerging power in the international arena. The nation grew to be distinguished from its Hispanic neighbors on account of its political stability, zealously guarded freedom of speech, respect for civil rights, vibrant economic growth, and form of government—a functional representative parliamentary monarchy. Brazil was also victorious in the Platine War, the Uruguayan War, and the Paraguayan War, as well as prevailing in several other international disputes and domestic tensions. Pedro II steadfastly pushed through the abolition of slavery despite opposition from powerful political and economic interests. A savant in his own right, the Emperor established a reputation as a vigorous sponsor of learning, culture, and the sciences, and he won the respect and admiration of people such as Charles Darwin, Victor Hugo, and Friedrich Nietzsche, and was a friend to Richard Wagner, Louis Pasteur, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, among others. He was married to Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, with whom he had four children, two of whom died in infancy. He was a devoted father and husband, and a cultured and well-read man. He was also a lover of nature and photography, and a patron of the arts and sciences. He was deposed by a military coup in 1889, which proclaimed Brazil a republic. He accepted the end of the monarchy without resistance and went into exile in Europe with his family. He died in Paris in 1891, at the age of 66, and his remains were later returned to Brazil with honors. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest Brazilian leaders and a champion of democracy, freedom, and progress.

    Emperor Pedro II Profile

  • 2. Hakim Abolghasem Ferdowsi

    Died: 1020 A.D
    Slogan: I suffered during these thirty years, but I have revived the Iranians with my poetry.

    Hakim Abolghasem Ferdowsi was born in 940 CE in a village near Tus, in the Khorasan region of Iran, which was then under the rule of the Samanid dynasty. He belonged to a wealthy family of dehqans, who were Iranian aristocrats and landowners that had preserved their status and culture after the Arab conquest of Iran in the 7th century. Ferdowsi was educated in Persian literature and history, as well as Arabic language and sciences. He married a woman from his own class and had a daughter with her. He devoted most of his adult life to composing his masterpiece, the Shahnameh (The Book of Kings), which is the national epic of Iran and one of the longest poems ever written by a single author. The Shahnameh is based on a prose work of the same name that was compiled in Ferdowsi's youth, which in turn was a translation of a Pahlavi (Middle Persian) work called Khvatay-namak, a history of the kings of Iran from mythical times to the Sassanid dynasty. Ferdowsi also added material from oral traditions, legends, and other sources to his poem, which covers more than 50,000 couplets and spans thousands of years of Iranian history and culture. Ferdowsi composed his poem for the Samanid princes of Khorasan, who were patrons of Persian literature and culture. However, during his lifetime, the Samanid dynasty was overthrown by the Ghaznavid Turks, who were less interested in Ferdowsi's work. Ferdowsi faced many hardships and disappointments in his life, such as the death of his son at a young age, the loss of his patrons and friends, the invasion of his homeland by foreign powers, and the neglect and betrayal of the rulers who commissioned his poem. He died in 1020 CE in Tus, in poverty and bitterness, but also with confidence in his lasting fame. He was buried in his own garden, but later a mausoleum was built over his grave by a Ghaznavid governor. His tomb became a revered site and a symbol of Iranian identity and pride. Ferdowsi is widely regarded as one of the greatest poets in world literature and one of the most influential figures in Iranian history and culture. His Shahnameh is a source of inspiration and identity for Iranians and other Persian-speaking peoples. It is also a valuable document of ancient Iranian myths, legends, history, language, religion, art, and values. Ferdowsi's style is characterized by its epic grandeur, lyrical beauty, moral wisdom, historical accuracy, and cultural richness. He is celebrated as a national hero and a guardian of Persian heritage by Iranians and other admirers around the world.

    Hakim Abolghasem Ferdowsi Profile

  • 3. Pyotr Bagration

    Died: 1812 A.D
    Slogan: The Russian Army always has been success.

    Pyotr Bagration was a Russian general and prince of Georgian origin, prominent during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Bagration, a member of the Bagrationi dynasty, was born in Kizlyar. His father, Ivan (Ivane), served as an officer in the Imperial Russian Army, in which Bagration also enlisted in 1782. Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration began his military career serving in the Russo-Circassian War of 1763–1864 for a couple of years. Afterwards he participated in a war against the Ottomans and the capture of Ochakov in 1788. Later he helped suppress the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794 in Poland and capture Warsaw. During Russia's Italian and Swiss campaigns of 1799 against the French, he served with distinction under Field Marshal Alexander Suvorov. In 1805 Russia joined the coalition against Napoleon. After the collapse of the Austrians at Ulm in October 1805, Bagration won praise for his successful defense in the Battle of Schöngrabern (November 1805) that allowed Russian forces to withdraw and unite with the main Russian army of Mikhail Kutuzov. In December 1805 the combined Russo-Austrian army suffered defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz, where Bagration commanded the allied right wing against the French under Jean Lannes. He subsequently participated in a series of unsuccessful battles: Austerlitz (Dec. 2, 1805), Eylau (Feb. 7–8, 1807), Heilsburg (June 10, 1807), and Friedland (June 14, 1807); but, after Russia formed an alliance with France (Treaty of Tilsit; July 7, 1807) and engaged in a war against Sweden, Bagration marched across the frozen Gulf of Finland and captured the strategic Åland Islands (1808). He was then transferred to the south (1809) and placed in command of a force fighting the Turks in Bulgaria (Russo-Turkish War of 1806–12). When Russia and France renewed their hostilities (1812), he was given command of the 2nd Russian Army in the West. Although his troops were defeated by the French at Mogilyov and separated from the main Russian army in July, he saved them from destruction and rejoined the main force in August. On Sept. 7, 1812, at the Battle of Borodino, near Moscow, Bagration commanded the left wing of the Russian forces and was fatally wounded. A monument was erected in his honour by Emperor Nicholas I on the battlefield of Borodino.

    Pyotr Bagration Profile

  • 4. Miyamoto Musashi

    Died: 1645 A.D
    Slogan: The way is in training.

    Miyamoto Musashi was a legendary Japanese swordsman, philosopher, strategist, writer, and rōnin. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest swordsmen in history, as well as a master of various arts and crafts. He lived during the late Sengoku and early Edo periods, a time of social and political turmoil in Japan. He spent most of his life wandering across the country, challenging and defeating numerous opponents in duels, honing his skills and developing his own style of swordsmanship. He also participated in several wars and battles, serving different lords and factions. He was never defeated in any of his 61 recorded duels, some of which were against multiple adversaries or renowned masters. Musashi's most famous duel was against Sasaki Kojirō, another prominent swordsman, in 1612. The duel took place on the island of Funajima, near Kokura. Musashi arrived late, and used a wooden sword that he carved from an oar on his way to the island. He struck Kojirō on the head with a single blow, killing him instantly. Musashi then swiftly left the island, without waiting for the formalities. This duel has been dramatized and fictionalized in many works of literature, art, and film. Musashi was also a prolific writer and a keen observer of nature and human behavior. He wrote several works on martial arts, strategy, and philosophy, most notably The Book of Five Rings (Go Rin No Sho), a treatise on the principles and practice of his Niten Ichi-ryū (Two Heavens as One) style of swordsmanship, which employs both the long and the short sword simultaneously. The book is divided into five chapters, each corresponding to one of the five elements: Earth, Water, Fire, Wind, and Void. It contains practical advice on tactics, techniques, and training, as well as metaphysical and ethical insights on the way of the warrior and the nature of reality. The book is considered a classic of military strategy and has influenced various fields and disciplines, such as business, politics, sports, and psychology. Musashi was also a talented artist and a versatile craftsman. He created many paintings, calligraphies, sculptures, and metalworks, often incorporating Zen and Buddhist motifs. He was especially skilled in painting birds and animals, using a minimalist and dynamic style. Some of his artworks are designated as national treasures or important cultural properties in Japan. He also designed and supervised the construction of the Akashi Castle in 1617, and the reconstruction of the Kumamoto Castle in 1637. Musashi spent his last years as a hermit in a cave called Reigandō, near Kumamoto. He continued to practice and refine his art, as well as to meditate and write. He died in 1645, at the age of 60 or 61, of what is believed to be thoracic cancer. He died peacefully, after completing his final work, The Path of Aloneness (Dokkōdō), a collection of 21 precepts on self-discipline and personal conduct. He was buried at the Musashizuka Park, where a memorial and a statue were erected in his honor. He is revered as a national hero and a cultural icon in Japan, and his legacy lives on in many forms of popular culture around the world.

    Miyamoto Musashi Profile

  • 5. Nicolaus Copernicus

    Died: 1543 A.D
    Slogan: Mathematics is written for mathematicians.

    Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance polymath who revolutionized astronomy by proposing that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the solar system. He also made contributions to mathematics, economics, medicine, and canon law. He studied at various universities in Poland and Italy, where he learned classical languages, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. He became a canon of the Warmian Cathedral chapter and a doctor of canon law. He also served as a diplomat, governor, and administrator for the church and the Polish king. He spent most of his life in Royal Prussia, a semi-autonomous region of the Kingdom of Poland. He wrote his magnum opus, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), in which he presented his heliocentric theory, over several decades. He delayed publishing it until 1543, the year of his death, fearing the criticism and controversy it would provoke. His book was banned by the Catholic Church and condemned by Protestant theologians, but it also inspired many later astronomers and scientists, such as Galileo, Kepler, Descartes, and Newton, who built on his ideas and developed the modern scientific worldview. Copernicus is widely regarded as one of the greatest astronomers and one of the fathers of modern science.

    Nicolaus Copernicus Profile

  • 6. Juan Martin Diez

    Died: 1825 A.D
    Slogan: I will die as I have lived: defending my country and my ideas.

    Juan Martín Díez was born in a peasant family in Castrillo de Duero, Valladolid, Spain on September 5, 1775. He had a passion for military affairs since his childhood and participated in the War of the Pyrenees against France when he was 18. He married María Antonia Santos Platero in 1796 and settled in Fuentecén, Burgos, where he worked as a farmer until the French invasion of Spain in 1808. He then organized a group of guerrillas composed of his friends and relatives to fight against the invaders. He earned the nickname El Empecinado (the Undaunted) for his courage and persistence. He fought in many battles and skirmishes along the Duero river basin and other provinces, harassing and defeating the French troops with his superior knowledge of the terrain and his unconventional tactics. He was promoted to the rank of captain in 1809 and later to brigadier general in 1812. He also collaborated with the regular Spanish army and the British allies led by Wellington. He was a supporter of the liberal Constitution of 1812 and opposed the absolutist monarchy of Ferdinand VII, who abolished the constitution after his restoration in 1814. He joined the liberal uprising of 1820 and defended the constitutional regime against the royalist forces. He was captured by the royalists in 1823 and imprisoned in Pamplona. He was later transferred to Roa de Duero, where he was sentenced to death by hanging on August 20, 1825. He died with dignity and courage, refusing to ask for pardon or mercy. His body was buried in Burgos cemetery. He is regarded as one of the most prominent figures of the Spanish War of Independence and a hero of liberalism. His life inspired many writers, artists, and historians. His name is honored in many streets, squares, monuments, and institutions throughout Spain. His legacy lives on in the Spanish people's struggle for freedom and democracy.

    Juan Martin Diez Profile

  • 7. Qaboos bin Said al Said

    Died: 2020 A.D
    Slogan: We are friends to all and enemies to none.

    Qaboos bin Said al Said was the Sultan of Oman from 1970 until his death in 2020. He was a fifteenth-generation descendant of the founder of the House of Al Said and was the longest-serving leader in the Middle East and Arab world at the time of his death. Educated in England, he served briefly in the British Army before returning to Oman. After overthrowing his father in a coup d'état, he implemented policies of modernization and ended Oman's international isolation. His reign saw a rise in living standards and development in the country, the abolition of slavery, the end of the Dhofar Rebellion, and the promulgation of Oman's constitution.

    Qaboos bin Said al Said Profile

  • 8. Robert Gordon Menzies

    Died: 1978 A.D
    Slogan: It is better to be defeated on principle than to win on lies.

    Robert Menzies was a prominent Australian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th prime minister of Australia for a total of over 18 years, making him the longest-serving prime minister in Australian history. He held office twice, first from 1939 to 1941 and then from 1949 to 1966. He was also the leader of the United Australia Party (UAP) in his first term and the founder and leader of the Liberal Party of Australia in his second term. Menzies was born in Jeparit, Victoria, on 20 December 1894. He was the fourth of five children of James Menzies, a storekeeper and politician, and Kate Sampson, a miner's daughter. He attended various schools in Ballarat and Melbourne before graduating with first-class honours in law from the University of Melbourne in 1916. He became a barrister in 1918 and quickly established himself as one of the leading lawyers in Victoria. He was appointed a King's Counsel in 1929, the youngest in Victoria at the time. Menzies entered politics in 1928 as a member of the Nationalist Party, which later became the UAP. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council and then to the Legislative Assembly, serving as Attorney-General and Minister for Railways. In 1934, he resigned from state politics and won the federal seat of Kooyong as a UAP candidate. He became Attorney-General and Minister for Industry in Joseph Lyons' government and was also deputy leader of the UAP from 1935. He resigned from cabinet in 1939 over a dispute about national insurance. Menzies became prime minister in April 1939 after Lyons died in office and Earle Page served as caretaker for 18 days. He led Australia into World War II and spent four months in England in 1941 to participate in Winston Churchill's war cabinet. However, he faced opposition from his coalition partner, the Country Party, and from some members of his own party. He lost the confidence of his party and resigned as prime minister in August 1941. He was succeeded by Arthur Fadden, who lasted only 40 days before being replaced by John Curtin of the Labor Party. Menzies remained as leader of the UAP until 1943, when he lost his seat at the federal election. He then helped to create a new conservative party, the Liberal Party of Australia, which he became the inaugural leader of in August 1945. He led the opposition against Curtin's successor, Ben Chifley, until he won the federal election in December 1949. He formed a coalition government with the Country Party and returned as prime minister. Menzies' second term as prime minister lasted for over 16 years, during which he won seven consecutive elections. He presided over a period of economic growth, social stability, immigration expansion, higher education development, national security policies, and international alliances. He strengthened Australia's ties with Britain and the United States, supported the creation of NATO and SEATO, signed the ANZUS Treaty and the Colombo Plan, sent troops to Korea, Malaya, and Vietnam, recognised Israel and Japan as sovereign states, opposed communism and apartheid, promoted British Commonwealth cooperation, and supported constitutional reform. Menzies retired as prime minister in January 1966 at the age of 71. He was succeeded by Harold Holt, who drowned a year later. Menzies remained active in public life until his death in May 1978. He wrote several books, gave lectures, served as chancellor of the University of Melbourne, and was involved in various cultural and educational organisations. He was knighted in 1963 and received many honours and awards, both in Australia and abroad. He was widely regarded as one of the most influential and respected figures in Australian history. Menzies was married to Pattie Maie Leckie, a journalist and political activist, from 1920 until her death in 1978. They had three children: Kenneth, Ian, and Heather. Menzies was a devout Presbyterian and a keen sportsman. He enjoyed cricket, golf, tennis, chess, and bridge. He was also fond of literature, music, art, and history. He had a distinctive voice and a sharp wit, which he used to great effect in his speeches and debates. He was known for his loyalty to his friends and his principles, as well as his ambition and determination. He was nicknamed "Ming" by his supporters and "Pig Iron Bob" by his critics.

    Robert Gordon Menzies Profile

  • 9. William Shakespeare

    Died: 1616 A.D
    Slogan: The rest is silence.

    William Shakespeare was a renowned English poet, playwright, and actor born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. His birthday is most commonly celebrated on 23 April (see When was Shakespeare born ), which is also believed to be the date he died in 1616. Shakespeare was a prolific writer during the Elizabethan and Jacobean ages of British theatre (sometimes called the English Renaissance or the Early Modern Period). Shakespeare’s plays are perhaps his most enduring legacy, but they are not all he wrote. Shakespeare’s poems also remain popular to this day. Shakespeare's family were granted a coat of arms in 1596: it is thought that it was the influence of William Shakespeare that brought that about. It is likely that both William Shakespeare’s parents – John and Mary – were illiterate. John used a pair of glover’s compasses as his signature and Mary used a running horse. Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as some of the best works produced in these genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until 1608, among them Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, all considered to be among the finest works in the English language. In the last phase of his life, he wrote tragicomedies (also known as romances) and collaborated with other playwrights. Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime. However, in 1623, John Heminges and Henry Condell, two fellow actors and friends of Shakespeare's, published a more definitive text known as the First Folio, a posthumous collected edition of Shakespeare's dramatic works that includes 36 of his plays. Its Preface was a prescient poem by Ben Jonson, a former rival of Shakespeare, that hailed Shakespeare with the now famous epithet: not of an age, but for all time.

    William Shakespeare Profile

  • 10. Abraham Lincoln

    Died: 1865 A.D
    Slogan:

    Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, who led the nation through the Civil War and abolished slavery. He was born in a log cabin in Kentucky in 1809, and grew up in poverty on the frontier. He taught himself to read and write, and became a lawyer and a politician. He joined the new Republican Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery, and became famous for his debates with Stephen A. Douglas in 1858. He ran for president in 1860, and won with a majority of electoral votes, but not popular votes. His election triggered the secession of several Southern states, who formed the Confederate States of America. Lincoln refused to recognize their independence, and declared war to preserve the Union. Lincoln faced many challenges and difficulties during the war, both on the battlefield and on the home front. He had to deal with divided public opinion, political rivals, incompetent generals, and personal tragedies. He also had to balance his own moral convictions with the practical realities of war. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, which declared that all enslaved people in the rebel states were free. He also supported the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the entire country. He delivered some of the most memorable speeches in American history, such as the Gettysburg Address and the Second Inaugural Address, which expressed his vision of democracy, equality, and reconciliation. Lincoln was widely admired for his leadership, courage, honesty, and compassion. He was also hated by many who opposed his policies and views. On April 14, 1865, just five days after the Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court House, he was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer, at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. He died the next morning, becoming the first American president to be killed in office. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest presidents in American history, and his legacy continues to inspire millions of people around the world.

    Abraham Lincoln Profile

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